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Kikuyu Grass

Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone

Physical Description

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Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stolons or runners present, Stems trailing, spreading or prostrate, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems mat or turf forming, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stems branching above base or distally at nodes, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf sheath enlarged, inflated or distended, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule a fringe of hairs, Inflorescence lateral or axillary, Inflorescence a dense slender spike-like panicle or raceme, branches contracted, Inflorescence solitar y, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence spike linear or cylindric, several times longer than wide, Inflorescence single raceme, fascicle or spike, Rachis dilated, flat, central axis to which spikelets are attached, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Inflorescence or spikelets partially hidden in leaf sheaths, subtended by spatheole, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets 1-4 in short bristly fascicles, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets falling with parts of disarticulating rachis or pedicel, Spikelets in bur-like clusters or fascicles with fused bracts, bristles or spines, Spikelets all subtended by bristles, Spikelet bristles 4-many, Spikelet bracts or bristles disarticulating with spikelet, Glumes completely absent or reduced to cuplike str ucture, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 1 clearly present, the other greatly reduced or absent, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma 8-15 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 1, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
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Kikoejoegras ( Afrikaans )

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Kikoejoegras (Pennisetum clandestinum) is 'n robuuste, kruipende, meerjarige gras met dik, kort, gelitte wortelstokke (risome) en bogrondse ranke. Dit het heldergroen blare wat 'n digte grasmat vorm. Naas grasperke word dit ook vir landboudoeleindes gebruik, omdat dit 'n hoë voedingswaarde het. Kikoejoegras kom oorspronklik uit die tropiese, oostelike deel van Afrika en is na die Kikoejoe-bevolking van Kenia vernoem.[1]

Kikoejoe is 'n aggressiewe indringer in weivelde, oeslande en natuurgebiede, veral nat kusgebiede, strome en vleilande. Dit versprei vinnig deur lang wortelstamme wat uitlopers produseer. Die gras skei chemikalieë af wat ander plante in die nabyheid vernietig. Dit bedreig ook die natuurlike plantegroei deur versmoring.

Dit is moeilik om kikoejoe uit te roei, omdat die uitlopers wat agterbly weer begin groei. Vir die rede moet dit verkieslik met 'n onkruiddoder vergiftig word alvorens dit uitgegrawe word. Om die verspreiding daarvan te bekamp, moet tuinvullis met grasuitlopers nie in oop spasies (soos leë erwe, sypaadjies, afvoerpype en natuurgebiede) gegooi word nie.[2]

Suid-Afrika

 src=
'n Kikoejoe-grasperk

Kikoejoegras is vir grasperke en weiding na Suid-Afrika gebring. Dit is volgens legende deur genl. Jan Smuts laat invoer nadat hy diens in Oos-Afrika gedoen het. Die vroegste artikel oor dié gras verskyn in die Farmers Weekly van 23 Mei 1917. Volgens 'n brief van prof. J.D. Scott (landboudepartement van die Universiteit van Natal), wat op 5 Desember 1979 in die Farmers Weekly verskyn het, het 'n ene mnr. David Forbes die gras in 1908 in die land ingebring. Teen 1917 is 2000 sakke gras oor Suid-Afrika versprei. Dit is vandag een van die gewildste grassoorte in die land.[3]

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Kikoejoe kan met uitlopers en saad versprei

Daar is hoofsaaklik twee kultivars in Suid-Afrika. Die algemene een is 'n nie-saaddraende gras en staan as die plaaslike of gewone kultivar bekend. Die Whittet-kultivar produseer wel saad wat vryelik in die saadhandel beskikbaar is.

Kikoejoe groei op sy beste in die somer. In die Wes-Kaap is dit egter nie 'n goeie keuse vir grasperke nie, omdat dit gereeld tydens die somermaande natgelei moet word wanneer daar dikwels waterbeperkings is.

