Cerithium zonatum (W. Wood 1828)

Cerithium zonatum (Wood, 1828)

?Ctrithium heteroclites Lamarck, 1822:74 [holotype: MHNG 109733; type locality: Nouvelle Hollande (Australia), 33 mm].

Strombus zonatus Wood, 1828:34, pl. 4: fig. 7 [type not located; type locality: not given; neotype herein designated: USNM 862848, Bandicoot Bay, Barrow Id, Western Australia, 25.2 mm × 10.2 mm,].—Hanky, 1856:215, pl. 4: fig. 7.

Cerithium lemniscatum Quoy and Gaimard, 1834:119–120, pl. 54: figs. 16–18 [holotype: MNHNP, no number; type locality: Vanikoro; not Cerithium lemniscatum Brongniart, 1823].—Kiener, 1842:42–46, pl. 16: fig. 4.— Sowerby, 1855:873, pl. 183: fig. 187; 1865, pl. 5: fig. 27a,b.—Tryon, 1887:135, pl. 24: fig. 38.—Kobelt, 1893:116–117, pl. 22: figs. 10, 11.

Cerithium luctuosum Hombron and Jacquinot, 1852, pl. 23: figs. 12, 13; 1854:99 [holotype, MNHNP, no number, type locality: Raffles Bay, Singapore].—Tryon, 1887:135, pl. 25: fig. 56.

Cerithium millepunclatum Hombron and Jacquinot, 1852, pl. 24: figs. 13, 14 [holotype: MNHNP, no number; type locality: Hogoleu; 21 mm × 8.2 mm; not Cerithium millepunclatum Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842]; 1854:103– 104.—Tryon, 1887:136, pl. 25: fig. 60.—Kobelt, 1898:277–278. pl. 47: fig. 5.

Cerithium alternatum Sowerby, 1855:872, pl. 179: fig. 70 [lectotype, herein selected: BMNH 19861671, 2 paralectotypes 19861672–3; type locality: Ticao Id, Philippines; 34.2 mm × 13.38 mm; not Cerithium alternatum Hutton, 1873]; 1865, pl.4: fig. 22.—Tryon, 1887:135, pl. 25: figs. 48–50.—Kobelt, 1895:191, pl. 35: figs. 2, 3.

Cerithium splendens Sowerby, 1855:873, pl. 183: fig. 191 [lectotype: BMNH 19071028103; type locality: Philippines, herein restricted to Bohol; 36.4mm × 14.28 mm]; 1865, pl. 3: fig. 19.—Tryon, 1887:135, pl. 25: figs. 51–53.—Kobelt, 1893:125–126, pl. 24: fig. 1.

Cerithium lesselatum Sowerby, 1855:867, pl. 181: figs. 134, 135 [lectotype, herein selected: BMNH 19861841; 2 paralectotypes 19861842-3; type locality: Damlcy's Id, Australia; 20.8 mm × 10 mm]; 1865, pl. 10: fig. 66.—Tryon, 1887:127, pl. 22: fig. 59.—Kobelt. 1895:195, pl. 35: fig. 11.—Cernohorsky, 1972:71, pl. 16: fig. 8.

Cerithium Hanleyi [sic] Sowerby, 1855:874. pl. 183: fig. 194 [erroneously cited as fig. 193; holotype: BMNH, 19071028221; type locality: not cited, herein restricted to Cebu, Philippines; 14 × 6.4 mm].—Tryon, 1887:135, pl. 24: fig. 42.—Kobelt, 1898:239. pl. 42: fig. 3.—Dance, 1974:67, text fig.

Cerithium gemma Sowerby, 1855:873, pl. 178: fig. 51 [lectotype, herein selected: BMNH 19861721, 1 paralectotype 19861722; type locality: Luzon; 17.8 mm × 6.78 mm]; 1865, pl. 10: fig. 70.—Tryon, 1887:134, pl. 24: fig. 41.—Kobelt, 1895:215, pl. 38: fig. 7.

Cerithium nitidum Sowerby, 1855:872, pl. 183: figs. 180, 181 [lectotype, herein selected: BMNH 19861751, 2 paralectotypes 19861752-3; type locality: Bohol, Philippines; 25.2 mm × 10.4 mm; not Cerithium nitidum MacAndrew and Forbes, 1847; not Cerithium nitidum Hombron and Jacquinot, 1852; nor Cerithium nitidum Zekeli, 1852]; 1865, pl. 5: fig. 28.—Tryon, 1887:135, pl. 25: fig. 54.—Kobelt, 1895:190.

Cerithium purpurascens Sowerby, 1855:872, pl. 183: figs. 182–186 [lectotype, herein selected: BMNH 19861761, 1 paralectotype 19861762; type locality: Philippines; 21.86 mm × 9.82 mm]; 1865, pl. 6: fig. 36.

Cerithium asperum Pease, 1861:433 [holotype: BMNH, 1961203; type locality: Sandwich Is; 15 mm × 7 mm; not Cerithium asperum Bruguière, 1792, nor Cerithium asperum Rouillier. 1848].—Kobelt, 1895:198, pl. 35: fig. 16.—Dautzenberg and Bouge. 1933:304.—Kay. 1965:47. pl. 5: figs. 11, 12.

