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Diagnostic Description

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Distinguished by the following characteristics: Side body has rectangular dark gray blotches. Outer third of second dorsal, anal and caudal fins black. Edge of preopercle smooth, without pronounced lobe at angle; 17-24 total gill rakers (Ref. 26938); depth of body 3.3-3.5 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.8 times in SL; evenly rounded preopercle, without distinct notch or lobe at the angle; subequal sizes of anterior and posterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
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Recorder
Rodolfo B. Reyes
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Life Cycle

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A monandric species (Ref. 55367). According to a study in Campeche Bank, females changed sex between 85.5 and 125.0 cm FL, with median length of 103.3 cm FL. At 114.5 cm FL, 50% of the females in the sample had transformed into males. Age at sex change = 15.5 years (Ref. 55367).
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Daniel Pauly
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11 - 13
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Trophic Strategy

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A solitary species (Ref. 26340) inhabiting rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Adults feed primarily on fishes; juveniles mainly on crustaceans. Piscivore (Ref. 33499). Macro-carnivore (Ref. 126840).
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Pascualita Sa-a
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Biology

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Minimum depth from Ref. 126840. A solitary species (Ref. 26340) inhabiting rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Adults feed primarily on fishes; juveniles mainly on crustaceans. Oviparous (Ref. 205). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Forms spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). Common but difficult to approach (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh and its flesh is of excellent quality.
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Susan M. Luna
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Importance

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fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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Mycteroperca bonaci

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Mycteroperca bonaci, the black grouper, black rockfish or marbled rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. Other fish are sometimes called the black grouper including the similar gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis), the misty grouper (Hyporthodus mystacinus), and the critically endangered Warsaw grouper (Epinephelus nigritus). This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean from the northeastern United States to Brazil.

Description

Myctoperca bonaci has an oblong, laterally compressed body[3] with a standard length which is 3.3 to 3.5 times its depth. It has an evenly rounded preopercle with no incisions or lobes at its angle.[4] The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15-17 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 11-13 soft rays,[2] both fins having rounded margins. The caudal fin is truncate to emarginate, althoughit may be convex if spread widely.[4] This species has an overall t's an olive grey colour and is marked with dark blotches and brassy hexagonal spots over the head and flanks.[5] The pectoral fins are sooty brown, fading to orange towards the margin; the soft rayed part of the dorsal fin and the anal fin, as well as the forward edge of the pelvic fin have a dark margin.[4] This fish attains a maximum total length of 150 centimetres (59 in), although they are more common at around 70 centimetres (28 in) and a maximum published weight of 100 kilograms (220 lb).[2]

Distribution

Mycteroperca bonaci is found in the western Atlantic where its range extends from Cape Canaveral in Florida and Bermuda south to the Bahamas, into the Gulf of Mexico as far north as Alabama and from southern Texas along the coast of Mexico and Cuba. It occurs throughout the Caribbean Sea, along the coast of South America to Santa Catarina in Brazil. Its range extends to the Brazilian islands of Trinidade and Fernando de Noronha. There is a gap in its distribution along the northern coast of South America between Paramaribo in Suriname and Maranhao in Brazil. Occurrences in United States waters north to Massachusetts are juveniles and therefore considered vagrants.[1]

Habitat and biology

Mycteroperca bonaci occurs over rocky bottoms and coral reefs at depths of 10 to 30 metres (33 to 98 ft), however in the eastern Gulf of Mexico it is normally encountered at depths of more than 30 metres (98 ft).[4] It is usually a solitary species,[2] the adults feeding mainly on fishes, such as grunts, snapper and herrings,[5] and the juveniles feed on crustaceans.[2] Black groupers have been recorded forming seasonal feeding aggregations along the outer continental shelf off Brazil, these coincide with spawning aggregations of some fish species the groupers prey on. They are monandric protogynous hermaphrodites and form spawning aggregations which have been reported from in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Females attain sexual maturity at around 5years old and at a length of around 82.6 centimetres (32.5 in) and the change of sex to males occurs when they are around 15 years old and at a mean length of 121.4 centimetres (47.8 in).[1]

Predators and parasites

The recorded predators of Mycteroperca bonaci include sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) and great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) while they may also be prey for great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) and moray eels.[5] Black groupers are hosts to a variety of common parasites which include endoparasites affecting stomach and intestines and ectoparasites which live on its skin.[6]

Taxonomy

Mycteroperca bonaci was first formally described as Serranus bonaci in 1860 by the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey (1799-1891) with Cuba being given as the type locality.[7]

Utilisation

Mycteroperca bonaci is quite tasty and an important food fish. It is fished for sale and for sport.[1]