Verwysings

  1. Wat is die produksie en drakrag van kikoejoe?, Landbouweekblad, besoek op 29 Julie 2015
  2. Kenmerke van kikoejoegras, Omgewingshulpbron-bestuursdepartement van die Stad Kaapstad en die Botaniese Vereniging van Suid-Afrika (die bron laat die gebruik en reproduseer van hulle materiaal onder voorwaardes toe)
  3. Gewilde kikoejoe kom uit Oos-Afrika, Beeld, 31 Januarie 1997

Eksterne skakels

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Kikoejoegras: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Kikoejoegras (Pennisetum clandestinum) is 'n robuuste, kruipende, meerjarige gras met dik, kort, gelitte wortelstokke (risome) en bogrondse ranke. Dit het heldergroen blare wat 'n digte grasmat vorm. Naas grasperke word dit ook vir landboudoeleindes gebruik, omdat dit 'n hoë voedingswaarde het. Kikoejoegras kom oorspronklik uit die tropiese, oostelike deel van Afrika en is na die Kikoejoe-bevolking van Kenia vernoem.

Kikoejoe is 'n aggressiewe indringer in weivelde, oeslande en natuurgebiede, veral nat kusgebiede, strome en vleilande. Dit versprei vinnig deur lang wortelstamme wat uitlopers produseer. Die gras skei chemikalieë af wat ander plante in die nabyheid vernietig. Dit bedreig ook die natuurlike plantegroei deur versmoring.

Dit is moeilik om kikoejoe uit te roei, omdat die uitlopers wat agterbly weer begin groei. Vir die rede moet dit verkieslik met 'n onkruiddoder vergiftig word alvorens dit uitgegrawe word. Om die verspreiding daarvan te bekamp, moet tuinvullis met grasuitlopers nie in oop spasies (soos leë erwe, sypaadjies, afvoerpype en natuurgebiede) gegooi word nie.

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Pana qachu ( Quechua )

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Pana qachu,[1] Ch'iki[2] icha Tipi[2] (Pennisetum clandestinum; Aphrikapi kikuyu) nisqaqa huk qachu yuram, anchata mast'arispa miraykuq rikch'am, chakrakunapi yurakunata ithichiq, Awya Yalapi musuq yuram, Aphrikamanta apamusqa.

Pukyukuna

  1. Louis Girault: Kallawaya - guérisseurs itinérants des Andes. Recherches sur les pratiques médicinales et magiques. Paris 1984.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Jeffery W. Bentley, Silvio Nina & Salomón Pérez (2001): Ethnobotany of Weeds in Cochabamba. (en) (es).

Hawa t'inkikuna

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Pana qachu: Brief Summary ( Quechua )

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Pana qachu, Ch'iki icha Tipi (Pennisetum clandestinum; Aphrikapi kikuyu) nisqaqa huk qachu yuram, anchata mast'arispa miraykuq rikch'am, chakrakunapi yurakunata ithichiq, Awya Yalapi musuq yuram, Aphrikamanta apamusqa.

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Umucaca ( Kinyarwanda )

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 src=
Umucaca

Umucaca (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Pennisetum clandestinum) ni ikimera.

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Cenchrus clandestinus

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The tropical grass species Cenchrus clandestinus (previously Pennisetum clandestinum) is known by several common names, most often Kikuyu grass, as it is native to the highland regions of East Africa that is home to the Kikuyu people. Because of its rapid growth and aggressive nature, it is categorised as a noxious weed in some regions.[2][3] However, it is also a popular garden lawn species in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the southern region of California in the United States, as it is inexpensive and moderately drought-tolerant. In addition, it is useful as pasture for livestock grazing and serves as a food source for many avian species, including the long-tailed widowbird.[4] The flowering culms are very short and "hidden" amongst the leaves, giving this species its specific epithet (clandestinus).

Description and habitat

Cenchrus clandestinus is a rhizomatous grass with matted roots and a grass-like or herbaceous habit. The leaves are green, flattened or upwardly folded along the midrib, 10–150 mm (0.39–5.91 in) long, and 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) wide. The apex of the leaf blade is obtuse.[5]

It occurs in sandy soil and reaches a height of between 70 and 150 millimetres (2.8 and 5.9 in). The species favours moist areas and frequently becomes naturalised from introduction as a cultivated alien.[6] Rooted nodes send up bunches of grass blades. It is native to the low-elevation tropics of Kenya and environs, where it grows best in humid heat, such as the wet coastal areas.

