Biology
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The robust skink is a nocturnal animal (5), which is known to feed on fruits (6), although like most other skinks, it probably also feeds on arthropods (7). During certain times of the year, fruit comprises around a third of the diet and as the seeds pass through undamaged, the skink may play a role in dispersing the seeds of some of New Zealand's flora (6).
Conservation
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The robust skink has been the focus of a significant amount of conservation action. Two recovery plans have been published for this species; the first in 1992 laid out a five-year plan, while the second, made in 2002, set out objectives for the next ten years in order to build on the conservation work undertaken as part of the first plan (5).
As a result of these plans, rodents were removed from islands with suitable habitat for the robust skink, and skinks were then translocated to the now predator-free islands, establishing four new skink populations (5). Of the six small islands where natural populations of robust skinks occur, three are reserves where access can be controlled and another is protected by its extreme inaccessibility (5). This offers the robust skink some protection from the introduction of a predator to the islands, which could potentially have devastating consequences for this vulnerable reptile.
Description
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A relatively large New Zealand skink, the robust skink has, as its names suggests, a rather thickset body with a short, blunt head (2). The back is brown and patterned with irregular large, pale blotches with dark edges. The sides of the body are yellowish-grey with dark markings above the forelimbs, and the underside is yellowish (4). Beneath each conspicuously large eye sits a yellow tear-drop shaped marking, edged with black (2) (4). The limbs and toes of the robust skink are short and stumpy and the tail is thick at the base, but tapers abruptly (4). Previously classified within the genus Cyclodina, recent molecular evidence suggests that the robust skink, together with all native New Zealand skinks, should be placed within a single genus, Oligosoma (1).
Habitat
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The robust skink can be found under rocks, tree stumps, fallen logs or in seabird burrows, in areas where there is a dense cover of vegetation and much leaf litter (5). Robust skinks can lose a lot of water through their skin and so they generally inhabit damp environments in order to minimize this loss (5).
Range
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In the past, the robust skink was found throughout much of the North Island, New Zealand and on many offshore islands. Today, natural populations of this lizard are found on just six small islands around the northern North Island: Matapia Island, Moturoa Island, Tatapihi (Groper) Island, Middle Island, Green Island and Castle Island. The largest of these islands, Middle Island, measures just 13 hectares in area. Robust skink populations have also been translocated to Korapuki Island, Stanley Island, Red Mercury Island and Motuopao Island (5).
Status
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Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (3).
Threats
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Once widespread on the mainland, and now only found on islands free of all introduced mammalian predators, the robust skink was probably lost from the mainland soon after Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) arrived around 1,000 years ago (5) (8). This highlights how exceptionally vulnerable the robust skink is to predation (2) and shows that the greatest threat facing the robust skink today is the possibility of a predator (a rodent, cat or mustelid) being introduced to the islands on which it occurs (2).
Distribution
provided by ReptileDB
Continent: Oceania
Distribution: New Zealand (North Island / Mercury Islands)
Robust skink
provided by wikipedia EN
The robust skink (Oligosoma alani, formerly Cyclodina alani) [2] is a large, rare species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to New Zealand.[1]
Geographic range
O. alani was once widespread throughout the North Island[4][5] but has been wiped out in most parts of its former range by predation from several species of introduced rats. It now occurs naturally only on six small islands off the north-eastern coast of the North Island.[4]
Etymology
The specific epithet, alani, was given by the describer Joan Robb in honour of her nephew, Alan Robb.[5]
Behaviour and habitat
The robust skink is strongly nocturnal and lives under rocks, or in seabird burrows, tree stumps, and fallen logs. It prefers well vegetated areas with plenty of leaf litter and tolerates coastal areas as long as there is dense vegetation cover.[6] Studies of the robust skink show that it is unusually vulnerable to losing water through its skin, which may explain its preference for damp environments such as crevices, bird burrows, rotting logs, and closely matted vegetation.[7]
Reproduction
O. alani is viviparous.[3]
References
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^ a b Hitchmough, R. (2021). "Oligosoma alani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T6010A120190303. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T6010A120190303.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
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^ a b Chapple, David G.; Ritchie, Peter A.; Daugherty, Charles H. (August 2009). "Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (2): 470–487. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.021. PMID 19345273. (Oligosoma alani, new combination).
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^ a b Species Oligosoma alani at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
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^ a b Morris, Rod; Ballance, Alison (2008). Rare Wildlife of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: Random House. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-86941-912-7.
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^ a b Gill, Brian; Whitaker, Tony (2001). New Zealand Frogs and Reptiles. David Bateman.
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^ Towns, David R. (August 1999), "Cyclodina spp. skink recovery plan 1999-2004 (TSRP-27). Threatened Species Recovery Plan Series, No. 27" (PDF), Science for Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation (Te Papa Atawhai): 69, ISBN 0478218389, ISSN 1173-2946
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^ Cree, A.; Daugherty, C. H.; Towns, D. R. Unpublished research. Cited in DOC TSRP-27.
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Robust skink: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The robust skink (Oligosoma alani, formerly Cyclodina alani) is a large, rare species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to New Zealand.
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