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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Dewey, T. . "Esociformes" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esociformes.html
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Morphology

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Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry

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Dewey, T. . "Esociformes" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esociformes.html
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Esociformes

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The Esociformes (/ˈsɒsɪfɔːrmz/) are a small order of ray-finned fish, with two families, Umbridae and Esocidae. The pikes of genus Esox give the order its name.

This order is closely related to the Salmoniformes, the two comprising the superorder Protacanthopterygii, and are often included in their order. The esociform fishes first appeared in the mid-Cretaceous — early products of the Euteleostei radiation of that time. Today, they are found in weed-choked freshwater habitats in North America and northern Eurasia.

Esocidae

The three extant esocid genera (Esox, Novumbra, and Dallia) together comprise a holarctic distribution. Two additional genera have been described from fossils dating to the Cretaceous of North America.[1]

Umbridae

Umbra remains the only extant species in this family, and can be found in eastern North America and Europe. Three additional genera have been described from fossils dating from the Paleocene of Europe; however, genetic studies on the extant species of Umbra have recovered a split between the North American and European species dating to the Late Cretaceous and earliest half of the Paleogene.[2]

Relationships

While the family Esocidae traditionally only contained the genus Esox, recent genetic and paleontological research have recovered Novumbra and Dallia as members of the family Esocidae, being closer related to Esox than Umbra. Umbra is the only remaining extant species in Umbridae.[2] Various fossils have been described as members of Esociformes and are placed on the following tree accordingly.

Esociformes Esocidae

Esox Esox lucius1.jpg

Novumbra Novumbra oregonensis.png

Dallia Dallia pectoralis (line art).jpg

Oldmanesox

Estesesox

Umbridae

Boltyshia

PalaeoesoxPalaeoesox fritzschei.jpg

Proumbra

Umbra Umbra krameri Lápi póc.jpg

References

  1. ^ Wilson, M.; Brinkman, D.; Neuman, A. (1992). "Cretaceous Esocoidei (Teleostei): early radiation of the pikes in North American fresh waters". Journal of Paleontology. 66 (5): 839–846. doi:10.1017/S0022336000020849. S2CID 132270276.
  2. ^ a b Marić, Saša; Stanković, David; Wanzenböck, Josef; Šanda, Radek; Erős, Tibor; Takács, Péter; Specziár, András; Sekulić, Nenad; Bănăduc, Doru; Ćaleta, Marko; Trombitsky, Ilya (May 2017). "Phylogeography and population genetics of the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) with a time-calibrated phylogeny for the family Umbridae". Hydrobiologia. 792 (1): 151–168. doi:10.1007/s10750-016-3051-9. ISSN 0018-8158. S2CID 254550945.
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Esociformes: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The Esociformes (/ˈiːsɒsɪfɔːrmiːz/) are a small order of ray-finned fish, with two families, Umbridae and Esocidae. The pikes of genus Esox give the order its name.

This order is closely related to the Salmoniformes, the two comprising the superorder Protacanthopterygii, and are often included in their order. The esociform fishes first appeared in the mid-Cretaceous — early products of the Euteleostei radiation of that time. Today, they are found in weed-choked freshwater habitats in North America and northern Eurasia.

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