The description of this species was published by Emilio Chiovenda in 1903, and acknowledges an earlier, invalid, description made by C. F. Hochstetter.[7]

As an invasive species

It has been introduced across Africa, Asia, Australia, the Americas, and the Pacific, where it is subject to eradication through management practices.[8] The ease of cultivation, and the thickly matting habit, have made this species desirable for use as a lawn. In southern California in the United States, the grass is commonly used on golf courses since it is drought resistant and creates challenging rough. The famed Riviera Country Club and Torrey Pines Golf Course both use this grass and host tournaments on the PGA Tour. Other minor golf courses in southern California have Kikuyu grass, many are in Long Beach: Lakewood, Skylinks, Big recreation, Little recreation, El Dorado, San Luis Obispo CC, and others.

The aggressive colonisation of natural habitat has resulted in this grass becoming naturalised in regions such as Southwest Australia.[6][8] It has high invasive potential due to its elongate rhizomes and stolons, with which it penetrates the ground, rapidly forming dense mats, and suppressing other plant species.[4] It grows from a thick network of rhizomatous roots and sends out stolons which extend along the ground.

It can climb over other plant life, shading it out and producing herbicidal toxins that kill competing plants.[2] It prevents new sprouts of other species from growing, may kill small trees and can choke ponds and waterways. It is resistant to mowing and grazing due to its strong network of roots, which easily send up new shoots. It springs up in turfs and lawns and can damage buildings by growing in the gaps between stones and tiles. The plant is easily introduced to new areas on plowing and digging machinery, which may transfer bits of the rhizome in soil clumps. While the grass spreads well via vegetative reproduction from pieces of rhizome, it is also dispersed via seed. Rhizomes that have reached very hard-to-reach places will continue to grow as separate plants if they are snapped off during the attempted removal process.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pennisetum clandestinum.
Wikispecies has information related to Cenchrus clandestinus.
  1. ^ "Cenchrus clandestinus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Pennisetum clandestinum (General Impact)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
  3. ^ "Pennisetum clandestinum". National Weeds Strategy. Archived from the original on 4 August 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
  4. ^ a b Wolff, M. A. (1999). Winning the War of Weeds: The Essential Gardener's Guide to Weed Identification and Control. Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-86417-993-6.
  5. ^ Clayton, W. D.; Vorontsova, M.; Harman, K. T.; Williamson, H. (28 January 2008). "Pennisetum clandestinum". GrassBase. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  7. ^ Hochstetter, C.F. ex Chiovenda, E. (1903) Annuario R. Istituto Botanico di Roma 8: 41, Fig. S/2 [tax. nov.]
  8. ^ a b "Pennisetum clandestinum (Management)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
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Cenchrus clandestinus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The tropical grass species Cenchrus clandestinus (previously Pennisetum clandestinum) is known by several common names, most often Kikuyu grass, as it is native to the highland regions of East Africa that is home to the Kikuyu people. Because of its rapid growth and aggressive nature, it is categorised as a noxious weed in some regions. However, it is also a popular garden lawn species in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the southern region of California in the United States, as it is inexpensive and moderately drought-tolerant. In addition, it is useful as pasture for livestock grazing and serves as a food source for many avian species, including the long-tailed widowbird. The flowering culms are very short and "hidden" amongst the leaves, giving this species its specific epithet (clandestinus).

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Pennisetum clandestinum ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Pennisetum clandestinum es una especie perenne tropical de Poaceae con varios nombres comunes, kikuyo, quicuyo, grama gruesa, pasto africano, que proviene de la región de África Oriental, hogar de la nación Kĩkũyũ. Posee rápido crecimiento y agresividad, por lo que se lo categoriza como una maleza en algunas regiones.[1]​ Sin embargo, es también un pasto popular de céspedes en Australia y en Sudáfrica debido a su baratura y tolerancia a sequía.[2]​ Además es muy usada como pastura de ganadería, con calidad baja, pero muy rica en proteína.[3]

 src=
Detalle
 src=
Pasto

Descripción

Posee matas de hojas laminares, bien angostas y de 11 a 15 cm de longitud; alcanzando como planta 10 a 13 dm de altura.[4]

Tiene alto potencial invasivo debido a sus agresivos rizomas y estolones, con los que penetra la tierra, formando rápidamente densas matas, y suprimiendo a otras especies.[3]​ Puede trepar sobre otras plantas, sombreándolas, y además produce toxinas herbicidas que matan otras plantas competitivas. Puede matar hasta pequeños árboles, y sobrevivir aun en charcas y corrientes.[cita requerida] Es resistente al pisoteo y al pastoreo, debido a su fuerte red de raíces, que fácilmente crea renovales aéreos de tallos. Se dispersa por trozos de rizomas y por semilla.[cita requerida] Se establece a partir de trozos de estolones plantados a 5 × 5 dm.

