dcsimg

Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Conservation Status

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US Migratory Bird Act: no special status

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Cycle

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The larvae hatch at sunset the day after the courtship ritual of the parents and swim with the plankton for a month before developing into juveniles. This type of fish is not able to reproduce well in captivity because the larvae are unable to survive. The fish are considered protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning at the beginning of life all are females. Then as development continues the larger fish become males (Tullock, 1996).

Also during development a drastic change occurs in the coloration patterns of juvenile P. annularis to the adult. The juveniles start out with alternating, vertical blue and white stripes on a black background. This coloration pattern is similar to all large angelfish and P. annularis juveniles often are misidentified as P. chrysurus. However, the caudal fin is transparent in bluering angelfish but is yellow in P. chrysurus. Then as they mature into adults, the vertical blue and white stripes disappear, the caudal fin whitens, and the background becomes a dark orange to brown. Horizontal, curved blue lines also appear and run from the back of the head/pelvic fin area to the caudal and dorsal fins (Agbayani, 2002; Heemstra, 1986).

Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits

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None

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits

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The bluering angelfish is kept as an aquarium fish and is exported regularly from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) to the US and Europe (Heemstra, 1986; Agbayani, 2002).

Positive Impacts: pet trade

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Trophic Strategy

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P. annularis are omnivorous, eating benthic invertebrates such as zooplankton, sponges, tunicates and coral polyps. Also these fish eat ascidians, algae, weeds, and nektonic fishes (Steen, 1978; Agbayani, 2002).

Animal Foods: cnidarians; other marine invertebrates

Plant Foods: leaves; algae

Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore , Eats other marine invertebrates); herbivore (Folivore , Algivore); omnivore ; planktivore

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution

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Pomacanthus annularis live in the Indo-Pacific region ranging from Sri Lanka to the Solomon Islands and from the Philippines to the northern tip of Australia. Normally this range is from 25 degrees north to 25 degrees south (Agbayani, 2002; Heemstra, 1986).

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native ); australian (Native ); indian ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native )

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Habitat

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P. annularis is a tropical, marine (salt water) fish that lives around coastal rocky coral reefs and other hard bottom coastal areas. In their natural habitat the adults are normally found from 5-15 meters in depth, but as far down as 30 meters. The juveniles are usually at the upper range of the adults and sometimes are in even shallower water. When kept as aquarium fish, optimal temperature is 26 degrees Celsius with a pH of 8 and lots of light.

The adults of the genus Pomacanthus are normally haremic; one male defends a territory with two to five females living with the male. They are usually found alone or in pairs in caves in the rocky/coral oceanic bottom (Steen, 1978; Tullock, 1996; Agbayani, 2002).

Range depth: 3 to 30 m.

Average depth: 5-15 m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; saltwater or marine

Aquatic Biomes: benthic ; reef ; coastal

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy

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Some large angelfish, such as the P. annularis have been recorded to live up to 25 years in an aquarium (www.sphyraena.com/library/angelfish.html).

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
25 (high) years.

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology

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Adult P. annularis are a dark orange to brown color with white caudal fin, grow up to 12 inches in length, head to caudal fin and are monomorphic between sexes. Soft dorsal spine rays, numbering 20-21 are at times longer than normal so that they extend further than the rest of the dorsal spine rays. There are also 13 dorsal spines with the dorsal fins being continuous, three anal spines and 20 soft anal rays (Agbayani, 2002). Adult bluering angelfish have blue, horizontal curved lines that extend from the back of the head/pelvic fin area to the dorsal and caudal fins. Also there are two blue stripes that cross the face, one through the eye and the other below. Finally, the blue ring (where it gets its common name) is above and behind the operculum (Agbayani, 2002; Nelson, 1994; Thresher, 1984; Heemstra, 1986).