Cerithium robustum Sowerby, 1865, pl. 7: fig. 44 [holotype: BMNH. 1986183; type locality: Panay, Philippines; 35.3 mm × 14.5 mm].—Tryon, 1887:135, pl. 25: fig. 50.—Kobelt. 1893:118–119, pl. 23: fig. 1.

Cerithium gentile Bayle, 1880:248 [new name for Cerithium nitidum Sowerby, 1855].—Kobelt, 1895:190. pl. 35: fig. 1.

Cerithium traillii kikaiensis Pilsbry, 1904:25, pl. 4: fig. 38 [holotype: ANSP 86001, type locality: Kikai, Osumi, Japan; 15.8 mm × 6.8 mm].

Cerithium philippinense Cossmann, 1906:123, footnote [new name for Cerithium lemniscatum Quoy and Gaimard, 1834].

Cerithium probleema Iredale, 1929:270 [new name for Cerithium lemniscatum Quoy and Gaimard, 1834]; 1930:78.

Clypeomorus zonatus (Wood).—Cemohorsky, 1972:71, pl. 16: fig. 9, 9a.—Springsteen and Leobrera, 1986:63, fig. 5.

Cerithium (Cerithium) lenellum Sowerby.—Springsteen and Leobrera, 1986:63, fig. 10 [not Cerithium lenellum Sowerby, 1855; is Cerithium zonatum (Wood, 1828)].

DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figures 141, 142): Shell turreted, elongate, comprising up to 12 inflated, angulate whorls and reaching 35 mm length and 14.3 mm width. Protoconch (Figure 141F) small, comprising 2 whorls; protoconch 1 smooth, bulbous; protoconch 2 weakly sculptured with three weak spiral threads, weak subsutural pustules, and with sinusigeral notch. Early teleoconch whorls (Figure 141H) convex, with broad, sloping, subsutural ramp, and sculptured with 2 spiral cords and many microscopic, spiral incised lines; strong axial ribs appearing after third whorl. Adult teleoconch whorls usually angulate, sculptured with 3 or 4, major spiral cords becoming beaded or spinose where crossed by 11–50 weak axial ribs; spiral cord at whorl periphery largest and with strongest beads or spines. Interspaces between cords with fine spiral lirae and many fine spiral incised lines. Periphery of last three whorls usually most spinose. Weak varices randomly distributed. Suture distinct, incised, wavy. Body whorl large, sculptured with 5, sometimes 6 beaded to spinose, major, spiral cords and with smaller beaded cords in interspaces. Body whorl tessellate when cord development more equal and less spinose. Moderate varix on body whorl opposite outer lip of aperture. Base of body whorl not excavated; moderately to weakly constricted and with short, tubular anterior siphonal canal weakly reflected dorsally to left of shell axis. Aperture ovate, a little more than one-third the shell length. Anal canal well developed, bordered with parietal columellar plait. Columella concave, thick with moderate columellar lip. Outer lip of aperture slightly thickened at edge, sharply crenulate, and with internal spiral grooves. Shell color highly variable, with white background, overlain by tan to brown blotches and having spiral rows of brown spots and alternating broad brown and white spiral bands. Aperture white, but upper columella frequently violet or mauve. Measurements (Table 45). Periostracum thin, tan.

Radula (Figure 143): Type-1 radular ribbon (Figure 3A). Rachidian tooth (Figure 143D) triangular, with long, median, posterior, basal projection and pair of basal ridges on basal plate; anterior edge slightly concave at center and cutting edge with large, spade-shaped, main cusp flanked on each side by 2 small denticles. Lateral tooth (Figure 143D) with long, broad, posteriorly projecting, median buttress having small central pustule, and with long, lateral, posterior projection on basal plate; cutting edge with large, pointed main cusp, one inner-flanking denticle, and 2 outer-flanking denticles. Marginal teeth (Figure 143B,D) with narrow shafts, broader at bases and with curved, serrated tips. Inner marginal tooth with long main cusp, 3 inner-flanking denticles, and 2 outer-flanking denticles. Outer marginal tooth same, but lacking outer-flanking denticles.

Anatomy: Animal flesh-colored to orange, flecked with yellow and black blotches and striped with black on snout and tentacles. Mantle edge orange and black and fringed with many minute cream-colored papillae. Mantle papillae around inhalant siphon darker. Mantle surface orange, with brown stripes.

Osphradium black, equal in length to ctenidium. Ctenidium gray, narrow with long finger-like filaments. Hypobranchial gland wide, thick, folded transversely, and secreting copious mucus.

Salivary glands comprised of thin, convoluted tubes passing through nerve ring. Esophageal gland of moderate size.

Type-B palliai oviduct (Figure 4B) with short anterior sperm gutter (Figure 144, sg) leading to anterior opening of spermatophore bursa (Figure 144, osb) and large spermatophore bursa (Figure 144, sb). Sperm gutter continues (Figure 144, sg2) behind opening to spermatophore bursa, opening medianly (Figure 144, osr) into pink, sac-like posterior seminal receptacle in edge of posterior medial lamina (Figure 144, psr). Lateral lamina (Figure 144, ll) thin-walled, with opening at anterior edge of lamina leading into anterior seminal receptacle, an elongate narrow pouch (Figure 144, asr).

SYNONYMIC

Cerithium zonatum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae.