dcsimg

Epinephelus ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Epinephelus és un gènere de peixos de la subfamília dels Epinefelins (anfosos o meros), de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba als mars i oceans tropicals i subtropicals.[3]

Espècies

Bibliografia

  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco (Califòrnia, Estats Units). iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8. 1990.
  • Heemstra, P.C. i Randall, J.E., 1993, Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 16., FAO Fish. Synop. Núm. 125, 125:I-viii, 1-382.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.


Referències

  1. Sepkoski, Jack «A compendium of fossil marine animal genera». Bulletins of American Paleontology, 364, 2002, p.560 [Consulta: 19 desembre del 2008].(anglès)
  2. Bloch M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7. i-xiv + 1-144.(alemany)
  3. Discover Life (castellà)
  4. Osbeck, P. 1765. Reise nach Ostindien und China. German translation by J. G. Georgius. J. C. Koppe, Rostock. Reise nach Ostindien und China.: i-xxvi + 1-552 + 25-p. index, Pls. 1-13.(alemany)
  5. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1817. Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. A: Description de l'Egypte, ... Histoire Naturelle. Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. v. 1. Pls. 18-27.(francès)
  6. Boulenger, G. A. 1903. Descriptions of six new perciform fishes from the coast of Natal. Annals of the South African Museum v. 3 (pt 3): 63-67, Pls. 2-7.(anglès)
  7. Bleeker, P. 1855. Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8: 391-434.(neerlandès)
  8. Valenciennes, A. 1837-1844. Ichthyologie des îles Canaries, ou histoire naturelle des poissons rapportés par Webb & Berthelot. A: P. B. Webb & S. Berthelot. Histoire naturelle des îles Canaries. París, 1835-1850. Ichthyologie des îles Canaries, ou histoire naturelle des poissons rapportés par Webb & Berthelot. v. 2 (pt 2): 1-109, 26 pls.(francès)
  9. 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1828. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome second. Livre Troisième. Des poissons de la famille des perches, ou des percoïdes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 2: i-xxi + 2 pp. + 1-490, Pls. 9-40.(francès)
  10. Allen, G.R. i Robertson, D.R., 1999, Epinephelus clippertonensis, a new species of serranid fish from the tropical eastern Pacific., Revue Francaise de Aquariologie, 26:11-15.(anglès)
  11. 11,0 11,1 Bloch, M. E. 1790. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 4: i-xii + 1-128, Pls. 217-252.(alemany)
  12. Hamilton, F. [Buchanan] 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edimburg & Londres. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches.: i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39.(anglès)
  13. Steindachner, F. 1878. Ichthyologische Beiträge. VI. [Subtitles i-x.]. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Classe. v. 77 (1. Abth.): 379-392, Pls. 1-3.(alemany)
  14. Richardson, J. 1846. Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]: 187-320.(anglès)
  15. Günther, A. 1876. Remarks on fishes, with descriptions of new species in the British Museum, chiefly from southern seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (núm. 101): 389-402.(anglès)
  16. 16,0 16,1 16,2 Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis terras per annos 1772 1773 et 1774 suscepto, ...: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.(llatí)
  17. Lacepède, B. G. E. 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.(francès)
  18. Randall, J. E. & P. C. Heemstra. 1991. Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes Núm. 20: 1-332, Pls. 1-41.(anglès)
  19. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.(llatí)
  20. Ben-Tuvia, A. 1953. Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa Núm. 8: 1-40.(anglès)
  21. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.(llatí)
  22. 22,0 22,1 Günther, A. 1873. Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee. (Band I) Heft I. Journal des Museum Godefroy, Band II, Heft III. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg. Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee.: 1-24, Col. Pls. 1-20.(alemany)
  23. Lichtenstein, M. H. C. 1822. Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso Über die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, erläutert aus den wieder aufgefundenen Original-Abbildungen. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1820-1821: 267-288.(alemany)
  24. Kner, R. 1864. Specielles Verzeichniss der während der Reise der kaiserlichen Fregatte "Novara" gesammelten Fische. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Classe v. 49: 481-486.(alemany)
  25. Bleeker, P. 1855. Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Batjan. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9: 491-504.(neerlandès)
  26. 26,0 26,1 Bloch, M. E. 1790. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 4: i-xii + 1-128, Pls. 217-252.(alemany)
  27. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.(llatí)
  28. Lowe, R. T. 1834. Characters of a new genus Leirus, and of several new species of fishes from Madeira. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1833 (pt 1): 142-144.(anglès)
  29. 29,0 29,1 Schultz, L. P., E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, A. D. Welander & L. P. Woods. 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1: i-xxxii + 1-685, Pls. 1-74.(anglès)
  30. Bloch, M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360.(alemany)
  31. 31,0 31,1 31,2 Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1830. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 6: i-xxiv + 6 pp. + 1-559, Pls. 141-169.(francès)
  32. Peters, W. (C. H.). 1876. Übersicht der von Hrn. Prof. Dr. K. Möbius in Mauritius und bei den Seychellen gesammelten Fische. Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlín 1876: 435-447.(alemany)
  33. Bleeker, P. 1849. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Percoïden van den Malayo-Molukschen Archipel, met beschrijving van 22 nieuwe soorten. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wettenschappen v. 22: 1-64.(neerlandès)
  34. Day, F. 1875. The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Londres. The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 1: 1-168, Pls. 1-40.(anglès)
  35. Bloch, M. E. 1792. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 6: i-xii + 1-126, Pls. 289-323.(alemany)
  36. Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis terras per annos 1772 1773 et 1774 suscepto, ...: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.(llatí)
  37. Morgans, J. F. C. 1959. Three confusing species of serranid fish, one described as new, from East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 1 (núm. 10) [1958]: 642-656, Pls. 17, 19.(anglès)
  38. Peters, W. (C. H.). 1866. Mittheilung über Fische (Protopterus, Auliscops, Labrax, Labracoglossa, Nematocentris, Serranus, Scorpis, Opisthognathus, Scombresox, Acharnes, Anguilla, Gymnomuraena, Chilorhinus, Ophichthys, Helmichthys). Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin 1866: 509-526, 1 pl.(alemany)
  39. Animal Diversity Web (anglès)
  40. BioLib (anglès)
  41. UNEP-WCMC Species Database (anglès)
  42. World Register of Marine Species (anglès)
  43. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  44. Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  45. FishBase (anglès)
  46. ITIS (anglès)
  47. NCBI (anglès)

