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Creatures » … » Plants » … » Dicotyledons » … » Composite Family » …

Bitter Lettuce

Lactuca virosa L.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Lactuca virosa L.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Lactuca virosa
Species recognized by wikipedia 中文维基百科, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia NL, wikipedia POL, wikipedia VI, wikipedia CZ, Pignatti, 1982, wikipedia CA, wikipedia SV, Andorra Species List, Armenia Species List, Austria Species List, Azerbaijan Species List, Australia Species List, Belgium Species List, Brazil Species List, Canada Species List, Chile Species List, Denmark Species List, Ethiopia Species List, Finland Species List, France Species List, Germany Species List, Greece Species List, Iran Species List, Ireland Species List, Italy Species List, Luxembourg Species List, Morocco Species List, New Zealand Species List, Palestine Species List, Portugal Species List, Spain Species List, Sweden Species List, Switzerland Species List, The Netherlands Species List, United Kingdom Species List, wikipedia CY, Mexico Species List, North Atlantic Species List, North Pacific Species List, South Pacific Species List, wikipedia AZ, wikipedia hr Croatian, NCBI, and United States Species List
Lactuca virosa
Recognized by CalPhotos, Biopix Nature Photos, and ECOCROP
Lactuca virosa L.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, GBIF classification, Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species, and GBIF national node type records UK
Lactuca virosa L. (1753)
Recognized by IABIN
Lactuca virosa Linnaeus
Recognized by eFloras
Lactuca virosa
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia DE, wikipedia ES, wikipedia IT, wikipedia PT, wikipedia FR, USDA PLANTS images, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, Simpson et al 2020, BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, iNaturalist data coverage, Wikipedia (inferred records), GGBN data coverage, and TRY database summary
Lactuca virosa
Recognized by North American Flora, Flickr BHL, European Vegetation Archive (EVA), BHL data coverage, and Flickr Group
Lactuca virosa L.
Species recognized by Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, iNaturalist, USDA Plants data, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, and GBIF data coverage

Alternative Names

Hieracium virosum (L.) E. H. L. Krause
Heterotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Lactuca ambigua Schrad.
Heterotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Lactuca cornigera Pau & Font Quer
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Lactuca flavida Jord.
Heterotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Lactuca livida Boiss. & Reut.
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Lactuca scariola subsp. infr
Proparte synonym according to GBIF classification (Originally found in sources as proparte synonym of Lactuca serriola L.)
Lactuca scariola subsp. virosa (L.) Bonnier & Layens 1894
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification (Originally found in sources as synonym of Lactuca virosa L.)
Lactuca scariola var. flavida (Jord.) Gren. & Godr.
Heterotypic synonym according to GBIF classification (Originally found in sources as heterotypic synonym of Lactuca virosa L.)
Lactuca sinuata Forsk.
Heterotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Lactuca virosa var. cruenta
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Lactuca virosa var. flavida (Jord.) Cariot & St.-Lag. 1889
Heterotypic synonym according to GBIF classification (Originally found in sources as synonym of Lactuca virosa L.)
Wiestia virosa (L.) Sch. Bip.
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Hieracium virosum (L.) E. H. L. Krause
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca agrestis Bubani
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca ambigua Schrad.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca cornigera Pau & Font Quer
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca flavida Jord.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca livida Boiss. & Reut.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca romana Garsault
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca scariola subsp. virosa (L.) Bonnier & Layens
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca sinuata Forssk.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca virosa f. lactucarii (Lamotte) P. D. Sell
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca virosa subsp. cornigera (Pau & Font Quer) Emb. & Maire
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lactuca virosa subsp. livida (Boiss. & Reut.) Ladero & A. Velasco
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Wiestia virosa (L.) Sch. Bip.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Common Names

English

bitter lettuce preferred
Recognized by USDA PLANTS images and Wikidata Common Names
great lettuce
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Bitter lettuce
prefer
Recognized by Simpson et al 2020

Arabic

خس نفاذ preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Belarusian

салата ядавітая preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Chinese

苦莴苣 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
野莴苣
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Croatian

Divlja salata preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Czech

locika jedovatá preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Dutch; Flemish

Gifsla preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
gifsla
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Finnish

Rohtosalaatti preferred
Recognized by admin

French

laitue vireuse preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

German

Gift-Lattich preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Giftlattich
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Italian

