Tall Ironweed

Vernonia angustifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1803
Chrysocoma graminifolia Walt. Fl. Car. 196. 1788.
Liatris umbellata Bertol. Nov. Comm. Bonon. 8: 79. 1S46.
Vernonia grawnn/o//a Trel.; Brann. & Cov. Rep. Geol. Surv. Ark. 1888* : 189. Jl 1891.
Cacalia graminifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 968. N 1891.
Stems erect, simple to the inflorescence, 5-10 dm. high, glabrous, pubescent, or shorthirsute; leaves crowded, narrowly linear, 5-10 cm. long, revolute, 1-nerved, or the lower flat, narrowly oblong, and 5-10 mm. wide, scabrous above, .sparsely pubescent beneath, especially on the midvein, sparsely glandular-dotted; inflorescence ample, rather compact, 5-30 cm. wide; heads 1 1-21 -flowered; involucre eampanulate, 6 mm. high; scales usually red or purple, appressed or slightly spreading, glabrous or puberulent on the back, ciliate or entire, the outer triangular-subulate, the inner lance-ovate, subacute to acuminate; achenes pubescent on the ribs, resinous and dark-dotted in the furrows, 3 mm. long; pappus usually purple, the bristles 6.5 mm., the narrow scales 0.5-0.7 mm. long.
Type locality: Carolina.
Distribution: North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi.

Vernonia scaberrima Nutt. Gen. 2: 134. 1818
Vernonia brevifolia Raf. New Fl. 4: 77. 1838. Veronia angustifolia (3 T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 59. 1841.
Vernonia angustifolia scaberrima A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1-: 91. 1884.
Stems erect, simple or sparingly branched, glabrous, or puberulent below; leaf-blades narrowly oblong, closely sessile, 2.5-7 cm. long, 2-10 mm. wide, acute or cuspidate, remotely denticulate, dilated and rounded or truncate at base, scabrous above, glandular-dotted and sparsely pubescent to nearly glabro.us beneath, the upper leaves gradually reduced; inflorescence loose, open, subumbellate; involucre campanulate, 6-7 mm. high; scales loosely imbricate, essentially glabrous on the back, minutely ciliate, lanceolate, long-acuminate into straight, erect or spreading tips; achenes densely short-pubescent, 2.5 mm. long, dark-dotted; pappus tawny, the bristles 5 mm. long, the scales narrow, 0.6 mm. long.
Type locality: South Carolina, Georgia, or Florida.
Distribution: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.