Enllaços externs

En altres projectes de Wikimedia:
Commons
Commons Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
Viquiespècies
Viquiespècies
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CA

Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CA

Epinephelus ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Epinephelus ist eine Gattung der Zackenbarsche (Epinephelidae). Die Fische leben küstennah in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen aller Weltmeere.

Merkmale

Epinephelus-Arten haben einen langgestreckten, massiven, zylindrischen oder seitlich zusammengedrückten Körper. Je nach Art erreichen sie Längen von zwölf Zentimetern bis zu 2,70 Metern. Der massige Kopf kann ein Drittel bis fast die Hälfte der Standardlänge (Abstand zwischen Kiemendeckel und Schwanzflossenwurzel) erreichen. Der Vorderteil der Kiefer kann vergrößerte "Hundszähne" tragen, die bei einem Teil der Arten allerdings eher klein sind. Auch das Gaumenbein ist bezahnt.

Die Rückenflosse hat normalerweise elf Hart- (zehn bei E. analogus) und zwölf bis 19 Weichstrahlen. Die Basis des weichstrahligen Teils der Rückenflosse ist nicht länger als die Basis des hartstrahligen Teils. Die Afterflosse hat drei Hart- und sieben bis zehn Weichstrahlen. Die Brustflossen sind abgerundet, die mittleren Flossenstrahlen sind am längsten. Die Schwanzflosse ist abgerundet, schließt gerade ab oder ist leicht eingebuchtet. Die Schuppen sind glatt oder Kammschuppen.

Lebensweise

Die meisten Epinephelus-Arten leben in Fels- und Korallenriffen, einige Arten (E. aeneus, E. bruneus, und E. areolatus) auch über Weich- und Sandböden. Meist werden Tiefen von 10 bis 200 Metern bewohnt, nur wenige Arten bewohnen größere Tiefen bis 525 Metern. Die beiden größten Arten, E. itajara und E. lanceolatus, die beide mehr als zwei Meter lang und über 400 kg schwer werden, schwimmen auch oft in Flussmündungen und in Häfen.

Epinephelus-Arten ernähren sich von Fischen und größeren Wirbellosen, vor allem von Krebstieren. Die Nahrung wird im Riff oder am Bodengrund gesucht. E. undulosus, der viele lange Kiemenreusendornen hat, frisst pelagische Manteltiere.