Lattuga velenosa preferred
Recognized by Pignatti, 1982

Japanese

ワイルドレタス preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Persian

لاکتوکا ویرسا preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Polish

Sałata jadowita preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Swedish

Giftsallat preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Welsh

Letusen chwerw preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Arz

خس نفاذ preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
show 14 more languages
hide 14 languages

Curated hierarchies for Lactuca virosa L.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Asterids
Asterales
Asteraceae
Lactuca
Lactuca virosa L. (this page)
Lactuca virosa subsp. cornigera (Pau & Font Quer) Emb. & Maire
Lactuca virosa subsp. livida (Boiss. & Reut.) Ladero & A. Velasco Negueruela
Lactuca virosa subsp. virosa
Lactuca acanthifolia (Willd.) Boiss.
Lactuca aculeata Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca albertoregelia (C. Winkl.)
Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech. fil.
Lactuca amaurophyton (Podl. & Rech. fil.)
Lactuca ambacensis (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca arabica Jaub. & Spach
Lactuca attenuata Stebbins
Lactuca birjandica Mozaff.
Lactuca calophylla C. Jeffrey
Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactuca chitralensis (Tuisl) Ghafoor, Qaiser & Roohi Bano
Lactuca cichorioides (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca corymbosa A. Lawalrée
Lactuca cubangensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca czerepanovii (Kirp.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca denaensis N. Kilian & Djavadi
Lactuca dissecta D. Don
Lactuca dregeana DC.
Lactuca dumicola (Hiern) S. Moore
Lactuca erostrata Bano & Qaiser
Lactuca fenzlii N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Lactuca formosana Maxim.
Lactuca gilanica Mozaff.
Lactuca glandulifera Hook. fil.
Lactuca glareosa Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca glaucifolia Boiss.
Lactuca gracilipetiolata Merr.
Lactuca graminifolia Michx.
Lactuca haimanniana Aschers. ex E. Dur. & Barratte
Lactuca hazaranensis Djavadi & N. Kilian
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt.
Lactuca hispida DC.
Lactuca hispidula (Regel) B. Fedtsch.
Lactuca homblei De Wild.
Lactuca imbricata Hiern
Lactuca indica L.
Lactuca inermis Forsk.
Lactuca kanitziana Martelli
Lactuca kemaliya Yild.
Lactuca kirpicznikovii (Grossh.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca klossii S. Moore
Lactuca laevigata (BI.) DC.
Lactuca lasiorhiza (O. Hoffm.) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca leucoclada Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca linczevskii (Kirpicz.)
Lactuca longidentata Moris ex DC.
Lactuca longispicata Wildem.
Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell
Lactuca malaissei A. Lawalrée
Lactuca marunguensis A. Lawalrée
Lactuca microcephala DC.
Lactuca morssii B. L. Rob.
Lactuca muralis (L.) E. Mey.
Lactuca mwinilungensis G. V. Pope
Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss.
Lactuca oyukludaghensis (Parolly) N. Kilian & Parolly
Lactuca pakistanica T. Akhtar & M. N. Chaudhri
Lactuca palmensis C. Bolle
Lactuca paradoxa Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.
Lactuca perennis L.
Lactuca petrensis Hiern
Lactuca polyclada Boiss.
Lactuca praecox R. E. Fr.
Lactuca praevia C. D. Adams
Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC.
Lactuca pumila Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca quercina L.
Lactuca raddeana Maxim.
Lactuca rechingeriana (Tuisl) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca reviersii Litard. & Maire
Lactuca rostrata (Bl.) Kuntze
Lactuca rosularis Boiss.
Lactuca saligna L.
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca scarioloides Boiss.
Lactuca schulzeana Buettn.
Lactuca schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca setosa Stebbins ex C. Jeffrey
Lactuca sibirica (L.) Maxim.
Lactuca singularis Wilmott
Lactuca songeensis C. Jeffrey
Lactuca stebbinsii N. Kilian
Lactuca stipulata Stebbins
Lactuca takhtadzhianii Sosn.
Lactuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Meyer
Lactuca tenerrima Pourr.