Distribución natural y carácter invasor

Es nativa del trópico de baja elevación en Kenia y alrededores, creciendo en calor húmedo, como ocurre en sus áreas costeras húmedas. Fue introducida en otras zonas de África, Asia, Australia, América, y el Pacífico.

Debido a su potencial colonizador y constituir una amenaza grave para las especies autóctonas, los hábitats o los ecosistemas, esta especie ha sido incluida en el Catálogo Español de Especies Exóticas Invasoras, regulado por el Real Decreto 630/2013, de 2 de agosto, estando prohibida en Baleares y Canarias su introducción en el medio natural, posesión, transporte, tráfico y comercio.[5]

Taxonomía

Pennisetum clandestinum fue descrita por Hochst. ex Chiov. y publicado en Annuario del Reale Istituto Botanico di Roma 8(1): 41, pl. 5, f. 2. 1903.[6]

Etimología

Pennisetum: nombre genérico que deriva del latín penna = (pluma) y seta = (cerda), en alusión a la inflorescencia.[7]

clandestinum: epíteto latíno que significa "oculto"[8]

Sinonimia
  • Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone
  • Pennisetum inclusum Pilg.
  • Pennisetum longistylum var. clandestinum (Chiov.) Leeke[9][10]

Véase también

Referencias

  1. «Weeds Australia - Weed Identification - Kikuyu grass». Archivado desde el original el 4 de agosto de 2008. Consultado el 2009.
  2. «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 19 de julio de 2008. Consultado el 16 de octubre de 2008.
  3. a b Wolff, Mark A. (1999). Winning the war of Weeds: The Essential Gardener's Guide to Weed Identification and Control. Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-86417-993-6.
  4. Documento de FAO
  5. «Real Decreto 630/2013, de 2 de agosto, por el que se regula el Catálogo español de especies exóticas invasoras.». Boletín Oficial del Estado.
  6. «Pennisetum clandestinum». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2014.
  7. (en inglés) Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Genera of the World. Consultado el 11 de marzo de 2010.
  8. En Epítetos Botánicos
  9. «Pennisetum clandestinum». The Plant List. Consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2014.
  10. «Pennisetum clandestinum». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2014.

Bibliografía

  1. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i–xl, 1–1286.
  2. Breedlove, D.E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246.
  3. Burkart, A. E. 1969. Gramíneas. 2: 1–551. In A. E. Burkart (ed.) Fl. Il. Entre Ríos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires.
  4. Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). 451–898. In R. M. Polhill (ed.) Fl. Trop. E. Africa. A. A. Balkema, Róterdam.
  5. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  6. Correa A., M.D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
  7. Damanakis, M. & A. Yannitsaros. 1986. The genus Pennisetum (Poaceae) in Greece. Willdenowia 15: 401–406.
  8. Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
  9. De la Barra, N. 1997. Reconstr. Evol. Paisaje Veg. Cochabamba i–v, 1–174. Tesis, Universidad Mayor San Simón, Cochabamba.
  10. Espejo Serna, A., A. R. López-Ferrari & J. Valdés-Reyna. 2000. Poaceae. Monocot. Mexic. Sinopsis Floríst. 10: 7–236 [and index].
  11. Filgueiras, T. S. 1991. A floristic analysis of the Gramineae of Brazil's Distrito Federal and a list of the species occurring in the area. Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 73–80.
  12. Filgueiras, T. S. 1999. Gramíneas do Cerrado, Brasil. ined., work in progress.
  13. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil https://web.archive.org/web/20150906080403/http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Río de Janeiro.

