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Cactus Apple

Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.

Comments

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The basal portions of stems seedlings of Opuntia engelmannii bear long hairlike spines.

The name Opuntia dillei Griffiths has been used for a spineless or nearly spineless morphotype of O. engelmannii.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 126, 128, 134, 135, 136, 139, 141 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Shrubs or trees, with short trunk , spreading to sometimes de-cumbent, 1-3 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, yellow-green to blue-green, flattened, circular to obovate to rhombic, or apex tapering, elongate, 15-40(-120) × 10-40 cm, ± tuberculate, gla-brous, often glaucous; areoles 5-8 per diagonal row across mid-stem segments, evenly distributed on stem segment to absent, subcircular to obovate, 4-7 × 4-6 mm; wool tawny, aging blackish. Spines (0-)1-6(-12) per areole, white to yellow, usually red to dark brown at extreme bases, aging gray to ± black, subulate, straight to curved, flattened to angular at least near base, the longest spreading to strongly reflexed, 10-30(-50) mm. Glochids widely spaced, sparse in crescent at adaxial edge, encircling areole or nearly so, and scattered in subapical tuft, yellow to red-brown, aging gray to blackish, of irregular lengths, to 10 mm. Flowers: inner tepals uniformly yellow to buff, sometimes orange to pink to red (rarely whitish), 30-40 mm; filaments, anthers, and style whitish to cream; stigma lobes yellow-green to green. Fruits dark red to purple throughout, sometimes stipitate, ovate-elongate to barrel-shaped, 35-90 × 20-40 mm, juicy (bleeding and staining), glabrous, spineless; areoles 20-32 usually toward apex. Seeds tan to grayish, subcircular to deltoid, flattened, 2.5-6 × 2-5 mm; girdle protruding 0.3-0.5 mm.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 126, 128, 134, 135, 136, 139, 141 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Brief Summary

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Opuntia engelmannii

Common Name: cactus apple

Location: Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts

Elevation:1,500-6,200 feet

Description: Identified by it's broad, flat, green pads and white spines that are 3” long. The spines can either be curved or straight.These cactus thorns are modified leaves and the shape conserves the water and adds protection.. Glochids are also found on a prickly pear and are tiny barbed hairs found through out the pads. Can grow up to 5 feet tall and 10-15 feet wide. RIpe fruit can be found on the prickly pear in the beginning of July. This red fruit is also called “Tuna” and are edible. Prickly pears grow in washes, hillsides and in areas where the soil is sandy and dry. This plant needs full sun and are native to Sonoran Desert.

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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Opuntia engelmannii ( Catalan; Valencian )

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 src=
Fruit
 src=
Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis

Opuntia engelmannii és una espècie de fanerògama de la família de les Cactàcies. És nativa d'Amèrica del Nord a Mèxic, Arizona, Califòrnia i Texas.

És un arbust amb moltes branques ascendents o postrades longitudinalment. Forma coixins densos, que arriben a una alçada de fins a 3,5 m. Rarament es formen colònies. Els cladodis són d'ovats a arrodonits, allargats, de color verd a blau-verd de 15 a 30 cm de longitud i 12 cm d'ample. Les arèoles són el·líptiques, de 2,5 a 4 cm de distància amb els gloquidis de color marró amb l'edat. Té d'1 a 8 espines, que poden estar absents a les arèoles inferiors. Aquestes espines són de color groguenc, subulades, lleugerament aplanades i mesuren entre 1 i 6 cm de longitud. Les flors són grogues, a vegades vermelles de 5 a 8 cm. Els fruits són carnosos, de color porpra, ovoides de 3 a 7 cm de longitud i amb un diàmetre de 2 a 4 cm.

Taxonomia

Opuntia engelmannii va ser descrita per Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. i publicada a Cacteae in Horto Dyckensi Cultae (ed. 1849) 67, 235. 1849[1850].[1]

Etimologia

Sinonímia

  • Opuntia X subarmata Griffiths (pro sp.)
  • Opuntia cantabrigiensis Lynch
  • Opuntia subarmata Griffiths
  • Opuntia bensonii Sánchez-Mej.
  • Opuntia neochrysacantha Bravo
  • Opuntia rastrera F. A. C. Weber[4]

Referències

  1. «Opuntia engelmannii». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. [Consulta: 13 gener 2013].
  2. Opuntia a Nombres Botánicos.
  3. Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3, S. 76.
  4. «Opuntia engelmannii a EOL» (en anglès). [Consulta: 24 juliol 2014].