Lactuca tetrantha B. L. Burtt & P. H. Davis
Lactuca tinctociliata I. M. Johnston
Lactuca triangulata Maxim.
Lactuca tuberosa Jacq.
Lactuca tysonii (Phillips) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca undulata Ledeb.
Lactuca viminea (L.) J. & C. Presl
Lactuca watsoniana Trelease
Lactuca winkleri Kirpicz.
Lactuca yemensis Defl.
Lactuca zambeziaca C. Jeffrey
15 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae Dumort.
Cichorioideae (Juss.) Chev.
Lactuca
Lactuca virosa L. (this page)
Lactuca aculeata Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca adenophora Boiss. & Kotschy
Lactuca alaica S. Kovalevsk.
Lactuca albertoregelia (C. Winkl.)
Lactuca alii (Roohi Bano & Qaiser)
Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech. fil.
Lactuca amaurophyton (Podlech & Rech. fil.) N. Kilian
Lactuca ambacensis (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca anatolica Behcet & Yapar
Lactuca arabica Jaub. & Spach
Lactuca attenuata Stebbins
Lactuca azerbaijanica Rech. fil.
Lactuca bandyopadhyana Kottaim.
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald
Lactuca birjandica Mozaff.
Lactuca boissieri Rouy
Lactuca bourgaei (Boiss.) Irish & Taylor
Lactuca bracteata Hook. fil. & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke
Lactuca brassicifolia Boiss.
Lactuca calophylla C. Jeffrey
Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactuca chiangdaoensis (H. Koyama)
Lactuca chitralensis (Tuisl) Ghafoor, Qaiser & Roohi Bano
Lactuca cichorioides (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca clarkei Hook. fil.
Lactuca corymbosa Lawalrée
Lactuca crassicaulis (Beauverd)
Lactuca cubangensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca czerepanovii (Kirp.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca denaensis N. Kilian & Djavadi
Lactuca dissecta D. Don
Lactuca dolichophylla Kitam.
Lactuca dregeana DC.
Lactuca dumicola (Hiern) S. Moore
Lactuca erostrata Bano & Qaiser
Lactuca exigua (Tuisl)
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Lactuca formosana Maxim.
Lactuca garrettii Kerr
Lactuca georgica Grossh.
Lactuca gilanica Mozaff.
Lactuca glandulifera Hook. fil.
Lactuca glareosa Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca glaucifolia Boiss.
Lactuca gorganica Rech. fil. & Esfand.
Lactuca gracilipetiolata Merr.
Lactuca graminifolia Michx.
Lactuca haimanniana Asch. ex Durand & Barratte
Lactuca hazaranensis Djavadi & N. Kilian
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt.
Lactuca hispidula (Regel) B. Fedtsch.
Lactuca homblei De Wild.
Lactuca imbricata Hiern
Lactuca indica L.
Lactuca inermis Forssk.
Lactuca intricata Boiss.
Lactuca jamaicensis Griseb.
Lactuca kanitziana Martelli
Lactuca kemaliya Yild.
Lactuca klossii S. Moore
Lactuca kochiana Beauverd
Lactuca lasiorhiza (O. Hoffm.) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca leucoclada Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca linczevskii (Kirp.)
Lactuca longidentata Moris ex DC.
Lactuca longispicata De Wild.
Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell
Lactuca macrophylla (Willd.) A. Gray
Lactuca madatapensis (Gagnidze) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca malaissei Lawalrée
Lactuca marunguensis Lawalrée
Lactuca mira Pavlov
Lactuca mulgedioides (Sch. Bip. ex Vis. & Pancic) Boiss. & Kotschy
Lactuca mwinilungensis G. V. Pope
Lactuca nepalensis (Kitam.)
Lactuca olgae (Leskov) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss.
Lactuca oyukludaghensis (Parolly) N. Kilian & Parolly
Lactuca pakistanica Akhtar & Chaudhri
Lactuca palmensis Bolle
Lactuca paradoxa Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.
Lactuca parishii Craib ex Hosseus
Lactuca putii Kerr
Lactuca pygmaea Bhellum
Lactuca quercina L.
Lactuca racemosa Willd.
Lactuca raddeana Maxim.
Lactuca rostrata (Blume) Kuntze
Lactuca rosularis Boiss.
Lactuca saligna L.
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca scarioloides Boiss.
Lactuca schulzeana Büttn.
Lactuca schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca setosa Stebbins ex C. Jeffrey
Lactuca sibirica (L.) Maxim.
Lactuca sonchifolia Vis. & Pancic
Lactuca songeensis C. Jeffrey
Lactuca soongarica Regel
44 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 - Test