Members of the family Pomacanthidae were classified until recently in a family with butterfly fishes because they share many features "such as deep compressed bodies, ctenoid scales which extend out onto the median fins, a small mouth with brush-like teeth. But differ from butterfly fishes, however, in having a long spine at the corner of the preopercle (also smaller spines on the preopercle, opercle, and preorbital) (Allen, 1994). Other differences include the presence of a snout in angelfish and a pelvic axillary process (Helfman et al., 1997).

Range length: 20 to 45 cm.

Average length: 30.5 cm.

Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction

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Mating System: polygynous

For members of the genus Pomacanthus, spawning normally begins with the onset of dusk and is thought to be triggered by the decrease in light. However it is not known whether there is a correlation between time of year or with the lunar cycle and the onset of spawning in angelfish. The adults have a courtship ritual that ends in the male and female slowly swimming toward the surface of the water and releasing eggs and sperm. The larvae then swim with the plankton for a month before continuing development. Spawning is thought to take place between only one male and one female at a time, but males possibly mate with more than one female with in the group (Thresher, 1984; Agbayani, 2002; Tullock, 2002).

Range gestation period: 15 to 24 hours.

Average gestation period: 20 hours.

Key Reproductive Features: year-round breeding ; sequential hermaphrodite (Protogynous ); sexual ; fertilization (External )

Parental Investment: no parental involvement

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Brackney, A. 2003. "Pomacanthus annularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_annularis.html
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Abigail Brackney, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Diagnostic Description

provided by Fishbase
Description: Juveniles black with alternating white and blue curved well-spaced stripes on the sides. Adults golden brown or orange with well-spaced curved horizontal stripes radiating from the pectoral-fin base area, running along the sides towards the posterior portion of the dorsal fin. Two similar blue stripes run horizontally across the face, one running through the eye, from above the snout to the edge of the operculum. A blue ring is behind and slightly above the edge of the operculum. Caudal fin is white with bright yellow margin (Ref. 4859). Body depth 1.5-1.6 in SL. Scales longitudinal series about 70 (Ref. 90102).
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Recorder
Rodolfo B. Reyes
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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits coastal reefs to at least 30 m (Ref. 9710). Adults often found in pairs inside caves (Ref. 9710, 48636). Juveniles settle in very shallow inshore habitats with short filamentous algae growth on rock or dead coral substrates (Ref. 48636). Feeds on sponges and tunicates (Ref. 48391).
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Drina Sta. Iglesia
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20 - 21; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 20
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Biology

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Inhabits coastal reefs to at least 30 m (Ref. 9710). Adults often found in pairs inside caves (Ref. 9710, 48636). Juveniles settle in very shallow inshore habitats with short filamentous algae growth on rock or dead coral substrates (Ref. 48636). Feeds on sponges and tunicates (Ref. 48391). Undergoes a complete color transformation from the juvenile to adult stage. Regularly exported, e.g. from Sri Lanka, for the aquarium trade.
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Pascualita Sa-a
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Importance

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fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial
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Pascualita Sa-a
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分布

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分布於印度-西太平洋區,由莫三比克至菲律賓,北至日本,南至澳洲。台灣產於東部海域。
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利用

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一般以潛水方式捕捉。為觀賞魚類,無食用經濟價值。可存活於水族箱內。
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描述

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體略高而呈卵圓形;背部輪廓略突出,頭背於眼上方平直。吻鈍而小。眶前骨寬突,不游離;前鰓蓋骨後緣及下緣具弱鋸齒,具一長棘;鰓蓋骨後緣平滑。體被中型圓鱗,具數個副鱗;頭具絨毛狀鱗,頰部與奇鰭具小鱗。背鰭硬棘XIII,軟條21;臀鰭硬棘III,軟條19;背鰭與臀鰭軟條部後端截平;腹鰭尖,第一軟條延長;尾鰭鈍圓形。幼魚體呈橘紅色至紅褐色,由胸鰭基部向後上方斜走至背鰭軟條部有3-5條深藍弧形紋,體側另具數條新月形窄白橫帶。成魚體則呈黃褐色或灰褐色;由胸鰭基部向後上方斜走至背鰭軟條部有5-7條藍弧形紋,白橫帶消失;鰓蓋上方,側線前端處另有一約與眼徑相當之藍色環紋。背鰭及臀鰭軟條部暗色,具藍紋;尾鰭乳黃色。
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棲地