Bibliografia

  • CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  • Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Veg. Fl. Sonoran Des. 2 vols. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Opuntia engelmannii Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata  src= Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.
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Opuntia engelmannii: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA
 src= Fruit  src= Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis

Opuntia engelmannii és una espècie de fanerògama de la família de les Cactàcies. És nativa d'Amèrica del Nord a Mèxic, Arizona, Califòrnia i Texas.

És un arbust amb moltes branques ascendents o postrades longitudinalment. Forma coixins densos, que arriben a una alçada de fins a 3,5 m. Rarament es formen colònies. Els cladodis són d'ovats a arrodonits, allargats, de color verd a blau-verd de 15 a 30 cm de longitud i 12 cm d'ample. Les arèoles són el·líptiques, de 2,5 a 4 cm de distància amb els gloquidis de color marró amb l'edat. Té d'1 a 8 espines, que poden estar absents a les arèoles inferiors. Aquestes espines són de color groguenc, subulades, lleugerament aplanades i mesuren entre 1 i 6 cm de longitud. Les flors són grogues, a vegades vermelles de 5 a 8 cm. Els fruits són carnosos, de color porpra, ovoides de 3 a 7 cm de longitud i amb un diàmetre de 2 a 4 cm.

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Opuntia engelmannii ( German )

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Früchte

Opuntia engelmannii ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung der Opuntien (Opuntia) aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton engelmannii ehrt den US-amerikanischen Botaniker George Engelmann.[1]

Beschreibung

Opuntia engelmannii wächst strauchig mit zahlreichen aufsteigenden oder der Länge nach hingestreckten Zweigen. Sie bildet dichte Polster, die eine Wuchshöhe von bis zu 3,5 Metern erreichen. Ein Stamm wird nur selten ausgebildet. Die umgekehrt-eiförmigen bis runden, gelegentlich länglichen Triebabschnitte sind grün bis selten blaugrün. Sie sind 15 bis 30 Zentimeter lang, 12 bis 20 Zentimeter breit und bis zu 2 Zentimeter dick. Die elliptischen, 2,5 bis 4 Zentimeter auseinanderstehenden Areolen tragen gelbe Glochiden die im Alter braun werden. Die 1 bis 8 Dornen, die an den unteren Areolen manchmal auch fehlen können, sind sehr variabel und liegen nahe der Oberfläche der Triebabschnitte. Sie sind gelblich, pfriemlich, leicht abgeflacht und werden zwischen 1 und 6 Zentimeter lang.

Die gelben, manchmal rötlichen Blüten erreichen eine Länge und einen Durchmesser von 5 bis 8 Zentimeter. Die fleischigen, violetten Früchte sind umgekehrt-eiförmig bis länglich. Sie sind 3 bis 7 Zentimeter lang und weisen einen Durchmesser von 2 bis 4 Zentimeter auf.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 66.[2]

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung

Opuntia engelmannii ist in den US-Bundesstaaten Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma und Louisiana in Höhenlagen von 150 bis 1800 Metern verbreitet. Von dort erstreckt sich das Verbreitungsgebiet durch Nord- und Mittelmexiko südlich bis in die mexikanischen Bundesstaaten San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas und Hidalgo.

Die Erstbeschreibung wurde 1850 von George Engelmann veröffentlicht, der den von Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck vergebenen Namen nutzte.[3]

Es werden folgende Varietäten unterschieden:[4]

  • Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. flexospina (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. laevis (J.M.Coult.) Felger
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Least Concern (LC)“, d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt. Die Entwicklung der Populationen wird als stabil angesehen.[5]

Verwendung

Von den Pima werden erwärmte Triebabschnitte von Opuntia engelmannii auf die Brüste einer neuen Mutter gelegt um deren Milchfluss anzuregen.

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3, S. 76.
  2. Opuntia engelmannii bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  3. George Engelmann: Plantae Lindheimerinae, Part II. Cactaceaceae. In: Boston Journal of Natural History. Band 6, Nummer 2, Boston (MA) 1850, S. 207–208 (online).
  4. Nadja Korotkova, David Aquino, Salvador Arias, Urs Eggli, Alan Franck, Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa, Pablo C. Guerrero, Héctor M. Hernández, Andreas Kohlbecker, Matias Köhler, Katja Luther, Lucas C. Majure, Andreas Müller, Detlev Metzing, Reto Nyffeler, Daniel Sánchez, Boris Schlumpberger, Walter G. Berendsohn: Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family – Electronic supplement. In: Willdenowia. Band 51, Nr. 2, 2021, S. 261–263 (doi:10.3372/wi.51.51208).
  5. Opuntia engelmannii in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2014.3. Eingestellt von: Corral-Díaz, R., Goettsch, B.K., Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Heil, K., Hernández, H.M. & Terry, M., 2013. Abgerufen am 3. Januar 2015.