Fortpflanzung

Die Fortpflanzung wurde nur bei wenigen Arten untersucht. Die Epinephelus-Arten scheinen protogyne Hermaphroditen zu sein. Bei einigen Arten gibt es allerdings Männchen, die kleiner als die Weibchen sind, so dass sie vielleicht nicht durch ein vorgehendes weibliches Stadium gegangen sind. Auch scheinen nicht alle Weibchen bei fortschreitendem Alter ihr Geschlecht zu wechseln.

Verbreitung

Die meisten Epinephelus-Arten leben im westlichen Indopazifik, acht leben im östlichen Pazifik, elf im westlichen Atlantik und neun im östlichen Atlantik und im Mittelmeer. Zwei leben sowohl im östlichen Pazifik wie im westlichen Atlantik (E. itajara und E. mystacinus). Epinephelus itajara, der oft in Flussmündungen vorkommt, hat wahrscheinlich durch den Panama-Kanal den östlichen Pazifik erreicht.

Fischerei

Epinephelus-Arten gehören zu den wichtigsten Fangfischen in der Fischerei der Tropen; das Fleisch erzielt hohe Preise. E. coioides und E. malabaricus werden in Aquakultur gehalten.

Arten

Nach einer im September 2018 veröffentlichten umfangreichen Revision werden heute 77 Arten in die Gattungen Epinephelus gestellt.[1] Epinephelus ist damit die artenreichste Gattung der Zackenbarsche.

Species incertae sedis:

Literatur

  • Dieter Eichler, Robert F. Myers: Korallenfische Indopazifik, Jahr-Verlag GmbH & Co., ISBN 3-86132-225-0
  • Ewald Lieske, Robert F. Myers: Korallenfische der Welt. Jahr Top Special Verlag Hamburg, ISBN 3-86132-112-2
  • Hans A. Baensch / Robert A. Patzner: Mergus Meerwasser-Atlas Band 7 Perciformes (Barschartige). Mergus-Verlag, Melle, ISBN 3-88244-107-0
  • Phillip C. Heemstra: Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae) An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Grouper, Rockcod, Hind, Coral Grouper and Lyretail Species. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. Vol. 16. FAO Rom 1993; Seiten 69–251. (Vollständiges PDF)

Einzelnachweise

  1. Ma, K.Y. & Craig, M.T.: An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae). Copeia 106(3):443-456. 2018. doi: 10.1643/CI-18-055
  2. Frable, B.W., Tucker, S.J. & Walker, H.J., Jr. (2018): A new species of grouper, Epinephelus craigi (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), from the South China Sea. Ichthyological Research: [1-10]. First Online: 09 November 2018.
  3. Johnson, J.W. & Wilmer, J.W. (2019): Epinephelus fuscomarginatus (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), a new species of grouper from off the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, 4674 (3): 329-348.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Epinephelus ist eine Gattung der Zackenbarsche (Epinephelidae). Die Fische leben küstennah in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen aller Weltmeere.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Kerapu ( Javanese )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

Kerapu utawi manawi wonten ing Basa Inggris dipusebut grouper punika salah satunggaling iwak saking kelas Actinopterygii. Ulam kerapu saking spésies Serranidae [1]. Ingkang mbédakaken saking saben spesiès punika saking warna lan coraking awak ingkang unik saben spésies.

Kathahipun saking spésies ulam punika kalebet komoditas ingkang cekap laris ing pasaran. Kerapu punika aklebet ulam demersal ingkang remen ing perairan karang utawi ing gua-gua ing dhasaring perairan. Ulam kerapu punika karnivora ingkang kagolong boten aktif punika gampin dipun-budidayakaken amargi gadhah daya adhaptasi ingkang inggil.

Wonten ing siklus gesangipun, ulam kerapu wonten ing perairan dangkal 0.5 dumugi 3 mèter. Lajeng manawi sampun ageng pindah dhateng papan ingkang langkung jero malih kinten-kinten 7-40 mèter. Wonten ing Indonesia, ulam kerapu kathah kapanggih wonten ing perairan Pulo Sumatera, Jawa, Sulawesi, Ambon, lan Pulo Buru.

