Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
This species is distinguished by the following characters: body oblong, its depth less than head length and 2.8-3.3 in SL; preopercle rounded, finely serrate, the lower edge fleshy; opercle with 3 flat spines; upper edge of operculum almost straight; 1-3 large canines at midside of lower jaw; gill rakers of first gill arch 7-10 + 15-18 (including 6-87 rudiments on each limb); D IX,13-14; caudal fin lunate, the upper and lower lobes produced, about twice length of middle rays; pectoral-fin rays 16-19; lateral-line scales 66-77; lateral scale series 113-135. Colour of head, body, and median fins yellowish brown to orange-red (specimens from deep water more reddish) with numerous small round or elongate spots of blue, lavender or pink; rear margin of median fins broadly yellow; pectoral-fin rays red to brown, the distal third abruptly yellow[ large juveniles (10-25 cm SL) with irregular black band along dorsal part of body ending below rear of dorsal fin and continuing on head (up to eye) as 3 irregular black spots; black blotch at base of upper caudal-fin rays; head and body (including black band) with small pale blue to pink spots; a pale yellow or white stripe mid-dorsally on head from tip of lower jaw to dorsal-fin origin; small juveniles (< 7 cm SL) lack the black band and black spots on dorsal part of head and body (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 14; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Widespread in external areas of coral reefs (Ref. 9137, 58534). The habitat consists of outer reefs from shallow depths down to at least 240 m (Ref. 54301). Usually seen in clear-water areas at depths below 15 m, and prefers islands and offshore reefs rather than continental shores. Feeds mainly on fishes, crabs, shrimps, stomatopods and other crustaceans (Ref. 54301).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Usually seen in clear-water areas at depths below 15 m, and prefers islands and offshore reefs rather than continental shores. Feeds mainly on fishes, and on crabs, shrimps and stomatopods. It is highly appreciated for the quality of its flesh. It may not be sold in Mauritius because of cases of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 11888). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). This common and important food fish is caught with handlines, spear, and traps (Ref. 39231).
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-太平洋之熱帶及亞熱帶海域，西起紅海、非洲南部，東至皮特康島，北至日本南部，南至澳洲。台灣東部、南部、澎湖、綠島、小琉球及蘭嶼海域均有。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
高經濟價值魚種，食用及觀賞兼具，一般漁法以一支釣、手釣或設陷阱捕獲。肉質佳，以清蒸食之。因食物鰱之故，可能含有熱帶海魚毒。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體長橢圓形。頭中大，頭長稍大於體高。眶間區稍圓突。上頜前端具2犬齒，中央具一向後倒伏的牙齒，兩側外列具稀疏排列的圓錐齒，內列具絨毛狀齒；下頜除前端具2大犬齒外，兩側各具大犬齒1個及絨毛狀齒多列；鋤骨及腭骨均具絨毛狀齒。前鰓蓋骨緣光滑。鰓蓋骨後緣具3扁平棘。體被細小櫛鱗；側線鱗孔數66-77；縱列鱗數113-135。背鰭鰭棘部與軟條部相連，無缺刻，具硬棘IX，軟條14；臀鰭硬棘III枚，軟條8；腹鰭腹位，末端延伸不及肛門開口；胸鰭圓形，中央之鰭條長於上下方之鰭條，且長於腹鰭，但短於後眼眶長；尾鰭彎月形。體深紅至灰褐色，體側具淡藍至淡紅色之不規則斑點或短線紋，頭部斑點通常較小而圓且分布較密；背、臀及胸鰭後方具寬黃緣；尾鰭具半月形之寬黃緣。幼魚體背側另具一條黑色縱帶；尾柄上部另具一大黑斑；頭背側由吻端至背鰭基底起點具一白色至淡黃色之中央縱紋。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
棲息於水深3-250公尺處島嶼、外礁等礁石區海域，以礁區小魚及甲殼類為主食。
Yellow-edged lyretail
provided by wikipedia EN
The yellow-edged lyretail (Variola louti) also known as the yellowedge coronation trout, fairy cod, lunar tail rock cod, lunartailed cod, lyre-tail cod or moontail seabass,, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region and is more common than the congeneric white-edged lyretail.
