Bibio articles - Encyclopedia of Life

Bibio (fly)

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Bibio femoratus - March Fly

Bibio, March flies or St. Mark's flies, is a genus of flies (Diptera).

Biology

Bibio larvae live in grassy areas and are herbivores and scavengers feeding on dead vegetation or living plant roots. Some species are found in compost.^[1]

In some areas, Bibio flies are regular flower visitors and they are suggested to be pollinators of several plant species,^[2]^[3] such as hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella).^[4]

Bibio flies also show strong sexual dichotomy, with males and females having significant differences in body morphology.

Species

B. abbreviatus Loew, 1864^[5]
B. acaptus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. acerbus Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. acutifidis Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. albagulus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. albipennis Say, 1823
B. alexanderi James, 1936
B. alienus McAtee, 1923^[8]
B. anasiformis Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. anglicus Verrall, 1869
B. anposis Hardy, 1968^[9]
B. articulatus Say, 1823
B. atrigigas Fitzgerald, 1997^[10]
B. atripilosa James, 1936
B. baltimoricus Macquart, 1855
B. basalis Loew, 1864^[5]
B. biconcavus Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. borisi Fitzgerald, 1997^[10]
B. brunnipes (Fabricius, 1794)
B. bryanti Johnson, 1929
B. carnificus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. carolinus Hardy, 1945
B. carri Curran, 1927
B. castanipes Jaennicke, 1867
B. chelostylus Fitzgerald, 1997^[10]
B. chiapensis Fitzgerald, 1997^[10]
B. claviantenna Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. clavipes Meigen, 1818
B. cognatus Hardy, 1937
B. columbiaensis Hardy, 1938
B. constringutus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. contererus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. crassinodus Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. cruciformis Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. cuneatus Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. curtipes James, 1936
B. deflectus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. dipetalus Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. discerptus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. dolichotarsus Yang, 1997^[11]
B. dormitus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. echinulatus Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. elmoi Papp, 1982
B. emphysetarsus Yang, 1997^[11]
B. enormus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. femoralis Meigen, 1838
B. femoraspinatus Yang, 1997^[11]
B. femoratus Wiedemann, 1820
B. ferruginatus (Linnaeus, 1767)
B. flavissimus Brunetti, 1925
B. fluginata Hardy, 1937
B. flukei Hardy, 1937
B. fraternus Loew, 1864^[5]
B. fulvicollis Gimmerthal, 1842
B. fumipennis Walker, 1848
B. gineri Gil Collado, 1932
B. graecus Duda, 1930
B. handlirschi Duda, 1930
B. hirtus Loew, 1864^[5]
B. holtii McAtee, 1922^[8]
B. hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
B. illaudatus Hardy, 1961
B. imitator Walker, 1835
B. imparilis Hardy, 1959
B. inacqualis Loew, 1864^[5]
B. johannis (Linnaeus, 1767)
B. kansensis James, 1936
B. knowltoni Hardy, 1937
B. labradorensis Johnson, 1929
B. lanigerus Meigen, 1818
B. latiantennatus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. laufferi Strobl, 1906
B. lautaretensis Villeneuve, 1925
B. lepidus Loew, 1871
B. leucopterus (Meigen, 1804)
B. lobata Hardy, 1937
B. longipes Loew, 1864^[5]
B. lugens Loew, 1864^[5]
B. macer Loew, 1871
B. marci (Linnaeus, 1758)
B. medioalbus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. melanopilosus Hardy, 1936
B. mickeli Hardy, 1937
B. monstri James, 1936
B. nebulosus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. necotus Hardy, 1937
B. nervosus Loew, 1864^[5]
B. nigrifemoratus Hardy, 1937
B. nigripilus Loew, 1864
B. nigripilus Loew, 1864^[5]
B. nigriventris Haliday, 1833
B. obediens Osten Sacken, 1881
B. obscurus Loew, 1864^[5]
B. painteri James, 1936
B. pallipes Say, 1823
B. picinitarsis Brulle, 1832
B. pingreensis James, 1936
B. plecioides Osten Sacken, 1881
B. pomonae (Fabricius, 1775)
B. praecidus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. reticulatus Loew, 1846
B. rufalipes Hardy, 1937
B. rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1838)
B. rufithorax Wiedemann, 1828
B. rufitibialis Hardy, 1938
B. sericata Hardy, 1937
B. shaanxiensis Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. siculus Loew, 1846
B. siebkei Mik, 1887
B. sierrae Hardy, 1960
B. similis Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. similis James, 1936
B. slossonae Cockerell, 1909
B. soldatus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. striatipes Walker, 1848
B. tenella Hardy, 1937
B. tenuis Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. thoracicus Say, 1824
B. townesi Hardy, 1945
B. tripus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. tristis Williston, 1893
B. utahensis Hardy, 1937
B. variabilis Loew, 1864^[5]
B. variicolor Yang & Luo, 1989^[7]
B. varipes Meigen, 1830
B. velcida Hardy, 1937
B. velorum McAtee, 1923^[8]
B. venosus (Meigen, 1804)
B. vestitus Walker, 1848
B. villosus Meigen, 1818
B. vixdus Durrenfeldt, 1968^[6]
B. xanthopus Wiedemann, 1828
B. xuthopteron Hardy, 1968^[9]

References

^ Freeman, Paul; Lane, Richard P. (1985). "Bibionid and Scatopsid flies, Diptera: Bibionidae & Scatopsidae". Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 9 (7): 74. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Peter Goldblatt; John C. Manning & Peter Bernhardt (July 2005). "The Floral Biology of Melasphaerula (Iridaceae: Crocoideae): Is This Monotypic Genus Pollinated by March Flies (Diptera: Bibionidae)?". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 92 (2): 268–274. JSTOR 3298518. INIST:16975891.
^ Flies and flowers II: Floral attractants and rewards Woodcock et al. (2014) Journal of Pollination Ecology 12:63-94
^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Loew, Hermann (1864). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria quinta". Berl. Entomol. Z. 8 (1–2): 49–104. doi:10.1002/mmnd.18640080105. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Durrenfeldt, A. (1968). "Dipteren aus dem Oberpliozan von Willershausen". Beih. Ber. Naturhist. Ges. Hannover. 6: 43–81.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Yang, C.-k.; Luo, K. (1989). "New species and new records of March flies from Shaanxi, China (Diptera: Bibionidae)". Entomotaxonomia. 11: 141–156.
^ ^a ^b ^c McAtee, W. L. (1923). "Descriptions of Bibio (Diptera) from the Carolinas". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 25: 62–64. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b Hardy, D. E. (1968). "Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea" (PDF). Pacific Insects. 10 (3–4): 443–513. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Fitzgerald, Scott J. (1997). "A revision of Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae) of Mexico and Central America". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 123 (4): 225–287.
^ ^a ^b ^c Yang, C.-k. (1997). Diptera: Bibionidae. Pp. 1441-1447. In Yang, X. (ed.), Insects of the Three Gorge Reservoir area of Yangtze River. Part 2. Chongqing: Chongqing Publ. House. pp. [4]+x+975–1847+[1].

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Bibio

Bibio (fly)

Biology

Species

References

Bibio (fly): Brief Summary