Lactuca virosa L. (this page)
Lactuca virosa subsp. virosa
Lactuca acanthifolia (Willd.) Boiss.
Lactuca aculeata Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca albertoregelia (C. Winkl.)
Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech. fil.
Lactuca amaurophyton (Podl. & Rech. fil.)
Lactuca ambacensis (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca arabica Jaub. & Spach
Lactuca attenuata Stebbins
Lactuca birjandica Mozaff.
Lactuca calophylla C. Jeffrey
Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactuca chitralensis (Tuisl) Ghafoor, Qaiser & Roohi Bano
Lactuca cichorioides (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca corymbosa A. Lawalrée
Lactuca cubangensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca czerepanovii (Kirp.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca denaensis N. Kilian & Djavadi
Lactuca dissecta D. Don
Lactuca dregeana DC.
Lactuca dumicola (Hiern) S. Moore
Lactuca erostrata Bano & Qaiser
Lactuca fenzlii N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Lactuca formosana Maxim.
Lactuca gilanica Mozaff.
Lactuca glandulifera Hook. fil.
Lactuca glareosa Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca glaucifolia Boiss.
Lactuca gracilipetiolata Merr.
Lactuca graminifolia Michx.
Lactuca haimanniana Aschers. ex E. Dur. & Barratte
Lactuca hazaranensis Djavadi & N. Kilian
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt.
Lactuca hispida DC.
Lactuca hispidula (Regel) B. Fedtsch.
Lactuca homblei De Wild.
Lactuca imbricata Hiern
Lactuca indica L.
Lactuca inermis Forsk.
Lactuca kanitziana Martelli
Lactuca kemaliya Yild.
Lactuca kirpicznikovii (Grossh.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca klossii S. Moore
Lactuca laevigata (BI.) DC.
Lactuca lasiorhiza (O. Hoffm.) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca leucoclada Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca linczevskii (Kirpicz.)
Lactuca longidentata Moris ex DC.
Lactuca longispicata Wildem.
Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell
Lactuca malaissei A. Lawalrée
Lactuca marunguensis A. Lawalrée
Lactuca morssii B. L. Rob.
Lactuca muralis (L.) E. Mey.
Lactuca mwinilungensis G. V. Pope
Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss.
Lactuca oyukludaghensis (Parolly) N. Kilian & Parolly
Lactuca pakistanica T. Akhtar & M. N. Chaudhri
Lactuca palmensis C. Bolle
Lactuca paradoxa Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.
Lactuca perennis L.
Lactuca petrensis Hiern
Lactuca polyclada Boiss.
Lactuca praecox R. E. Fr.
Lactuca praevia C. D. Adams
Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC.
Lactuca pumila Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca quercina L.
Lactuca raddeana Maxim.
Lactuca rechingeriana (Tuisl) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca reviersii Litard. & Maire
Lactuca rostrata (Bl.) Kuntze
Lactuca rosularis Boiss.
Lactuca saligna L.
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca scarioloides Boiss.
Lactuca schulzeana Buettn.
Lactuca schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca setosa Stebbins ex C. Jeffrey
Lactuca sibirica (L.) Maxim.
Lactuca singularis Wilmott
Lactuca songeensis C. Jeffrey
Lactuca spinidens Nevski
Lactuca stebbinsii N. Kilian
Lactuca stipulata Stebbins
Lactuca takhtadzhianii Sosn.
Lactuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Meyer
Lactuca tenerrima Pourr.
Lactuca tetrantha B. L. Burtt & P. H. Davis
Lactuca tinctociliata I. M. Johnston
Lactuca triangulata Maxim.
Lactuca tuberosa Jacq.
Lactuca tysonii (Phillips) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca undulata Ledeb.
Lactuca viminea (L.) J. & C. Presl
Lactuca watsoniana Trelease
Lactuca winkleri Kirpicz.
Lactuca yemensis Defl.
Lactuca zambeziaca C. Jeffrey
14 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Asterids
Asterales
Asteraceae
Lactuca
Lactuca virosa L. (this page)
