Planhigyn blodeuol yw Trwyn-y-llo ymlusgol sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Plantaginaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Asarina procumbens a'r enw Saesneg yw Trailing snapdragon.[1]
Llwyn (neu brysgwydd) ydyw, fel eraill yn yr un teulu.
Planhigyn blodeuol yw Trwyn-y-llo ymlusgol sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Plantaginaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Asarina procumbens a'r enw Saesneg yw Trailing snapdragon.
Llwyn (neu brysgwydd) ydyw, fel eraill yn yr un teulu.
Die Gloxinienwinden (Asarina) sind eine Pflanzengattung in der Familie der Wegerichgewächse (Plantaginaceae) und umfassen etwa 16 Arten. Sie sind von Mexiko bis in die südwestlichen USA und in Südeuropa heimisch.
Asarina-Arten wachsen als meist stark rankende oder windende oder seltener kriechende, meist ausdauernde krautige Pflanzen. Die mindestens im oberen Bereich wechselständigen Laubblätter sind meist dreieckig, fiedernervig und flaumig behaart mit gezähnten Blattrand.
Die Blüten stehen einzeln in den Blattachseln. Die attraktiven Blüten sind zwittrig, zygomorph und fünfzählig mit doppelten Perianth. Die fünf breiten grünen Kelchblätter sind verwachsen. Die Blütenkronen, in verschiedenen Größen, erinnert an Löwenmäulchen. Die fünf Kronblätter können weiß, gelb, rosa-, purpurfarben und Schattierungen dazwischen sein und sind oft an der Kehle gefleckt. Die Blütenkrone ist zweilippig. Es sind vier Staubblätter vorhanden.
Die Kapselfrüchte besitzen zwei gleiche Fächer.
Einige Sorten werden in kalten Klimazonen als einjährige Pflanzen kultiviert, aber sie sind in warmen Klimazonen ausdauernd. Sie brauchen eine warme geschützten Standort in kalten Klimazonen oder können im Gewächshaus gepflegt werden. Sie sind gut für den Bewuchs von Wänden und Bänken geeignet. Sie brauchen im Winter einen Rückschnitt, weil sie an neuen Trieben besser blühen. Neue Sorten werden regelmäßig in Nordamerika und Europa auf den Markt gebracht. Die Vermehrung kann durch Aussaat und Stecklinge erfolgen.[1][2][3]
Die Erstveröffentlichung der Gattung Asarina erfolgte 1757 durch Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary, 7. Auflage. Als Lectotypus wurde von W.R. Barker in B. Morley & H.R. Toelken: Flowering Plants of Australia, 1983, 270 Asarina procumbens Mill. festgelegt. Die Gattung Asarina gehört zur Tribus Antirrhineae in der Familie der Plantaginaceae.[4]
Es gibt etwa 15 bis 16 Asarina-Arten (Auswahl):
Nicht mehr zur Gattung zählen
Die Gloxinienwinden (Asarina) sind eine Pflanzengattung in der Familie der Wegerichgewächse (Plantaginaceae) und umfassen etwa 16 Arten. Sie sind von Mexiko bis in die südwestlichen USA und in Südeuropa heimisch.