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Pennisetum clandestinum: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Pennisetum clandestinum es una especie perenne tropical de Poaceae con varios nombres comunes, kikuyo, quicuyo, grama gruesa, pasto africano, que proviene de la región de África Oriental, hogar de la nación Kĩkũyũ. Posee rápido crecimiento y agresividad, por lo que se lo categoriza como una maleza en algunas regiones.​ Sin embargo, es también un pasto popular de céspedes en Australia y en Sudáfrica debido a su baratura y tolerancia a sequía.​ Además es muy usada como pastura de ganadería, con calidad baja, pero muy rica en proteína.​

 src= Detalle  src= Pasto
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Pennisetum clandestinum ( French )

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Pennisetum clandestinum, le kikuyu, est une espèce de plante de la famille des Poaceae (Graminées). Originaire d'Afrique centrale, elle est très utilisée comme gazon dans la région méditerranéenne.

Utilisation comme gazon

Avantages

Il s'adapte aussi très bien en bordure de mer et supporte une ambiance saline.

C'est une herbe pourvue de puissants rhizomes qui forme un tapis doux et vert. Apparenté au chiendent, il ne pousse que dans les régions où la température estivale est élevée.

Inconvénients

Cette graminée n'est pas sans inconvénient :

  1. la pousse est lente la première année, ce qui favorise le développement des mauvaises herbes, mais une fois installée, elle monopolise la totalité du terrain et devient envahissante. Le kikuyu peut être mélangé avec des graines de fétuques demi-traçante pour une implantation plus rapide.
  2. Sa dormance hivernale lui donne une apparence de paille séchée (jaunit l'hiver).
  3. Ne supporte pas les tontes trop rases ou fréquentes
  4. Le feuillage est très grossier
  5. Elle peut devenir envahissante quand elle se plait sur un terrain.

Synonyme

  • Kikuyuochloa clandestina (Hochst. ex Chiov.) H.Scholz

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Pennisetum clandestinum: Brief Summary ( French )

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Pennisetum clandestinum, le kikuyu, est une espèce de plante de la famille des Poaceae (Graminées). Originaire d'Afrique centrale, elle est très utilisée comme gazon dans la région méditerranéenne.

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Cenchrus clandestinus ( Italian )

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Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone, 2010 è una specie di erba tropicale della famiglia delle Poaceae (o Graminacee)[2]. È conosciuta comunemente con il nome di erba kikuyu, poiché è originaria delle regioni montuose dell'Africa orientale che ospitano il popolo Kikuyu. A causa della sua rapida crescita e della sua natura aggressiva, in alcune regioni è classificata come pianta infestante.[3][4] Tuttavia, in Australia, Nuova Zelanda, Sud Africa e nella regione meridionale della California, viene utilizzata anche come erba da prato, poiché è poco costosa e moderatamente resistente alla siccità. Inoltre, è utile come foraggio per il pascolo del bestiame e funge da fonte di cibo per molte specie aviarie, tra cui la vedova codalunga.[5] I culmi fioriti sono molto corti e "nascosti" tra le foglie, dando a questa specie il suo epiteto specifico (clandestinus).

Descrizione

Cenchrus clandestinus è un'erba rizomatosa con radici aggrovigliate e portamento erbaceo, che raggiunge un'altezza compresa tra 30 e 150 mm. Le foglie sono verdi, appiattite o piegate verso l'alto lungo la nervatura centrale, lunghe 10–150 mm e larghe 1–5 mm. L'apice della lamina fogliare è ottuso.[6]

Distribuzione e habitat

Si trova in terreni sabbiosi anche se predilige le zone umide. È originario delle aree tropicali a bassa quota del Kenya e dintorni, dove trova il clima caldo umido adatto allo sviluppo.[7]

Tassonomia

La descrizione di questa specie è stata pubblicata da Emilio Chiovenda nel 1903, e ne riconosce una precedente, non accreditata, fatta da C.F. Hochstetter, come Pennisetum clandestinum.[8] La specie è stata rinominata nel 2010 da Morrone come Cenchrus clandestinus.[7]

Come specie invasiva

È stato introdotto in Africa, Asia, Australia, Americhe e Pacifico, dove è soggetto a sradicamento attraverso pratiche di gestione.[9] La facilità di coltivazione e il portamento fitto rendono questa specie un'ottima erba da prato. Nella California del sud l'erba è comunemente usata sui campi da golf per il rough poiché è resistente alla siccità. Il famoso Riviera Country Club e il Torrey Pines Golf Course utilizzano entrambi quest'erba.

