Red Billed Gull

Larus novaehollandiae

are host of

• Global Biotic Interactions: Microphallus papillornatus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Gynaecotyla brisbanensis Deblock & Pearson 1968
• Global Biotic Interactions: Protoheterophyes spuriocirrus Pearson 2002
• Global Biotic Interactions: Galactosomum ussuriense Oshmarin 1963
• Global Biotic Interactions: Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell 1885

are parasitized by

• Global Biotic Interactions: Microphallus papillornatus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Gynaecotyla brisbanensis Deblock & Pearson 1968
• Global Biotic Interactions: Protoheterophyes spuriocirrus Pearson 2002
• Global Biotic Interactions: Galactosomum ussuriense Oshmarin 1963
• Global Biotic Interactions: Curtuteria australis Allison 1979

are symbionts of

• Global Biotic Interactions: Pseudomyicola spinosus

eat

• Global Biotic Interactions: Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) (European Pilchard)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & Marini 1935 (Argentine anchoita)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758) (European sprat)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Engraulis australis (White 1790) (Australian anchovy)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill 1814) (Atlantic round herring)

prey on

• Global Biotic Interactions: Austrovenus stutchburyi (W. Wood 1828)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Hemiplax hirtipes Hombron & Jacquinot 1846
• Global Biotic Interactions: Halicarcinus whitei (Miers 1876)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Abarenicola affinis (Ashworth 1903)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Exosphaeroma montis (Hurley & Jansen 1977)