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Opuntia engelmannii: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Früchte

Opuntia engelmannii ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung der Opuntien (Opuntia) aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton engelmannii ehrt den US-amerikanischen Botaniker George Engelmann.

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Opuntia engelmannii

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Opuntia engelmannii is a prickly pear common across the south-central and Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It goes by a variety of common names, including desert prickly pear, discus prickly pear, Engelmann's prickly pear[2] in the US, and nopal, abrojo, joconostle, and vela de coyote in Mexico.

The nomenclatural history of this species is somewhat complicated due to the varieties, as well as its habit of hybridizing with Opuntia phaeacantha. It differs from Opuntia phaeacantha by being green year round instead of turning reddish purple during winter or dry seasons, as well as having yellow flowers with red centers.[3]

Varieties

  • Opuntia engelmannii var. cuijanopal cuijo; endemic to Mexico, in Guanajuato, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí.[4]
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmanniiEngelmann's prickly pear; Mexico, southwestern U.S., California [5][6]
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispinayellow-spined prickly pear; Arizona, Mexico
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. laevissmooth prickly pear; Arizona[3]
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeriTexas prickly pear; endemic to U.S. in Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.[7]
  • Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformiscow's tongue cactus, cow tongue prickly pear; Texas [8]

Opuntia engelmannii var. flexospina is most likely a spiny form of Opuntia aciculata.[9][10]

Distribution

The Opuntia engelmannii range extends from California to Louisiana in the United States, and from Sonora (state) and Chihuahua (state), to the Tamaulipan matorral in north and central Tamaulipas.[2]

In the Sonoran Desert, terminal pads face predominantly east-west, so as to maximize the absorption of solar radiation during summer rains. Although found occasionally in the Mojave Desert, it tends to be replaced by Opuntia basilaris, which does not need the summer rain.

Naturalised in southern and eastern Africa, including Loisaba in Kenya.[11]

Description

The overall form of Opuntia engelmannii is generally shrubby, with dense clumps up to 3.5 metres (11 ft) high, usually with no apparent trunk. The pads are green (rarely blue-green), obovate to round, about 15–30 cm long and 12–20 cm wide.[12]

The glochids are yellow initially, then brown with age. Spines are extremely variable, with anywhere from 1-8 per areole, and often absent from lower areoles; they are yellow to white, slightly flattened, and 1–6 cm long.

The flowers are yellow, occasionally reddish, 5–8 cm in diameter and about as long. Flowering is in April and May, with each bloom lasting only one day, opening at about 8AM and closing 8 hours later. Pollinators include solitary bees, such as the Antophoridae, and sap beetles.

The purple fleshy fruits are 3–7 cm long.

Uses

The fruits were a reliable summer food for Native American tribes.[13] The Tohono O'odham of the Sonoran Desert, in particular, classified the fruits by color, time of ripening, and how well they kept in storage.

Opuntia engelmannii is cultivated as an ornamental plant, for use in drought tolerant gardens, container plantings, and natural landscaping projects.[14]

References

  1. ^ Corral-Díaz, R.; Goettsch, B.K.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, C.; Heil, K.; Hernández, H.M.; Terry, M. (2017) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Opuntia engelmannii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T152531A121598710. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152531A121598710.en. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Opuntia engelmannii". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2013-03-23.
  3. ^ a b Felger, R.S; Hawkins, J.A.; Verrier, J. (2017-07-18). "New combinations for Sonoran Desert plants" (PDF). Phytoneuron (48): 1–6.
  4. ^ "Opuntia engelmannii var. cuija". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  6. ^ Jepson Manual treatment for Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii
  7. '^ USDA: var. lindheimeri
  8. ^ "Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  9. ^ "Opuntia aciculata". Opuntia Web. 2011-12-23. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  10. ^ "Opuntia engelmannii var. flexospina (Griffiths) B.D.Parfitt & Pinkava". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  11. ^ "Factsheet - Opuntia engelmannii (Prickly Pear Cactus)". Lucid Key Server. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
  12. ^ "Opuntia engelmannii, original description" (PDF). 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
  13. ^ U. of Michigan: Native American Ethnobotany Database
  14. ^ Master Gardeners of the University of Arizona Pima County Cooperative Extension — Opuntia engelmannii
  • Edward F. Anderson, The Cactus Family (Timber Press, 2001), pp. 497–498
  • Raymond M. Turner, Janice E. Bowers, and Tony L. Burgess, Sonoran Desert Plants: an Ecological Atlas (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1995) pp. 291–293

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Opuntia engelmannii: Brief Summary

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Opuntia engelmannii is a prickly pear common across the south-central and Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It goes by a variety of common names, including desert prickly pear, discus prickly pear, Engelmann's prickly pear in the US, and nopal, abrojo, joconostle, and vela de coyote in Mexico.