Lactuca virosa ssp. cornigera (Pau & Font Quer) Emb. & Maire
Lactuca virosa ssp. livida (Boiss. & Reut.) Ladero & A. Velasco Negueruela
Lactuca virosa ssp. virosa
Lactuca acanthifolia (Willd.) Boiss.
Lactuca aculeata Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca albertoregelia (C. Winkl.)
Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech. fil.
Lactuca amaurophyton (Podl. & Rech. fil.)
Lactuca ambacensis (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca arabica Jaub. & Spach
Lactuca attenuata Stebbins
Lactuca birjandica Mozaff.
Lactuca calophylla C. Jeffrey
Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactuca chitralensis (Tuisl) Ghafoor, Qaiser & Roohi Bano
Lactuca cichorioides (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca corymbosa A. Lawalrée
Lactuca cubangensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca czerepanovii (Kirp.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca denaensis N. Kilian & Djavadi
Lactuca dissecta D. Don
Lactuca dregeana DC.
Lactuca dumicola (Hiern) S. Moore
Lactuca erostrata Bano & Qaiser
Lactuca fenzlii N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Lactuca formosana Maxim.
Lactuca gilanica Mozaff.
Lactuca glandulifera Hook. fil.
Lactuca glareosa Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca glaucifolia Boiss.
Lactuca gracilipetiolata Merr.
Lactuca graminifolia Michx.
Lactuca haimanniana Aschers. ex E. Dur. & Barratte
Lactuca hazaranensis Djavadi & N. Kilian
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt.
Lactuca hispida DC.
Lactuca hispidula (Regel) B. Fedtsch.
Lactuca homblei De Wild.
Lactuca imbricata Hiern
Lactuca indica L.
Lactuca inermis Forsk.
Lactuca kanitziana Martelli
Lactuca kemaliya Yild.
Lactuca kirpicznikovii (Grossh.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca klossii S. Moore
Lactuca laevigata (BI.) DC.
Lactuca lasiorhiza (O. Hoffm.) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca leucoclada Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca linczevskii (Kirpicz.)
Lactuca longidentata Moris ex DC.
Lactuca longispicata Wildem.
Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell
Lactuca malaissei A. Lawalrée
Lactuca marunguensis A. Lawalrée
Lactuca microcephala DC.
Lactuca morssii B. L. Rob.
Lactuca muralis (L.) E. Mey.
Lactuca mwinilungensis G. V. Pope
Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss.
Lactuca oyukludaghensis (Parolly) N. Kilian & Parolly
Lactuca pakistanica T. Akhtar & M. N. Chaudhri
Lactuca palmensis C. Bolle
Lactuca paradoxa Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.
Lactuca perennis L.
Lactuca petrensis Hiern
Lactuca polyclada Boiss.
Lactuca praecox R. E. Fr.
Lactuca praevia C. D. Adams
Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC.
Lactuca pumila Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca quercina L.
Lactuca raddeana Maxim.
Lactuca rechingeriana (Tuisl) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca reviersii Litard. & Maire
Lactuca rostrata (Bl.) Kuntze
Lactuca rosularis Boiss.
Lactuca saligna L.
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca scarioloides Boiss.
Lactuca schulzeana Buettn.
Lactuca schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca setosa Stebbins ex C. Jeffrey
Lactuca sibirica (L.) Maxim.
Lactuca singularis Wilmott
Lactuca songeensis C. Jeffrey
Lactuca stebbinsii N. Kilian
Lactuca stipulata Stebbins
Lactuca takhtadzhianii Sosn.
Lactuca tatarica (L.) C. A. Meyer
Lactuca tenerrima Pourr.
Lactuca tetrantha B. L. Burtt & P. H. Davis
Lactuca tinctociliata I. M. Johnston
Lactuca triangulata Maxim.
Lactuca tuberosa Jacq.
Lactuca tysonii (Phillips) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca undulata Ledeb.
Lactuca viminea (L.) J. & C. Presl
Lactuca watsoniana Trelease
Lactuca winkleri Kirpicz.
Lactuca yemensis Defl.
Lactuca zambeziaca C. Jeffrey
15 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

