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Distigma sennii Pringsheim, 1942. Metabolic swimming euglenid, cell typically club-shaped, broader anteriorly and truncated with an apical canal-opening, the posterior end of cell tapers, cells are 40 - 62 microns long. With two flagella, unequal in length. The longer flagellum is about 0.25-0.35 cell length and the recurrent flagellum is very short (5 - 6 microns), slightly curved and directed sideways or to the posterior of the cell. The pellicle seems smooth. The reservoir is in the middle of the cell with an associated contractile vacuole. A nucleus is located centrally or slightly behind the centre of the cell. The cell contains a large number of ellipsoidal or cylindical refractile grains and when swimming the cell moves quickly and rotates.
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Distigma (die-stig-ma), heterotrophic euglenid flagellate. There are two flagella which are attached to the cell in a flagellar pocket which is an invagination that leads to the front of the cell by a tube called the flagellar canal. The light disc near the front is the contractile vacuole which is located alongside the flagellar pocket which cannot be seen in this image. One flagellum is long, the other short. The cytoplasm has large amounts of paramylon granules. The cell can squirm (is metabolic). Phase contrast.
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Ribadelago de Franco, Castille and Leon, Spain
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Portrait of Cyclidiopsis acus (Korschikoff, 1917), a colorless euglenoid flagellate. Similar in general morphology to Euglena acus but without plastids. Flexible but not metabolic. Swims or glides slowly. One short emergent flagellum less than one quarter body length. The pale orange stigma is visible here at the junction of the anterior apical canal and the reservoir. The contractile vacuole is posterior to the reservoir. Multiple long, needle-shaped paramylon bodies are visible in the cytoplasm. From standing freshwater. Boise, Idaho.June 2005.DIC.
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Ribadelago de Franco, Castille and Leon, Spain
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Portrait of Cyclidiopsis acus (Korschikoff, 1917), a colorless euglenoid flagellate. Similar in general morphology to Euglena acus but without plastids. Flexible but not metabolic. Swims or glides slowly. One short emergent flagellum less than one quarter body length. The pale orange stigma is visible here at the junction of the anterior apical canal and the reservoir. The contractile vacuole is posterior to the reservoir. Multiple long, needle-shaped paramylon bodies are visible in the cytoplasm. From standing freshwater. Boise, Idaho.June 2005.DIC.
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Distigma proteus Ehrenberg, 1838. Body highly metabolic, scarcely ever presenting the same contour, usually more or less elongate, with irregular constrictions and distensions, longer flagellum nearly equaling the body in length, the shorter one scarcely one quarter that length, endoplasm transparent, enclosing numerous dark coloured refringent corpuscles whose positions are constantly shifting from one extremely to the other in accordance with the peristaltic motions of the body, two minute, blackish, eye-like pigment-spots usually developed at the anterior extremity, tubular pharynx slender, greatly prolonged, contractile vacuole conspicuous, located close to the termination of the pharynx, nucleus ovate, subcentral. Length 44-106 microns
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Ribadelago, Castille and Leon, Spain
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SEM, various cells.
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Distigma proteus clavatum Playfair, 1921. Cells are 18-44 microns long and 8-12 microns wide. see Menoidium pellucidum var clavatum.
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SEM of dividing cell.
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Scanning electron micrographs showing two stages of contraction (metaboly).
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Scanning electron micrograph of anterior end.
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Euglenid without chloroplasts, highly metabolic, two flagellae, one of them trailing. More details in ZIP archive. Collection from sptagnum pond Dosenmoor near Neumuenster (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Images were taken using Zeiss Universal with Olympus C7070 CCD camera.
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Euglenid without chloroplasts, highly metabolic, two flagellae, one of them (short one) trailing. Scale bar indicates 50 µm. Sample from the pond Hegne Moor situated in the vicinity of Lake Constance (Bodensee, Southern Germany). Images were taken using Zeiss Universal with Olympus C7070 CCD camera.
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Motion study of Distigma proteus. Scale bar indicates 50 µm. Sample from the pond Hegne Moor situated in the vicinity of Lake Constance (Bodensee, Southern Germany). Images were taken using Zeiss Universal with Olympus C7070 CCD camera.
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Portrait of the euglenid flagellate, Eutreptia viridis (Perty, 1852). The cells are fusiform during swimming. The pellicle shows fine spiral striations. There are two equal length emergent flagella. The cells swim rapidly with the anterior end tracing a wide circle. When cells stop swimming they exhibit marked metaboly (euglenoid movement). There are numerous bright green discoid to ellipsoid chloroplasts. Paramylon granules are rod or disc-shaped. There is a prominent red eyespot associated with one of the flagella. There is an anterior subapical opening into the reservoir. A single contractile vacuole empties into the reservoir. The nucleus is central in swimming cells. Eutreptia has been most often reported from marine and brackish habitats but is also found uncommonly in fresh water.Collected from surface samples of a slow flowing organically enriched freshwater stream overgrown with duckweed (Lemnaceae) near Boise, Idaho. DIC.
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Eutreptiella (you-trep-tea-ella), a marine euglenid. The autotrophic euglenids (the ones with chloroplasts) are usually thought of as being freshwater organisms. A small number of species are found in marine habitats - the most commonly reported being Eutreptia (flagella equal in length) and Eutreptiella (flagella unequal in length) . Both have two or more emergent flagella, and these beat actively to propel the cell through the water. Euglenids have chlorophyll b in the plastids, and this gives them a bright green colour. The eyespot (stigma) lies outside the plastids. Euglenids are distinguished, in part, by the ridges under the cell membrane. Differential interference contrast.
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Eutreptiella (you-trep-tea-ella), a marine euglenid. The autotrophic euglenids (the ones with chloroplasts) are usually thought of as being freshwater organisms. A small number of species are found in marine habitats - the most commonly reported being Eutreptia (flagella equal in length) and Eutreptiella (flagella unequal in length) . Both have two or more emergent flagella, and these beat actively to propel the cell through the water. Euglenids have chlorophyll b in the plastids, and this gives them a bright green colour. The eyespot (stigma) lies outside the plastids. Euglenids are distinguished, in part, by the ridges under the cell membrane. This detailed image shows the pellicular ridges and the individual plastids. Differential interference contrast
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Eutreptiella (you-trep-tea-ella), a marine euglenid. The autotrophic euglenids (the ones with chloroplasts) are usually thought of as being freshwater organisms. A small number of species are found in marine habitats - the most commonly reported being Eutreptia (flagella equal in length) and Eutreptiella (flagella unequal in length) . Both have two or more emergent flagella, and these beat actively to propel the cell through the water. Euglenids have chlorophyll b in the plastids, and this gives them a bright green colour. Differential interference contrast.
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Eutreptiella (you-trep-tea-ella), a marine euglenid. The autotrophic euglenids (the ones with chloroplasts) are usually thought of as being freshwater organisms. A small number of species are found in marine habitats - the most commonly reported being Eutreptia (flagella equal in length) and Eutreptiella (flagella unequal in length) . Both have two or more emergent flagella, and these beat actively to propel the cell through the water. Euglenids have chlorophyll b in the plastids, and this gives them a bright green colour. The eyespot (stigma) lies outside the plastids. In this preparation some of the cells lacking flagella and aggregated to form a structure referred to as palmelloid. Differential interference contrast.