Conservation

Mycteroperca bonaci is an IUCN Red List near threatened species, vulnerable to increases in exploitation because it is a relatively slow breeder.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Padovani-Ferreira, B.; Bertoncini, A.A.; Pollard, D.A.; Erisman, B.; Sosa-Cordero, E.; Rocha, L.A.; Aguilar-Perera, A.; Brule, T. (2018). "Mycteroperca bonaci". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132724A46916253. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132724A46916253.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Mycteroperca bonaci" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ "Species: Mycteroperca bonaci, Black grouper". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 262–263. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
  5. ^ a b c "Mycteroperca bonaci". Discover Fishes. Florida Museum. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  6. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2008). "Mycteroperca bonaci". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  7. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Serranus bonaci". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

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Mycteroperca bonaci: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Mycteroperca bonaci, the black grouper, black rockfish or marbled rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. Other fish are sometimes called the black grouper including the similar gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis), the misty grouper (Hyporthodus mystacinus), and the critically endangered Warsaw grouper (Epinephelus nigritus). This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean from the northeastern United States to Brazil.

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Serranus decimalis ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Serranus decimalis o aguají es un pez del género Serranus de la familia Serranidae.

Es un pez acantopterigio, en el cual las aletas están adosadas a su cuerpo mediante radios espinosos. Es originario de las Antillas. Son hermafroditas.

Posee un cuerpo cilíndrico de casi un metro de longitud, sobre sus laterales presenta manchas oscuras. Su cabeza es grande con una prominente mandíbula y su opérculo posee tres espinas; posee una boca con numerosos dientes pequeños. Suele habitar en ambientes costeros siendo su dieta carnívora (peces e invertebrados).

Referencias

  1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). «A compendium of fossil marine animal genera». Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p.560. Consultado el 25 de diciembre de 2007.
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Serranus decimalis: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Serranus decimalis o aguají es un pez del género Serranus de la familia Serranidae.

Es un pez acantopterigio, en el cual las aletas están adosadas a su cuerpo mediante radios espinosos. Es originario de las Antillas. Son hermafroditas.

Posee un cuerpo cilíndrico de casi un metro de longitud, sobre sus laterales presenta manchas oscuras. Su cabeza es grande con una prominente mandíbula y su opérculo posee tres espinas; posee una boca con numerosos dientes pequeños. Suele habitar en ambientes costeros siendo su dieta carnívora (peces e invertebrados).

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Mycteroperca bonaci ( Basque )

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Mycteroperca bonaci Mycteroperca generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Mycteroperca bonaci FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Mycteroperca bonaci: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Mycteroperca bonaci Mycteroperca generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Mycteroperca bonaci ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

Mycteroperca bonaci of Zwarte tandbaars is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van zaag- of zeebaarzen (Serranidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1860 door Poey.

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Gevoelig, beoordelingsjaar 2008. De omvang van de populatie is volgens de IUCN dalend.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b (en) Mycteroperca bonaci op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Mycteroperca bonaci. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Svart grouper ( Swedish )

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Svart grouper[3] ('Mycteroperca bonaci) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i västra Atlanten.

Utseende

En långsträckt fisk med den tvådelade ryggfena som är typisk för havsabborrfiskarna; främre delen är hård och består endast av taggstrålar (11 hos denna art), medan bakre delen är mjukare, enbart uppbyggd av mjukstrålar (15 till 17). Analfenan har en liknande uppbyggnad med 3 taggstrålar och 11 till 13 mjukstrålar. Bröstfenorna består endast av 16 till 17 mjukstrålar. Analfenorna och bukfenorna har rundade kanter, medan stjärtfenans bakkant är tvärt avhuggen. Färgen är gråaktig till mörkbrun, med täta, oregelbundna, brons- till mässingsfärgade fläckar skilda åt av ett blåaktigt nät. Ibland kan den även ha 7 till 8 kolumner med mörka, fyrkantiga markeringar längs kroppens övre del. Bröstfenorna är mörkbruna, gradvis ljusnande till brandgult mot kanterna, medan analfenorna, ryggfenans bakre del och främre delen av bukfenorna har mörka kanter.[4] Arten kan som mest bli 150 cm lång (även om omkring 70 cm är en normal längd) och väga 100 kg.[5]

Vanor

Den svarta groupern är en ensamlevande, skygg[5] art som uppehåller sig kring korall- och klipprev på djup mellan 6 och 75 m. i North Carolina och South Carolina har ungfiskar iakttagits bland ostrongrus och i sjögrässamlingar i flodmynningar. De vuxna fiskarna livnär sig främst på fiskar, medan ungfiskarna tar kräftdjur. Högsta konstaterade ålder är 33 år.[1]