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棲息於沿岸至深達至少30公尺深的礁區。成魚通常成對於洞穴內。
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Bluering angelfish

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The bluering angelfish (Pomacanthus annularis), also known as the Annularis Angelfish and the Blue King Angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae.[3] It is member of the genus Pomacanthus, composed of large marine angelfish. [4]

Distribution

The bluering angelfish can be found in the Indo-West Pacific oceans from East Africa, throughout Indonesia and New Guinea to New Caledonia, north to southern Japan. [5]

Habitat

Bluering angelfishes inhabit coastal rocky coral reefs and may be also encountered in caves or on wrecks, at depths of 3–30 m (9.8–98.4 ft).[5][6][1]

Description

In Prague Sea aquarium

Bluering angelfish have adults which are mainly yellow with the body marked with obvious arcing blue lines and a blue circle shaped mark above the operculum. They frequently have an elongated tip to the dorsal fin and they have a white caudal fin with a yellow margin.[7] They also have a pair of blue stripes across the face, one runs through the eye and the second is situated immediately beneath the eye.[8] The juveniles have a bluish-black overall colour with thin white to blue coloured curved lines on their body.[7] The dorsal fin has 13 spines and 20-21 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 20 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 45 cm (18 in).[5]

Biology and behavior

Bluering angelfishes are frequently encountered in pairs. Similarly to other species of the genus Pomacanthus these angelfishes live in harem, as the male defends a territory and controls a few females. After a courtship ritual males and females release eggs and sperm. At the beginning of life all juveniles are females (protogynous hermaphrodites), becoming males during the development, with a complete color variation from the juvenile to adult stage.[6] Juveniles prefer very shallow waters with rock or dead coral substrates and short filamentous algae. Adults mainly feed on zooplankton, sponges, filamentous algae and tunicates. [5][9]

Systematics

The bluering angelfish was first formally described in 1795 as Chaetodon tricolor by the German physician and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799) with the type locality given as the Indian Ocean.[10] The species is placed by some authorities in the subgenus Acanthochaetodon,. The specific name of this species, annularis, means “ringed” which refers to the ring on the body above the gill cover.[11]

Utilisation

Bluering angelfish are infrequently found in the aquarium trade. [1]

Gallery

References

Wikispecies has information related to Bluering angelfish.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pomacanthus annularis.
  1. ^ a b c Myers, R.F.; Rocha, L.A.; Craig, M.T. (2010). "Pomacanthus annularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165873A6154247. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165873A6154247.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Biolib
  3. ^ Catalogue of Life
  4. ^ Steene, R.C. (1978) Butterfly and angelfishes of the world., A.H. & A.W. Reed Pty Ltd., Australia. vol. 1. 144 p.
  5. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Pomacanthus annularis" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  6. ^ a b Animal Diversity Web
  7. ^ a b Mark McGrouther (5 February 2019). "Blue-ringed Angelfish, Pomacanthus annularis (Bloch, 1787)". Australian Museum. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  8. ^ "Pomacanthus annularis ". Saltcorner!. Bob Goemans. 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  9. ^ WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species
  10. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pomacanthus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  11. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (21 July 2020). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 27 February 2021.

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Bluering angelfish: Brief Summary

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The bluering angelfish (Pomacanthus annularis), also known as the Annularis Angelfish and the Blue King Angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is member of the genus Pomacanthus, composed of large marine angelfish.

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Description

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Undergoes a complete colour transformation from the juvenile to adult stage. Regularly exported, e.g. from Sri Lanka, for the aquarium trade.

Reference

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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