Description
The yellow-edged lyretail has an oblong-shaped body on which the length of the head is longer than the depth of the body, the standard length of its body is 2.8 to 3.3 times its depth.[2] The preopercle is rounded with fine serrations along its edge with the lower edge being fleshy. There are three flat spines on the gill cover, which has a straight upper edge. The dorsal fin contains 9 spines and 13–14 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays.[3] The caudal fin is crescent-shaped with its upper and lower lobes extended and are around two times the length of the fin's middle rays.[2] The overall colour of this grouper is reddish and it is covered in blue spots. The dorsal and anal fins have pointed posterior tips. They have a reddish colour on the upper body which frequently shades to orangish to white on the lower part of the body. They are marked with many small bluish or pinkish spots on the head, body and fins. The rear margins of the fins are yellow.[4] The juveniles appear to mimic goatfishes of the family Mullidae.[5] This species attains a maximum recorded total length of 83 centimetres (33 in), although 75 centimetres (30 in) is a more normal length, and a maximum weight of 12 kilograms (26 lb).[3]
Distribution
The yellow-edged lyretail is has an Indo-Pacific distribution and is found from the east coast of Africa where it occurs from Durban in South Africa to the Red Sea through the tropical Indian Ocean east into the Pacific Ocean where it occurs as far north as southern Japan, south to Australia and east to the Pitcairn Islands.[1] In Australia it is found from Shark Bay in Western Australia to Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea and from Cape York in Queensland south to Sydney in New South Wales Frederick Reefs and Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve in the Coral Sea, as well as at Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs and Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.[5] Recently it has been recorded twice (2018, 2019) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea off Cyprus, due either to aquarium release or introduction from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal.[6][7]
Habitat and biology
The yellow-edged lyretail is normally observed in clear-water areas at depths greater than 15 metres (49 ft)[3] but less than 350 metres (1,150 ft),[1] showing a preference for islands and offshore reefs over continental shores. It feeds mostly on fishes, as well as on crabs, shrimps and stomatopods.[3] The females attain sexual maturity at a standard length of 33 centimetres (13 in). They have been recorded forming spawning aggregations off Aceh in Sumatra. This species is yet to be confirmed as a protogynous hermaphrodite.[1] Spawning takes place between December and February.[2]
Taxonomy
The yellow-edged lyretail was first formally described as Perca louti by the Swedish naturalist Peter Forsskål (1732-1763) with the type locality given as Jeddah, now in Saudi Arabia, and Al Luḩayyah in Yemen.[8] William John Swainson created the genus Variola as a subgenus of Serranus with Variola longipinnis as the type species by monotypy. V longipinnis]] is a synonym of Serranus louti of Eduard Rüppell, following Forsskål.[9]
Utilisation
The yellow-edged lyretail is a valuable food fish. However, there have been reports of ciguatera poisoning,[10] and this has led to the fish being banned from sale in Mauritius.[3] The danger of poisoning has also meant that it is uncommonly fished for or sold in Japan and some countries of south-east Asia. It is also found in the aquarium and live food fish trades.[1]
References
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^ a b c d e Nair, R.; Samoilys, M.; Cabanban, A.S. (2018). "Variola louti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132738A100572909. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132738A100572909.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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^ a b c Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 304–305. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
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^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). Variola &speciesname= louti" Variola louti " in FishBase. December 2019 version.
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^ Mark McGrouther (22 January 2019). "Yellowedge Coronation Trout, Variola louti (Forsskål, 1775)". Australian Museum.
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^ a b Dianne J. Bray. "Variola louti". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
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^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Variola louti). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Variola_louti.pdf
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^ Nikolas Michailidis; Ioannis Manitaras; Giacomo Bernardi & Periklis Kleitou (2020). "Variola louti (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea: Incidental introduction or aquarium release?". Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 36 (12): 231–234. doi:10.1111/jai.14001. hdl:10026.1/15322. S2CID 213512696.
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^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Perca louti". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
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^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Variola". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
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^ Schoelinck, C.; Hinsinger, D. D.; Dettaï, A.; Cruaud, C. & Justine, J.-L. (2014). "A phylogenetic re-analysis of groupers with applications for ciguatera fish poisoning". PLOS ONE. 9 (e98198): e98198. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...998198S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098198. PMC 4122351. PMID 25093850.
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Yellow-edged lyretail: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The yellow-edged lyretail (Variola louti) also known as the yellowedge coronation trout, fairy cod, lunar tail rock cod, lunartailed cod, lyre-tail cod or moontail seabass,, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region and is more common than the congeneric white-edged lyretail.
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- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Usually seen in clear-water areas at depths below 15 m, and prefers islands and offshore reefs rather than continental shores. Feeds mainly on fishes, and on crabs, shrimps and stomatopods. It may not be sold in Mauritius because of cases of ciguatera poisoning.
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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