Fortplantning

Arten är hermafrodit med könsväxling, som börjar sitt liv som hona. Olika studier har visat att denna blir könsmogen vid en genomsnittsålder av drygt 5 år, motsvarande en längd mellan 72 och 109 cm, samt byter kön vid en medelålder av 15,5 år och en längd varierande från 85 till 122 cm. Arten formar stora flockar inför leken. Denna sker troligen året om, men man har konstaterat en topp mellan april och september i Brasilien och december till mars i Florida och i Mexikanska golfen. Vid Kuba förefaller lekperioden inskränka sig till november till maj, med toppar i november och februari.[1]

Betydelse för människan

Den svarta groupern anses vara en utmärkt matfisk[5], och den är föremål för ett betydande kommersiellt fiske, framför allt i Mexikanska golfen och Sydatlanten.[1] Den är även en populär sportfisk. Dock finns uppgifter om att den har orsakat ciguateraförgftning.[5]

Status

Arten är klassificerad som nära hotad ("NT") av IUCN, och beståndet minskar. Främsta orsakerna är överfiske och dåliga vattenförhållanden (sedimentering) i yngelområdena.[1]

Utbredning

Utbredningsområdet omfattar västra Atlanten från Bermuda och Massachusetts i USA över södra Mexikanska golfen, Florida Keys, Bahamas, Kuba och Västindien till nordöstra kommunen Natal i Brasilien.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d e f] Ferreira, B.P., Rocha, L., Gaspar, A.L.B., Sadovy, Y. & Craig, M. 2008 Mycteroperca bonaci (på engelska). Från: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Läst 2012-04-03.
  2. ^ Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=167760. Läst 23 mars 2012.
  3. ^ Sven O Kullander (13 september 2008). ”Naturhistoriska riksmuseets databas över fisknamn”. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Arkiverad från originalet den 14 december 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131214095552/http://artedi.nrm.se/fishnames/namefind.php?FormData=Perciformes&Verbosity=Listing&Submit=Skicka&MaxRecs=1000&Category=cOrder&Precision=%3D&Ordering=default. Läst 5 januari 2012.
  4. ^ Phillip C. Heemstra, John E. Randall (1993). ”FAO Species Catalogue – Vol 16. Groupers of the World” (på engelska) (FTP, 171 kB). FAO. sid. 7–8. http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/009/t0540e/T0540E37.pdf. Läst 25 december 2017.
  5. ^ [a b c d] Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860) Black grouper” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Mycteroperca-bonaci.html. Läst 3 april 2012.
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Svart grouper: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Svart grouper ('Mycteroperca bonaci) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i västra Atlanten.

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博氏喙鱸 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Mycteroperca bonaci
Poey, 1860

博氏喙鱸學名Mycteroperca bonaci)為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科的其中一

博氏喙鱸的體型很大,長1.5米及重100公斤。它們的身體呈橄欖或灰色,有黑色及銅色的斑點。前鰓蓋骨稍圓。它們經常在珊瑚礁出沒,但並非倚賴它們。它們分佈在西大西洋,由美國麻薩諸塞州巴西南部,尤其喜歡棲息在墨西哥灣佛羅里達礁島群巴哈馬加勒比海。成年的並不會到分佈地北端。它們棲息在近海面約6-33米水深的水域。

博氏喙鱸很可口,是重要的魚產之一。雖然並未達至瀕危,但因捕獵壓力增加及繁殖率低,它們現正處於近危[1]

博氏喙鱸是獨居的。成年的喜歡吃其他魚類烏賊,幼魚多吃甲殼類

博氏喙鱸於5月至8月間產卵。它們是雌性先熟雌雄同體,即幼魚主要是雌魚,長大後會變成雄魚。

參考

外部連結

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博氏喙鱸: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

博氏喙鱸(學名Mycteroperca bonaci)為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科的其中一

博氏喙鱸的體型很大,長1.5米及重100公斤。它們的身體呈橄欖或灰色,有黑色及銅色的斑點。前鰓蓋骨稍圓。它們經常在珊瑚礁出沒,但並非倚賴它們。它們分佈在西大西洋,由美國麻薩諸塞州巴西南部,尤其喜歡棲息在墨西哥灣佛羅里達礁島群巴哈馬加勒比海。成年的並不會到分佈地北端。它們棲息在近海面約6-33米水深的水域。

博氏喙鱸很可口,是重要的魚產之一。雖然並未達至瀕危,但因捕獵壓力增加及繁殖率低,它們現正處於近危

博氏喙鱸是獨居的。成年的喜歡吃其他魚類烏賊,幼魚多吃甲殼類

博氏喙鱸於5月至8月間產卵。它們是雌性先熟雌雄同體,即幼魚主要是雌魚,長大後會變成雄魚。

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Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil; including the southern Gulf of Mexico, Florida Keys, Bahamas, Cuba and throughout the Caribbean. Adults are unknown from the northeastern coast of the USA.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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benthic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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