The nomenclatural history of this species is somewhat complicated due to the varieties, as well as its habit of hybridizing with Opuntia phaeacantha. It differs from Opuntia phaeacantha by being green year round instead of turning reddish purple during winter or dry seasons, as well as having yellow flowers with red centers.

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Opuntia engelmannii ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm., es una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae. Es nativa de Norteamérica en México, Arizona, California y Texas.

Descripción

 src=
Fruto del opuntia engelmannii
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var. linguiformis

Opuntia engelmannii es un arbusto con muchas ramas ascendentes o postradas longitudinalmente. Forma cojines densos, que alcanzan una altura de hasta 3,5 metros. Una colonia se forma raramente. Los cladodios son ovados a redondeados, alargados, de color verde a azul-verde de 15 a 30 centímetros de largo, 12 de ancho. Las areolas son elípticas, a 2,5 a 4 cm de distancia con los gloquidios de color marrón con la edad. Tiene 1-8 espinas , que pueden estar ausentes en las aréolas inferiores, son de color amarillento, subuladas, ligeramente aplanadas y tienen entre 1 y 6 cm de largo. Las flores son amarillas, a veces rojas de 5 a 8 centímetros. Los frutos son carnosos, de color púrpura, ovoides de 3 a 7 centímetros de longitud y con un diámetro de 2 a 4 centímetros.

Taxonomía

Opuntia engelmannii fue descrita por Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. y publicado en Cacteae in Horto Dyckensi Cultae (ed. 1849) 67, 235. 1849[1850].[1][2]

Etimología

Opuntia: nombre genérico que proviene del griego usado por Plinio el Viejo para una planta que creció alrededor de la ciudad de Opus en Grecia.[3]

engelmannii: epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico George Engelmann.[4]

Variedades
Sinonimia
  • Opuntia basilaris
  • Opuntia treleasei
  • Opuntia brachyclada
  • Opuntia humistrata
  • Opuntia whitneyana
  • Opuntia longiareolata
  • Opuntia basilaris[2]

Referencias

  1. «Opuntia engelmannii». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 13 de enero de 2013.
  2. a b Opuntia engelmannii en PlantList
  3. en Nombres Botánicos
  4. Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3, S. 76.

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Opuntia engelmannii: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm., es una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae. Es nativa de Norteamérica en México, Arizona, California y Texas.

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Opuntia engelmannii ( French )

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Opuntia engelmannii est un cactus de la famille des Cactaceae et du genre Opuntia qui est présent dans le sud-ouest américain et le nord du Mexique. Il fait partie des cactus dont les fruits sont consommés par les Amérindiens de la tribu Tohono O'odham.

Répartition et habitat

 src=
Fruit de opuntia engelmannii

La plante est présente au Mexique et au sud-ouest des États-Unis. On le trouve plus particulièrement dans les états américains de Californie, du Texas, d'Arizona, du Nouveau-Mexique, de l'Utah et du Nevada. Vers l'ouest, il est aussi présent dans le Mississippi, en Louisiane, en Oklahoma et au Missouri[2].

Notes et références

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Opuntia engelmannii: Brief Summary ( French )

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Opuntia engelmannii est un cactus de la famille des Cactaceae et du genre Opuntia qui est présent dans le sud-ouest américain et le nord du Mexique. Il fait partie des cactus dont les fruits sont consommés par les Amérindiens de la tribu Tohono O'odham.

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Stambiavaisė opuncija ( Lithuanian )

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Binomas Opuntia engelmannii

Stambiavaisė opuncija (Opuntia engelmannii) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos stambus, segmentuotas augalas. Žiedai geltoni ar rausvi.

Auga JAV pietvakariuose, dykumose, ir Meksikoje.

Nuorodos

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Stambiavaisė opuncija (Opuntia engelmannii)
 src=
Capsicum opuntia engelmannii


Vikiteka

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Stambiavaisė opuncija: Brief Summary ( Lithuanian )

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Stambiavaisė opuncija (Opuntia engelmannii) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos stambus, segmentuotas augalas. Žiedai geltoni ar rausvi.

Auga JAV pietvakariuose, dykumose, ir Meksikoje.

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Opuntia engelmannii ( Vietnamese )

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Opuntia engelmannii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được Salm-Dyck mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1849.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Opuntia engelmannii. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 8 năm 2013.

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Opuntia engelmannii: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Opuntia engelmannii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được Salm-Dyck mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1849.

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