L'aggressiva colonizzazione dell'habitat naturale ha portato a naturalizzare questa erba in regioni come il sud-ovest dell'Australia.[7][9] Ha un alto potenziale invasivo grazie ai suoi rizomi e stoloni allungati, con i quali penetra nel terreno, formando rapidamente dense matasse e sopprimendo altre specie vegetali.[5]

Può soverchiare altre piante, nascondendole e producendo tossine erbicide che uccidono le piante in competizione.[3] In questo modo, impedisce la crescita di nuovi germogli di altre specie, può uccidere piccoli alberi e può soffocare stagni e corsi d'acqua. È resistente allo sfalcio e al pascolo grazie alla sua fitta rete di radici, che producono facilmente nuovi germogli. Nasce in tappeti erbosi e prati e può danneggiare gli edifici crescendo nelle intercapedini tra pietre e piastrelle. La pianta viene facilmente introdotta in nuove aree, accidentalmente, con macchine per arare e scavare, che possono trasferire pezzi del rizoma, incastrato nei mezzi, nelle zolle di terreno. Anche se l'erba si diffonde bene attraverso la riproduzione vegetativa da pezzi di rizoma, viene anche dispersa tramite seme. I rizomi che hanno raggiunto punti molto difficili da raggiungere continueranno a crescere come piante separate se vengono spezzati durante il tentativo di rimozione.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Allen, R. 2018., Kikuyo Grass - Cenchrus clandestinus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 24 febbraio 2022.
  2. ^ (EN) Cenchrus clandestinus, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 24 febbraio 2022.
  3. ^ a b (EN) Global Invasive Species Database, su iucngisd.org. URL consultato il 18 ottobre 2021.
  4. ^ (EN) Kikuyu grass, su weeds.org.au. URL consultato il 18 ottobre 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 agosto 2008).
  5. ^ a b (EN) Mark A. Wolff, Winning the War of Weeds: The Essential Gardener's Guide to Weed Identification and Control, Kenthurst, Kangaroo Press, 1999, p. 61, ISBN 0864179936.
  6. ^ (EN) W.D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, K.T. Harman e H. Williamson, Pennisetum clandestinum, su kew.org, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 28 gennaio 2008. URL consultato il 21 ottobre 2021.
  7. ^ a b c (EN) Cenchrus clandestinus (Chiov.) Morrone, su florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au. URL consultato il 22 ottobre 2021.
  8. ^ Hochstetter, C.F. ex Chiovenda, E. (1903) Annuario R. Istituto Botanico di Roma 8: 41, Fig. S/2 [tax. nov.]
  9. ^ a b (EN) Cenchrus clandestinus, su issg.org, Invasive Species Specialist Group. URL consultato il 21 ottobre 2021.

Bibliografia

Elizabeth A. Kellogg, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume XIII. Flowering Plants. Monocots. Poaceae., St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 2015.

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Cenchrus clandestinus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone, 2010 è una specie di erba tropicale della famiglia delle Poaceae (o Graminacee). È conosciuta comunemente con il nome di erba kikuyu, poiché è originaria delle regioni montuose dell'Africa orientale che ospitano il popolo Kikuyu. A causa della sua rapida crescita e della sua natura aggressiva, in alcune regioni è classificata come pianta infestante. Tuttavia, in Australia, Nuova Zelanda, Sud Africa e nella regione meridionale della California, viene utilizzata anche come erba da prato, poiché è poco costosa e moderatamente resistente alla siccità. Inoltre, è utile come foraggio per il pascolo del bestiame e funge da fonte di cibo per molte specie aviarie, tra cui la vedova codalunga. I culmi fioriti sono molto corti e "nascosti" tra le foglie, dando a questa specie il suo epiteto specifico (clandestinus).

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Pennisetum clandestinum ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Pennisetum clandestinum, conhecida como capim kikuio, é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Hochst. & Chiov., tendo sido publicada em Annuario del Reale Istituto Botanico di Roma 8(1): 41, pl. 5, f. 2. 1903.[1]

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente no Arquipélago da Madeira.

Em termos de naturalidade é introduzida na região atrás indicada.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Referências

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 7 de Outubro de 2014 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25509850>

Bibliografia

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Pennisetum clandestinum: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Pennisetum clandestinum, conhecida como capim kikuio, é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Hochst. & Chiov., tendo sido publicada em Annuario del Reale Istituto Botanico di Roma 8(1): 41, pl. 5, f. 2. 1903.

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