Asarina is a flowering plant genus of only one species, Asarina procumbens Mill. [2] the trailing snapdragon,[3] which is native to France and Spain and introduced in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary.[4] Originally placed in the Scrophulariaceae (figwort family), the genus has more recently been moved to the Plantaginaceae (plantain family).[5] Species from North America formerly placed in the genus Asarina are now placed in Holmgrenanthe, Lophospermum, Mabrya and Maurandya,[6] as well as Neogaerrhinum. Asarina is now regarded as exclusively an Old World genus.[7][8]
The single remaining species of the now monotypic genus, A. procumbens is a foetid, strongly pubescent, viscid subshrub of trailing/mat-forming habit reaching a height of only 10-20cm. The somewhat woody main stems give rise to lax creeping/cascading stems bearing opposite, long-petioled, hairy, lobed, reniform-to-cordate leaves with crenate and often red-tinged margins. Flowers solitary or in short racemes of only two or three, fragrant, bumblebee-pollinated, borne in the leaf axils. Corolla cream-coloured, somewhat resembling that of Antirrhinum, the tube bearing faint violet striations, the upper part divided into two keel-like lips, the lower bearing paired inflated lobes, concealing the corolla tube, with a three-lobed margin; pistil violet, persistent, stamens four. Base of corolla bearing (starting behind inflated lobes and extending into corolla throat) a dense mat or beard of deep yellow trichomes. Calyx tubular, five-toothed, densely hairy. Peduncle narrow where joined to stem, thickening greatly to junction with fruiting calyx, reflexed so as to lie parallel to capsule. Fruit a dry capsule, glabrous, subglobose, shorter than the calyx and dehiscing at the apex by two openings separating three valves, the central valve bearing the persistent withered pistil. Seeds small, brownish-buff, roughly conical, testa finely incised with deep sinuous furrows. Seed distribution is by epizoochory, the sticky fruiting calyces becoming attached to the fur of mammals or the feathers of birds, allowing the small seeds to trickle from the dry, open capsules.[9]
A. procumbens is a semi-evergreen alpine chasmophyte, favouring partial shade, its preferred habitat being crevices in silica-rich, non-sedimentary rocks. This type of habitat - "Mediterranean siliceous inland cliff" - is designated by endangered habitat code H3.1d by the European Red List of Habitats. The term siliceous cliffs (in this context) refers to those which are composed chiefly of quartz-rich rocks (making them of an acidic character) of either igneous type, such as granite, diorite and andesite, or metamorphic type, such as gneiss, slate, schist and quartzite. Low-altitude cliffs of this type - as favoured by A. procumbens - are more affected by human disturbances than high mountain cliffs, as the latter often occur within nature reserves and other protected areas. Cliffs at low altitudes, by contrast, are susceptible to a wide variety of threats including the shoring-up of cliffs over roads and railway lines, sport and leisure activities -particularly rock-climbing - and, at lower elevations, mining, quarrying and invasive/alien plants.[10] In the French part of its range A. procumbens is seldom to be found growing at altitudes below 400m, with an upper limit of some 1800m.[9][11]
A. procumbens is not a common species in the French part of its range, even having protected status in the Auvergne region. Its strongholds in France comprise the Pyrénées-Orientales (taking in the Franco-Catalan area of historic Rousillon) and the Massif central - notably the Cévennes. In Spain the plant is native to the Pyrenean region, but may be found naturalised elsewhere.[9]
A. procumbens grows best in somewhat dry partial shade. Soil: well-drained, sandy/gravelly, humus-rich, moderately moist: dislikes excessive winter wetness. Blooms most profusely in climates in which summers are not excessively hot. Pollinated by bumblebees. Plant is evergreen in mild climates, although may be killed outright by heavy frost, in which case may be propagated afresh: self-seeds readily. Uses: trailing alpine or ground cover. Thrives and increases rapidly as a container plant. Not usually invasive in gardens, though one report of aggressive growth from southeastern U.S.A. [12] Pruning: not usually needed, though may be cut back in autumn if foliage is spent or untidy. Hardiness zone: U.K. H3. USDA zones 8,9 & 10.[13][14][12]
A. procumbens has escaped from cultivation to become an attractive (and not, at present, invasive) weed in the inner suburbs of the Australian city of Melbourne, managing to grow in such harsh urban habitats as cracks in the mortar of brick walls and kerbstones and the juncture between brick walls and tarmac. Such weedy populations are short-lived and do not produce abundant seed, because of the current absence of bumblebees from the Australian insect fauna (in its native habitats in France and Spain Asarina is buzz-pollinated by bumblebee species): the Australian native bees and introduced honeybees of Melbourne find Asarina flowers resistant to their attempts at pollination. This situation is, however, likely to change for the worse, should bumblebee species already present in neighbouring Tasmania cross the Bass Strait, in which case bumblebee-pollinated species - such as Asarina - hitherto considered "safe" (i.e. non-invasive) garden plants in the state of Victoria - would rapidly become invasive due to increased production of viable seed. Michael Cook hypothesises that the Asarina colonies currently observable in suburban Melbourne may be more the result of wind-blown drift of packaged seed sown by local gardeners than of the setting of seed by garden plants and plants maintaining a foothold as weeds. [15]
At one time placed in Asarina:[6]
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Colour plate from Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 1806
Specimen growing out of crevices in front wall of church grounds, Paxton, Scottish Borders
Detail of cascading stems of church gate specimen
Woody growth at top of specimen producing cascade of flowering stems
Mid-shot of woody growth and cascade of flowering stems
Detail of woody stems growing out of crevice in church gate wall.
