Clusia és un gènere de plantes la de la família Clusiaceae. Comprenent entre 140 i 150 espècies, és originària de l'Amèrica tropical i subtropical. Les seves espècies són arbusts, vides i arbres petits i mitjans de fins a 20 m d'altura, amb fullatge perennifoli. Algunes espècies germinen com epífits, desenvolupen després llargues arrels que baixen fins a la terra i finalment estrangulen i maten a l'arbre amfitrió, de forma similar als banians. Les fulles són oposades, de 5-20 cm de llarg i 5-10 cm d'ample, amb teixidura coriàcia i un marge complet. Les flors són blanques, verdoses, grocs o vermelles, amb 4-9 pètals. El fruit és una càpsula valvada coriàcia marró verdosa que s'obre per a alliberar diverses llavors vermelles cobertes de carn.
Clusia és un gènere de plantes la de la família Clusiaceae. Comprenent entre 140 i 150 espècies, és originària de l'Amèrica tropical i subtropical. Les seves espècies són arbusts, vides i arbres petits i mitjans de fins a 20 m d'altura, amb fullatge perennifoli. Algunes espècies germinen com epífits, desenvolupen després llargues arrels que baixen fins a la terra i finalment estrangulen i maten a l'arbre amfitrió, de forma similar als banians. Les fulles són oposades, de 5-20 cm de llarg i 5-10 cm d'ample, amb teixidura coriàcia i un marge complet. Les flors són blanques, verdoses, grocs o vermelles, amb 4-9 pètals. El fruit és una càpsula valvada coriàcia marró verdosa que s'obre per a alliberar diverses llavors vermelles cobertes de carn.
Clusia is the type genus of the plant family Clusiaceae. Comprising 300-400 species, it is native to the tropics of the Americas. The genus is named by Carl Linnaeus in honor of the botanist Carolus Clusius.
The closest relatives of Clusia are the neotropical genera Chrysochlamys, Tovomita, Dystovomita and Tovomitopsis. Together with Clusia, these genera form the tribe Clusieae, where the fruit is a fleshy capsule with arillate seeds.
The distribution ranges from the Florida Keys and southern Mexico to southernmost Brazil, and from near sea level to at least 3500 m altitude in the northern Andes. Species of Clusia are a characteristic component of a number of Neotropical vegetation types, and may even be dominant, as is often seen in montane forests of the Greater Antilles. Most species are found in lowland or montane rainforests, but some occur in drier habitats such as the restingas of Brazil, caribbean coastal scrub and dry interandean valleys. A number of species are confined to rocky habitats, such as tepuis or granitic inselbergs. A few grow as scattered shrubs in paramo. The apomictic Clusia rosea is an invasive alien in Hawaii and Sri Lanka, and possibly elsewhere.
Its species are shrubs, vines and small to medium-size trees up to 20 m tall, with evergreen foliage. Some species start life as epiphytes which grow long roots that descend to the ground and eventually strangle and kill the host tree in a manner similar to strangler figs.
Many Clusia species have Crassulacean acid metabolism, which can be considered an adaptation to the often dry (micro)habitats of the genus.[1]
The plants contain variously coloured latex in stems, leaves and fruit. The leaves are simple, entire and opposite, 5–70 cm long and 2–20 cm broad. Leaf texture is usually leathery, less commonly rigid or slightly succulent. Flower size varies from ca 5 mm wide (e.g. Clusia gundlachii) to ca 150 mm in Clusia grandiflora. The 4-9 petals are white, cream, yellow, pink, red, blackish or green. Flowers are unisexual and plants are dioecious (pistillate and staminate flowers are borne on separate plants). Stamen number ranges from four to several hundred. Shape and size of stamens are extremely variable. Sterile stamens are often present, both in pistillate and staminate flowers. Stigmas are four to 16 in number and usually sessile. The fruit is a leathery valvate capsule which splits open to release several red or orange, fleshy-coated seeds.
Pollination involves a range of different animals, and several types of rewards. Floral resin occurs in many, probably most species of Clusia. The resin is produced by the stamens (by sterile stamens, referred to as staminodes, in pistillate flowers) and is collected by bees that use it in nest construction. Nectar is most common in montane species, e.g. Clusia clusioides, and these flowers are visited by insects such as moths and wasps, and sometimes by bats or hummingbirds. In flowers lacking nectar or resin, pollination may be carried out by pollen-eating beetles, which visit also the rewardless pistillate flowers, as observed in Clusia criuva. Clusia blattophila is pollinated by male cockroaches attracted by a pheromone-containing fluid produced by the flowers. [2]
Seeds are dispersed by birds and perhaps, in some cases, by small mammals.
Clusia plants provide excellent nesting sites for some insects. For instance, Clusia grandiflora, a common species in Guianese forests, is an attractive place for Polistes pacificus wasps to build their paper nests because arboreal ants, which often prey on these wasps, do not normally reside in this species of tree.[3]
The wood of Clusia is highly durable, and is sometimes used for roof construction. The latex and the floral resin have antiseptic properties and have been used to seal wounds. Dry latex is sometimes burned like incense in churches. A few species are grown as house plants, or, in tropical areas, as ornamental trees and shrubs. Examples are Clusia rosea, C. major and C. orthoneura.