GBIF classification

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Lactuca L.
Lactuca virosa L. (this page)
Lactuca virosa subsp. cornigera (Pau & Font Quer) Emb. & Maire
Lactuca virosa subsp. livida (Boiss. & Reut.) Ladero & A. Velasco Negueruela
Lactuca virosa subsp. virosa
Cephalorrhynchus longifoli (Mill.) Druce.
Eunoxis amabilis Raf.
Lactuca acanthifolia (Willd.) Boiss.
Lactuca aculeata Boiss.
Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech. fil.
Lactuca ambacensis (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca arabica Jaub. & Spach
Lactuca attenuata Stebbins
Lactuca azerbaijanica Rech. fil.
Lactuca biauriculata H. L
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald
Lactuca calophylla C. Jeffrey
Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactuca cichorioides (Hiern) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca corymbosa A. Lawalrée
Lactuca cubanguensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca czerepanovii (Kirp.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca dissecta D. Don
Lactuca dolichophylla Kitam.
Lactuca dregeana DC.
Lactuca dumicola S. Moore
Lactuca fenzlii N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Lactuca formosana Maxim.
Lactuca georgica Grossh.
Lactuca glandulifera Hook. fil.
Lactuca glareosa Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.
Lactuca graminifolia Michx.
Lactuca haimanniana Aschers. ex E. Dur. & Barratte
Lactuca henryi Dunn
Lactuca hispida DC.
Lactuca hoenei Daniel 1954
Lactuca homblei De Wild.
Lactuca imbricata Hiern
Lactuca indica L.
Lactuca inermis Forssk.
Lactuca intricata Boiss.
Lactuca jamaicensis Griseb.
Lactuca kirpicznikovii (Grossh.) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca kochiana Beauverd
Lactuca lasiorhiza (O. Hoffm.) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca leucoclada Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca leucophaea Sibth.
Lactuca longespicata De Wild.
Lactuca ludoviciana Riddell
Lactuca malaissei A. Lawalrée
Lactuca marunguensis A. Lawalrée
Lactuca microcephala DC.
Lactuca microsperma K. Schum.
Lactuca morssii B. L. Rob.
Lactuca mwinilungensis G. V. Pope
Lactuca orientalis Boiss.
Lactuca palmensis Bolle
Lactuca paradoxa Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.
Lactuca perennis L.
Lactuca petrensis Hiern
Lactuca praecox R. E. Fr.
Lactuca praevia C. D. Adams
Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC.
Lactuca pumila Rech. fil. & Tuisl
Lactuca pyrenaica Bellardi ex Pasch.
Lactuca quercina L.
Lactuca querna Pall.
Lactuca raddeana Maxim.
Lactuca raddiana Maxim.
Lactuca rechingeriana (Tuisl) N. Kilian & Greuter
Lactuca repens Benth. & Hook. fil.
Lactuca reviersii Litard. & Maire
Lactuca rostrata Kuntze
Lactuca rosularis Boiss.
Lactuca saligna L.
Lactuca sassandrensis A. Chev.
Lactuca scarioloides Boiss.
Lactuca schulzeana Büttner
Lactuca schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca setosa Stebbins ex C. Jeffrey
Lactuca sibirica Benth. ex Maxim.
Lactuca singularis Wilmott
Lactuca songeensis C. Jeffrey
Lactuca spinidens Nevski
Lactuca stanekii Domin
Lactuca stebbinsii N. Kilian
Lactuca stelbinsiana N. Kilian
Lactuca stipulata Stebbins
Lactuca takhtadzhianii Sosn.
Lactuca tenerrima Pourr.
Lactuca tetrantha B. L. Burtt & P. H. Davis
Lactuca tinctociliata I. M. Johnst.
Lactuca triangulata Maxim.
Lactuca tysonii (E. Phillips) C. Jeffrey
Lactuca ugandensis C. Jeffrey
Lactuca undulata Ledeb.
Lactuca virosa × Lactuca quercina
Lactuca watsoniana Trel.
Lactuca winkleri Kirp.
Lactuca yemensis Deflers
Lactuca zambeziaca C. Jeffrey
Mulgedium cacaliaefolius DC.
Scariola albertoregalis Kirp.
103 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Plantae
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Magnoliopsida
Asteranae
Asterales
Asteraceae
Lactuca L.
Lactuca virosa L. (this page)
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald
Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Lactuca graminifolia Michx.
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt.
Lactuca indica L.
Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell
Lactuca saligna L.
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca terrae-novae Fernald
Lactuca × morssii B. L. Rob.