Outlying plant growing between wall and tarmac at pavement level
Flowering shoot baring buds at varying stages of development and senescent flowers
Paired, slipper-shaped flower buds borne at a leaf node
Single flower, viewed from above, revealing purple dorsal stripe
Close-up of flower of Paxton specimen being pollinated by garden bumblebee,
Pollen-covered garden bumblebee, newly emerged from flower
Paired seed capsules, showing distinctive reflexed peduncles, borne at a node with paired opposite leaves
Single, ripening seed capsule, greatly enlarged: contrast between pubescent peduncle and calyx and glabrous capsule
Ripe, buff seed capsule (showing reflexed peduncle) dehiscing by three valves to reveal brain-like seeds
Detached, imperfectly dehisced, ripe seed capsule with shed seeds
Perfectly dehisced capsule detached to show three valves, central one bearing dry, persistent pistil
Asarina is a flowering plant genus of only one species, Asarina procumbens Mill. the trailing snapdragon, which is native to France and Spain and introduced in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary. Originally placed in the Scrophulariaceae (figwort family), the genus has more recently been moved to the Plantaginaceae (plantain family). Species from North America formerly placed in the genus Asarina are now placed in Holmgrenanthe, Lophospermum, Mabrya and Maurandya, as well as Neogaerrhinum. Asarina is now regarded as exclusively an Old World genus.
Asarina es un género con una sola especie (Asarina procumbens o Asarina cordifolia) (anteriormente 22, pero las variantes americanas han sido reclasificadas) de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia Plantaginaceae(antes Scrophulariaceae).[1] Se trata de una especie exclusiva del Viejo Mundo procedente de la zona pirenaica (aunque naturalizada en otros lugares, como las islas británicas).
Asarina es un género con una sola especie (Asarina procumbens o Asarina cordifolia) (anteriormente 22, pero las variantes americanas han sido reclasificadas) de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia Plantaginaceae(antes Scrophulariaceae). Se trata de una especie exclusiva del Viejo Mundo procedente de la zona pirenaica (aunque naturalizada en otros lugares, como las islas británicas).
Vaulat (Asarina) on naamakukkaiskasveihin (heimo Scrophulariaceae) kuuluva köynnöskasvisuku. Sen lajeja voidaan viljellä yksivuotisina koristekasveina.
Vaulat (Asarina) on naamakukkaiskasveihin (heimo Scrophulariaceae) kuuluva köynnöskasvisuku. Sen lajeja voidaan viljellä yksivuotisina koristekasveina.
Asarina est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Plantaginaceae selon la classification APG III.
Selon NCBI (29 déc. 2017)[1] :
Selon GRIN (29 déc. 2017) :
Asarina est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Plantaginaceae selon la classification APG III.
Łažawa lawica je rostlina ze swójby trudownikowych rostlinow (łaćonsce: Asarina procumbens, Scrophulariaceae).
Łažawa lawica je rostlina ze swójby trudownikowych rostlinow (łaćonsce: Asarina procumbens, Scrophulariaceae).
Asarina é um género botânico pertencente à família Plantaginaceae (anteriormente classificado na família das Scrophulariaceae).[1] Na sua actual configuração, o género é monotípico, incluindo apenas a espécie Asarina procumbens,[2] com distribuição natural restrita ao sul da Europa. As espécies da América do Norte anteriormente incluídas no género Asarina foram reposicionadas em Holmgrenanthe, Lophospermum, Mabrya e Maurandya,[3] bem como Neogaerrhinum. Asarina é actualmente consideradas como um género com distribuição natural restrita ao Velho Mundo.[4][5]
O género Asarina inclui presentemente apenas a espécie Asarina procumbens Mill. Contudo, ao longo das últimas décadas a delimitação deste género tem variado muito, e já teve incluídas as seguintes espécies:[3]
Asarina é um género botânico pertencente à família Plantaginaceae (anteriormente classificado na família das Scrophulariaceae). Na sua actual configuração, o género é monotípico, incluindo apenas a espécie Asarina procumbens, com distribuição natural restrita ao sul da Europa. As espécies da América do Norte anteriormente incluídas no género Asarina foram reposicionadas em Holmgrenanthe, Lophospermum, Mabrya e Maurandya, bem como Neogaerrhinum. Asarina é actualmente consideradas como um género com distribuição natural restrita ao Velho Mundo.