-_leaf_with_autograph,_flower,_fresh_fruit,_and_dried_fruit.jpg)
Autograph tree (C. rosea): leaf with autograph, flower, fresh fruit, and dried fruit.
Clusia lanceolata, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
Correia MCR, Ormond WT, Pinheiro MCB, Lima HA (1993) Estudos da biologia floral de Clusia criuva Camb. um caso de mimetismo. Bradea 24:209–219
Gustafsson, M. H. G. and V. Bittrich (2003) Evolution of morphological diversity and resin secretion in flowers of Clusia L. (Clusiaceae): insights from ITS sequence variation. Nordic Journal of Botany 22: 183-203.
Gustafsson, M. H. G. (2012) A new xeromorphic species of Clusia (Clusiaceae) from dry valleys of northern Peru. Novon 20: 414-417
Gustafsson, M. H. G., V. Bittrich and K. Winter (2007) Diversity, phylogeny and classification of Clusia. In U. Lüttge (ed.) Ecological studies vol. 194. Clusia: a woody Neotropical genus of remarkable plasticity and diversity, pp. 95–116. Springer, Heidelberg.
Bittrich, V and M. C. E. Amaral (1996)Flower Morphology and Pollination Biology of Some Clusia Species from the Gran Sabana (Venezuela) Kew Bulletin 51: 681-694.
Clusia grandiflora - MHNT Clusia is the type genus of the plant family Clusiaceae. Comprising 300-400 species, it is native to the tropics of the Americas. The genus is named by Carl Linnaeus in honor of the botanist Carolus Clusius.
The closest relatives of Clusia are the neotropical genera Chrysochlamys, Tovomita, Dystovomita and Tovomitopsis. Together with Clusia, these genera form the tribe Clusieae, where the fruit is a fleshy capsule with arillate seeds.
The distribution ranges from the Florida Keys and southern Mexico to southernmost Brazil, and from near sea level to at least 3500 m altitude in the northern Andes. Species of Clusia are a characteristic component of a number of Neotropical vegetation types, and may even be dominant, as is often seen in montane forests of the Greater Antilles. Most species are found in lowland or montane rainforests, but some occur in drier habitats such as the restingas of Brazil, caribbean coastal scrub and dry interandean valleys. A number of species are confined to rocky habitats, such as tepuis or granitic inselbergs. A few grow as scattered shrubs in paramo. The apomictic Clusia rosea is an invasive alien in Hawaii and Sri Lanka, and possibly elsewhere.
Clusia es el género tipo de la familia Clusiaceae. Son originarias de la América tropical y subtropical. Comprende 408 especies descritas y de estas, solo 306 aceptadas.[1]
Sus especies son arbustos, vides y árboles pequeños y medianos de hasta 20 m de altura, con follaje perennifolio.
Algunas especies germinan como epifitas, desarrollan luego largas raíces que bajan hasta la tierra y finalmente estrangulan y matan al árbol anfitrión, de forma parecida a los banianos.
Las hojas son opuestas, de 5-20 cm de largo y 5-10 cm de ancho, con textura coriácea y un margen completo. Las flores son blancas, blanco verdosas, amarillas o rojas, con 4-9 pétalos. La fruta es una cápsula valvada corácea marrón verdosa que se abre para liberar varias semillas rojas de cubierta carnosa.
El género fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 509. 1753.[2] La especie tipo es: Clusia major
Clusia: nombre genérico otorgado en honor del botánico Carolus Clusius.
Los siguientes nombres son sinónimos del género Clusia:
Clusia es el género tipo de la familia Clusiaceae. Son originarias de la América tropical y subtropical. Comprende 408 especies descritas y de estas, solo 306 aceptadas.
Clusia L., 1753 est un genre de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Clusiaceae. L'espèce type est Clusia major L.. Il comprend de 140 à 150 espèces et est originaire d'Amérique tropicale et subtropicale.
Ses espèces sont des arbustes, des plantes grimpantes de petite à moyenne taille ou des arbres jusqu'à 20 m de haut, au feuillage persistant. Certaines commencent leur vie comme espèce épiphyte, naissant dans la crevasse d'un vieil arbre puis développant de longues racines qui descendent vers le sol et finissent par étouffer et tuer l'arbre hôte, d'une manière similaire aux figuiers étrangleurs.
Les feuilles sont subsessiles, cunéiformes à obovales, opposées, de 5 à 20 cm de long et 5 à 10 cm de large, avec une texture de cuir et une marge entière. Les fleurs sont de couleur blanche à blanc verdâtre, jaune ou rose, avec 4 à 9 pétales, nombreuses étamines en nombre variable, style nul. Le fruit est une grosse capsule, globuleuse, brun verdâtre, valvulaire, coriace, qui s'ouvre pour libérer 7 à 9 graines rouges, charnues.