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Streptophytina
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Spermatophyta
Magnoliopsida
Mesangiospermae
eudicotyledons
Gunneridae
Pentapetalae
asterids
campanulids
Asterales
Asteraceae
Cichorioideae
Cichorieae
Lactucinae
Lactuca
Lactuca virosa (this page)
Lactuca acanthifolia
Lactuca aculeata
Lactuca alaica
Lactuca alpestris
Lactuca altaica
Lactuca attenuata
Lactuca aurea
Lactuca biennis
Lactuca bourgaei
Lactuca brachyrrhyncha
Lactuca calophylla
Lactuca canadensis
Lactuca dissecta
Lactuca dolichophylla
Lactuca dregeana
Lactuca fenzlii
Lactuca floridana
Lactuca formosana
Lactuca georgica
Lactuca glareosa
Lactuca glauciifolia
Lactuca graminifolia
Lactuca hazaranensis
Lactuca hirsuta
Lactuca hispida
Lactuca indica
Lactuca inermis
Lactuca intricata
Lactuca lasiorhiza
Lactuca lessertiana
Lactuca ludoviciana
Lactuca macrophylla
Lactuca mira
Lactuca oblongifolia
Lactuca orientalis
Lactuca oyukludaghensis
Lactuca palmensis
Lactuca paradoxa
Lactuca parishii
Lactuca perennis
Lactuca picridiformis
Lactuca plumieri
Lactuca praecox
Lactuca pumila
Lactuca quercina
Lactuca racemosa
Lactuca raddeana
Lactuca rosularis
Lactuca saligna
Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa × Lactuca serriola
Lactuca scandens
Lactuca schulzeana
Lactuca serriola
Lactuca setosa
Lactuca sibirica
Lactuca tatarica
Lactuca tenerrima
Lactuca tetrantha
Lactuca triquetra
Lactuca tuberosa
Lactuca ugandensis
Lactuca undulata
Lactuca variabilis
Lactuca viminea
Lactuca watsoniana
unclassified Lactuca

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Viridiplantae
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliidae
Asteranae
Asterales
Asteraceae
Cichorioideae
Cichorieae
Lactuca
Lactuca virosa (this page)
Lactuca virosa f. lactucarii
Lactuca virosa subsp. cornigera
Lactuca virosa subsp. livida
Lactuca virosa subsp. virosa
Lactuca virosa var. integrifolia
Lactuca agrestis
Lactuca albana
Lactuca albicaulis
Lactuca altissima
Lactuca amagawaensis
Lactuca anatolica
Lactuca armena
Lactuca autumnalis
Lactuca azurea
Lactuca biauriculata
Lactuca brachyrrhyncha
Lactuca brassicifolia
Lactuca brevirostra
Lactuca callosa
Lactuca campestris
Lactuca candolleana
Lactuca caroliniana
Lactuca cataonica
Lactuca chondrilloides
Lactuca cichoriifolia
Lactuca coerulea
Lactuca crispa
Lactuca cyanea
Lactuca deasyi
Lactuca decorticata
Lactuca deggeleriana
Lactuca disciformis
Lactuca dracoglossa
Lactuca elata
Lactuca fischeriana
Lactuca fistulosa
Lactuca flava
Lactuca flavissima
Lactuca forrestii
Lactuca forsteniana
Lactuca gorganica
Lactuca graminea
Lactuca grandicolla
Lactuca grosii
Lactuca hemsleyi
Lactuca hoepfneriana
Lactuca hoffmeisteri
Lactuca humilis
Lactuca integrata
Lactuca kenyaensis
Lactuca khasiana
Lactuca kimurana
Lactuca klossii
Lactuca kotschyana
Lactuca kotschyi
Lactuca lamii
Lactuca latifolia
Lactuca leucoclada
Lactuca linguifolia
Lactuca lutea
Lactuca luzonica
Lactuca macrophylla
Lactuca maculata
Lactuca multifida
Lactuca musashensis
Lactuca nubica
Lactuca obtusa
Lactuca officinarum
Lactuca palmata
Lactuca papuana
Lactuca pentaphylla
Lactuca picridioides
Lactuca plicata
Lactuca prolixa
Lactuca pusilla
Lactuca querna
Lactuca rapunculoides
Lactuca reviersiana
Lactuca rigida
Lactuca romana
Lactuca sagittifolia
Lactuca sanguinea
Lactuca scandens
Lactuca scoparia
Lactuca seticuspis
Lactuca sikkimensis
Lactuca steelei
Lactuca stenophylla
Lactuca stocksii
Lactuca surugensis
Lactuca tephrocarpa
Lactuca terrae-novae
Lactuca tommasiniana
Lactuca trifida
Lactuca umbellata
Lactuca vanensis
Lactuca versicolor
Lactuca violifolia
Lactuca virgata
Lactuca visianii
Lactuca wallichiana
Lactuca watsoniana
Lactuca × aogashimaensis
Lactuca × denticulatoplatyphylla
Lactuca × stanekii
331 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.
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