Comments
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A handsome tree cultivated along roadsides and in gardens for shade. The leaves and flowers are regarded to be medicinally important. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts particularly in time of scarcity. Immature seeds are not eaten as they may cause nausea and vertigo. Fibre is obtained from bark.
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Comments
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Sterculia foetida seems to be a rather weedy species of uncertain origin. The seeds are edible after toasting and taste like chestnuts (Castanea sativa Miller); they also contain an oil that is used medicinally, while the timber is used for making furniture and the bark for rope.
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Description
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A large, tree with whorls of horizontal branches. Leaves with 15-20 cm long petiole, palmately compound, 5-9-foliolate, leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, 6-15 cm long, 2-5 cm broad, glabrescent, entire, acute-acuminate. Flowers unisexual and bisexual on the same plant, 2-4 cm across, dull red, yellow or purplish, with offensive smell; pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm long. Calyx campanu late, 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, patent, acute. Staminal column c. 1 cm long, recurved, hairy at the base, with 10-15 anthers grouped into a head. Carpels 5; ovary globose, densely villous, 5-lobed, 5-loculed, each locule 12-20-ovuled; gynophore 4-6 mm long. Follicles 5, smooth, boat-shaped, short beaked, c. 10 cm long, 7-8 cm broad, 10-15-seeded, red when mature. Seeds hard, smooth, oblong or ovoid-oblong, c. 2.5 cm long, black.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Trees. Branches verticillate and spreading. Leaves apically clustered, palmately 7-9-foliolate; stipules arrow-shaped, caducous; petiole 10-20 cm; leaflet blades elliptic-lanceolate, 10-15 × 3-5 cm, at first pilose, glabrescent when mature, base cuneate, margin entire, apex long acuminate or caudate. Inflorescence apical on branchlets, paniculate, erect, many-flowered. Pedicels shorter than flowers. Epicalyx lobes minute. Calyx purple-red, ca. 12 mm, divided nearly to base, lobes elliptic-lanceolate, abaxially yellowish brown pubescent, adaxially upper half white villous. Male flowers: stamens 12-15, capitate. Female flowers: carpels 5, hairy. Style curved; stigma 5-divided. Follicle ellipsoid and boat-shaped, 5-8 cm, woody, nearly glabrous, apex acute into beak, 10-15-seeded. Seeds black, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm, smooth. Fl. Apr-May.
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Distribution
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Distribution: From north Australia eastwards to east tropical Africa through Malayasia, Burma, Bangla Desh, India, Ceylon and Moluccas.
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl.Per.: March-May.
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Habitat & Distribution
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Cultivated. Guangdong (Guangzhou), Guangxi, S Hainan (Sanya) [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, ?Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; native to India, now cultivated in tropical Africa, N Australia, and South America].
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Sterculia foetida
provided by wikipedia EN
Sterculia foetida is a soft wooded tree that can grow up to 35 metres (115 feet) tall.[2] Common names for the plant are the bastard poon tree, java olive tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree, and skunk tree.[2][3][4]
Description
The branches of Sterculia foetida are arranged in whorls; they spread horizontally. The tree's bark is smooth and gray. The leaves are placed at the end of branchlets; they have petioles ranging from 12.5 and 23 centimetres (4.9 and 9.1 inches) in length; the blades are palmately compound, containing 7–9 leaflets. The leaflets are elliptical, 100–170 mm long, and shortly petioled. The petioles are the source of the foul smell of the plant.[5] The flowers are arranged in panicles, 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long. The green or purple flowers are large and unisexual as the tree is dioecious (male and female flowers are found on different trees). The pollens are oval in shape, approximately 40 microns in length. The calyx is dull orange and is divided into five sepals, each one 10–13 millimetres (3⁄8–1⁄2 in) long. The fruit consists of four to five follicles, each follicle generally containing 10–15 seeds. The follicles are scarlet when ripe.[5] In India, flowers appear in March, and the leaves appear between March and April. At Hyderabad (India), flowering was observed in September–October (2015) with ripened fruits on the top part and young green fruits at the lower branches. The fruit is ripe in February (11 months after the flowers appeared).[5]
Taxonomy
The species was described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus.[6] It is the type species of the genus Sterculia and both names mean bad-smelling: the name Sterculia comes from Sterquilinus, the Roman god of fertilizer or manure.
Distribution
Sterculia foetida has been found in many areas, including India, Taiwan, Indochina, the Philippines (where it is known as kalumpang),[7] United States (Hawaii), Indonesia, Ghana, Australia, Mozambique, and Togo.[8]
Toxicity and uses
The oil of Sterculia foetida has been found to be comparable to sunflower, soybean, and grapeseed oils for the use of biofuels. Sterculia foetida oil contains cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFA) such as 8,9 methylene-heptadec-8-enoic acid (malvalic acid) and 9,10-methylene-ocadec-9-enoic acid (sterculic acid). The flash point, iodine value, free fatty acid count, phosphorus content, cloud point, pour point, viscosity at 40 °C, oxidative stability at 110 °C, density, and trace metal count are all within ASTM and EN specifications.[9]
Evidence suggests that the seeds are edible, but purgative,[4] and should be roasted prior to eating.[10] At least one review indicates that CPFA such as sterculic acid are carcinogenic, co-carcinogenic, and have medical and other effects on animals;[11] according to this review, "CPFA in food is dangerous to human health".
In Vietnam, the tree is called Trôm and its sap is harvested to use as a soft drink called "Mủ Trôm".
Gallery
Follicle and seeds - MHNT
Points marked in red are known occurrences of Stercula foetida
The flower in the lower part seems to have two styles.
References
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^ "Sterculia foetida L. — the Plant List".
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^ a b "Sterculia Foetida" – Meet the Plants – National Tropical Botanical Garden Plant Database. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.
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^ "Species Information". Worldagroforestry.org. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
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^ a b Hargreaves, Dorothy; Hargreaves, Bob (1964). Tropical Trees of Hawaii. Kailua, Hawaii: Hargreaves. p. 60.
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^ a b c "Sterculia foetida" (PDF). Worldagroforestry.org. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
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^ "vol. 2 - Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum - Biodiversity Heritage Library". Biodiversitylibrary.org. 2013-05-30. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
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^ "Kalumpang, Sterculia foetida, wild almond, Xiang ping po: Philippine Herbal Medicine / Philippine Alternative Medicine". www.stuartxchange.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
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^ "Sterculia foetida L. - Checklist View". Gbif.org. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
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^ J Am Oil Chem Soc (2012) 89:891–896
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^ Staples, G. W. & D. R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora.
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^ L. O. Hanus, P. Goldshlag, V. M. Dembitsky (2008). IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLOPROPYL FATTY ACIDS IN WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.) OIL. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2008, 152(1):41–45.
Media related to Stercula foetida at Wikimedia Commons
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Sterculia foetida: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Sterculia foetida is a soft wooded tree that can grow up to 35 metres (115 feet) tall. Common names for the plant are the bastard poon tree, java olive tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree, and skunk tree.
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.jpg)
Media related to Stercula foetida at Wikimedia Commons 