Le genre a été nommé en l'honneur du botaniste Charles de L'Écluse (Carolus Clusius)[1].
Selon World Flora Online (WFO) (04 février 2022)[3] :
Selon GBIF (04 février 2022)[4] :
Feuille, fleur et fruits vert et mûr
Clusia rosea sur Livistona chinensis
Fruit et graines
Clusia grandiflora - Muséum de Toulouse
Clusia L., 1753 est un genre de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Clusiaceae. L'espèce type est Clusia major L.. Il comprend de 140 à 150 espèces et est originaire d'Amérique tropicale et subtropicale.
Ses espèces sont des arbustes, des plantes grimpantes de petite à moyenne taille ou des arbres jusqu'à 20 m de haut, au feuillage persistant. Certaines commencent leur vie comme espèce épiphyte, naissant dans la crevasse d'un vieil arbre puis développant de longues racines qui descendent vers le sol et finissent par étouffer et tuer l'arbre hôte, d'une manière similaire aux figuiers étrangleurs.
Les feuilles sont subsessiles, cunéiformes à obovales, opposées, de 5 à 20 cm de long et 5 à 10 cm de large, avec une texture de cuir et une marge entière. Les fleurs sont de couleur blanche à blanc verdâtre, jaune ou rose, avec 4 à 9 pétales, nombreuses étamines en nombre variable, style nul. Le fruit est une grosse capsule, globuleuse, brun verdâtre, valvulaire, coriace, qui s'ouvre pour libérer 7 à 9 graines rouges, charnues.
Le genre a été nommé en l'honneur du botaniste Charles de L'Écluse (Carolus Clusius).
Kluzija (lat. Clusia), biljni rod iz porodice kluzijevki.Blizu 290 priznatih vrsta vazdazelenog grmlja i drveća[1] u tropskoj Americi.
Kluzija (lat. Clusia), biljni rod iz porodice kluzijevki.Blizu 290 priznatih vrsta vazdazelenog grmlja i drveća u tropskoj Americi.
Clusia est typus familiae Clusiacearum. Ea, quae circa 140–150 species comprehendit, est in Americá tropicá subtropicáque endemica. Species sunt frutices, lianae, et parvae mediaeque arbores ad 20 m altae, foliis sempervirentia. Aliquae species primum epiphyta gignuntur, tum longas radices evolvunt, quae ad solum descendentes hospitem ad ultimum arborem strangulant et interficiunt, modo ficorum strangulantium simili.
Folia sunt opposita, 5–20 cm longa et 5–10 cm lata, texturá coriaceá et margine integrá. Flores sunt albi et virido-albi, flavi, vel rosei, petalibus 4–9. Fructus est capsula coriacea virido-fusca valvata, quae diffindens pluria semina rubra et carnosa liberat.
Genus Clusia ex Carolo Clusio botanistá appellatur.
Clusia est typus familiae Clusiacearum. Ea, quae circa 140–150 species comprehendit, est in Americá tropicá subtropicáque endemica. Species sunt frutices, lianae, et parvae mediaeque arbores ad 20 m altae, foliis sempervirentia. Aliquae species primum epiphyta gignuntur, tum longas radices evolvunt, quae ad solum descendentes hospitem ad ultimum arborem strangulant et interficiunt, modo ficorum strangulantium simili.
Folia sunt opposita, 5–20 cm longa et 5–10 cm lata, texturá coriaceá et margine integrá. Flores sunt albi et virido-albi, flavi, vel rosei, petalibus 4–9. Fructus est capsula coriacea virido-fusca valvata, quae diffindens pluria semina rubra et carnosa liberat.
Genus Clusia ex Carolo Clusio botanistá appellatur.
Kluzja, okrętnica (Clusia L.) – rodzaj roślin z rodziny kluzjowatych pochodzący z rejonu Morza Karaibskiego. Żywica tych roślin bywa używana do uszczelniania łodzi[2].
Kluzja, okrętnica (Clusia L.) – rodzaj roślin z rodziny kluzjowatych pochodzący z rejonu Morza Karaibskiego. Żywica tych roślin bywa używana do uszczelniania łodzi.
Clusia L. é um género botânico pertencente à família Clusiaceae.[1]
Клузия (лат. Clusia) — род двудольных растений семейства Клузиевые. Насчитывает более 150[2] — 300[3] видов.
Род Клузия был назван Шарлем Плюмье в честь Карла Клузиуса[4].
Виды рода Клузия — это деревья или кустарники; часто эпифитные, в основном двудомные растения[2]. Листья у растений противоположные, кожистые, голые, с коротким черешком[2].
Виды рода Клузия распространены в тропических областях Америки, причём две трети из видов встречаются в Южной Америке[2]. В Эквадоре представлены, вероятно, около 25 видов; 14 видов встречаются в Андах[2].
По информации базы данных The Plant List, род включает 307 видов[5]. Некоторые из них:
Клузия (лат. Clusia) — род двудольных растений семейства Клузиевые. Насчитывает более 150 — 300 видов.
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