Blackbrush Acacia

Acacia rigidula (lat. Acacia rigidula) - paxlakimilər fəsiləsinin akasiya cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə

Vachellia rigidula, commonly known as blackbrush acacia or chaparro prieto, and also known as Acacia rigidula, is a species of shrub or small tree in the legume family, Fabaceae. Its native range stretches from Texas in the United States south to central Mexico.^[3] This perennial is not listed as being threatened.^[4] It reaches a height of 5–15 feet (1.5–4.6 m).^[5] Blackbrush acacia grows on limestone hillsides and canyons.^[6]

Phytochemistry

A phytochemical study of V. rigidula^[7] by workers at the Texas A & M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, TX, reported the presence of over forty alkaloids, including low amounts (up to around 15 ppm) of several phenolic amines that had previously been found by the same research group in the related species Senegalia berlandieri,^[8] but which otherwise are known only as products of laboratory synthesis. Compounds found in the highest concentrations (ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand ppm) were phenethylamine, tryptamine, tyramine, and β-Methylphenethylamine (that it can be misidentified as amphetamine).^[9] Other notable compounds reported were N,N-dimethyltryptamine, mescaline, and nicotine, although these were found in low concentrations (e.g. mescaline at 3-28 ppm).

The presence of such an unprecedented chemical range of psychoactive compounds, including ones not previously found in nature, in a single plant species has led to the suggestion that some of these findings may have resulted from cross-contamination or were possibly artifacts of the analytical technique.^[10]

Uses

Vachellia rigidula is used in weight loss dietary supplements because of the presence of chemical compounds claimed to stimulate beta-receptors to increase lipolysis and metabolic rate and decrease appetite.^[11]

Vachellia rigidula is also known as a large honey producer and early blooming plant for its native region.^[5]

Safety

In 2015, 52% of supplements labeled as containing Acacia rigidula were found to be adulterated with synthetic BMPEA, an amphetamine isomer.^[12] Consumers following recommended maximum daily servings would consume a maximum of 94 mg of BMPEA per day.^[12] In 2012, however, the FDA determined that BMPEA was not naturally present in Acacia rigidula leaves.^[13]

Gallery

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  Seeds

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  Foliage

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  Bark

References

Écorce

Feuillage

Vachellia rigidula est une espèce végétale de la famille des Fabaceae. Ce petit arbre a une aire de répartition naturelle qui s'étend du Texas (Sud des États-Unis) jusqu'au centre du Mexique^[4]. Cette plante vivace est étroitement liée à l'A. berlandieri mais n'est pas répertoriée comme étant menacée^[5]. Il peut atteindre une hauteur de 15 pieds (4,572 m)^[6]. Ce Vachellia pousse sur sols calcaires^[7].

Graines

Chimie

Un article de 1998 du journal Phytochemistry indique que les feuilles et l'écorce d'Acacia rigidula (synonyme de Vachellia rigidula) contiennent 40 alcaloïdes et amines^[8], incluant :

• 3,4,5-dihydroxy-phényléthylamine (mescaline déméthylée)^[9]
• méthamphétamine
• anhalamine^[9]
• bêta-méthyl-phényléthylamine^[9]
• catéchine^[9]
• diméthyltryptamine – 323.8 ppm au printemps, 568.4 ppm à l'automne^[8]
• fisétine^[9]
• hordénine^[9]
• mescaline^[9]
• N-méthyltryptamine – 4.6 ppm au printemps, 54.9 ppm à l'automne^[8]
• nicotine^[9]
• nornicotine^[9]
• phényléthylamine^[9] – 2314.6 ppm au printemps, 5264.8 ppm à l'automne^[8]
• quercétine^[9]
• tyramine^[9]
• tryptamine – 0.8 ppm au printemps, 21.2 ppm à l'automne^[8]

Ces résultats n'ont jamais été confirmés ou discutés et sont considérés par certains comme improbables. Certaines des phényléthylamines apparemment trouvées étaient auparavant considérées comme inexistantes dans la nature et leur découverte aurait été tout à fait révolutionnaire. Cependant les auteurs de l'étude de 1998 n'ont répondu à aucune demande écrite^[10].

Utilisations

Il entre dans la composition de compléments alimentaires visant à la perte de poids du fait de ses amines stimulant les récepteurs beta-adrénergiques pour augmenter la lipolyse et le taux métabolique et pour diminuer l'appétit^[11].

Notes et références

Acacia rigidula é uma espécie de leguminosa do gênero Acacia, pertencente à família Fabaceae.^[2]

Referências

Bibliografia

• Orchard, Anthony E.; Wilson, Annette J.G. (2001). Flora of Australia. Volume 11A, Mimosaceae, Acacia part 1. Melbourne: CSIRO. pp. x–. ISBN 9780643067172
• Clement, B.A., Goff, C.M., Forbes, T.D.A. Toxic Amines and Alkaloids from Acacia rigidula, Phytochem. 1998, 49(5), 1377.
• Alexander Shulgin; Ann Shulgin, Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved, ISBN 978-0-9630096-9-2 (em inglês), OCLC 38503252, OL 26378027M, Wikidata Q2367117