Jinis-jinis

Jinis-jinis ulam kerapu ingkang wonten ing Indonesia punika kados wonten ing ngandhap punika:

  • Brown-Marbled Grouper (Kerapu macan). Ulam kerapu jinis punika gadhah habitat alami segara, segara ingkang dangkal, subtidal aquatic beds, karang lan laguna pasisir. Ulam kerapu jinis macan gadhah sipat noktunal inggih punika nalika wanci awan langkung kathah ndelik wonten ing sela-selaning karang lan nindakaken aktivitas nalika wanci dalu kanggé pados panganan [2].
  • Humpback Grouper utawi Panther Grouper (Kerapu bèbèk). Khusus wonten ing Australia kawéntar kanthi sebutan Barramundi Cod. Kerapu bebek punika kalebet komoditas ulam ingkang laris wonten ing pasaran [1].
  • Coral Trout (Kerapu sunuk). Saking jinis punika kapérang malih dados ulam kerapu kanthi noda biru Plectropomus Laevis, kerapu sunuk biyasa Plectropomus Leopardus, kerapu kanthi waja kegaris Plectropomus Malculatus. Jinis ulam kerapu sunuk punika ingkang dados sasaran utami kanggé para pemancing wonten ing tlatah karang sepanjang Pasisir Queensland [1].
  • Greasy Grouper utawi Arabian Grouper (Kerapu kayu). Dawanipun ulam punika saged dumugi 75 cm, kepala lan awakipun gadhah warni klawu. Kerapu kayu punika gesang wonten ing kawasan toya bening lan karang ing segara ingkang jero sanget [1].

Wonten ing siklus gesangipun ulam kerapu, padatanipun ulam kerapu ingkang enèm gesang wonten ing perairan karang pasisir kanthi jero 0,5-3 mèter, salajengipun nalika diwasa pindhah dhateng perairan ingkang langkung jero ing antawisipun 7-40 mèter. Endog lan lava ulam punika asifat pelagis, déné kerapu enèm lan diwasa asifat demersal [3].

Cathetan suku

  1. a b c d [1], (id) http://www.iftfishing.com (dipun-akses tanggal 16 November 2012).
  2. [2], (id) http://www.iptek.net.id (dipun-akses tanggal 07 Dhésèmber 2012).
  3. [3], (id) http://www.anneahira.com (dipun-akses tanggal 07 Dhésèmber 2012).
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Penulis lan editor Wikipedia

Kerapu: Brief Summary ( Javanese )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

Kerapu utawi manawi wonten ing Basa Inggris dipusebut grouper punika salah satunggaling iwak saking kelas Actinopterygii. Ulam kerapu saking spésies Serranidae . Ingkang mbédakaken saking saben spesiès punika saking warna lan coraking awak ingkang unik saben spésies.

Kathahipun saking spésies ulam punika kalebet komoditas ingkang cekap laris ing pasaran. Kerapu punika aklebet ulam demersal ingkang remen ing perairan karang utawi ing gua-gua ing dhasaring perairan. Ulam kerapu punika karnivora ingkang kagolong boten aktif punika gampin dipun-budidayakaken amargi gadhah daya adhaptasi ingkang inggil.

Wonten ing siklus gesangipun, ulam kerapu wonten ing perairan dangkal 0.5 dumugi 3 mèter. Lajeng manawi sampun ageng pindah dhateng papan ingkang langkung jero malih kinten-kinten 7-40 mèter. Wonten ing Indonesia, ulam kerapu kathah kapanggih wonten ing perairan Pulo Sumatera, Jawa, Sulawesi, Ambon, lan Pulo Buru.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Penulis lan editor Wikipedia

Груперлер ( Kirghiz; Kyrgyz )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Дөө гупер (Epinephelus marginatus).

Груперлер (лат. Epinephelus) — корумчул алабугалардын бир уруусу, буларга төмөнкү түрлөр кирет: кызыл групер (лат. Cephalopholis miniatus), таргыл групер (Epinephelus fasciatus), уюк чаар групер (Е. merra), жапон групери (Aulacocephalus temmincki).

Колдонулган адабияттар

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia жазуучу жана редактор

Груперлер: Brief Summary ( Kirghiz; Kyrgyz )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages
 src= Дөө гупер (Epinephelus marginatus).

Груперлер (лат. Epinephelus) — корумчул алабугалардын бир уруусу, буларга төмөнкү түрлөр кирет: кызыл групер (лат. Cephalopholis miniatus), таргыл групер (Epinephelus fasciatus), уюк чаар групер (Е. merra), жапон групери (Aulacocephalus temmincki).

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia жазуучу жана редактор

களவாய் மீன் ( Tamil )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

களவாய் மீன் (Epinephelus) என்பது ஒருவகை அரிய கடல் மீன் இனம் ஆகும். களவாய் மீன்களில் பல இரக மீன்கள் இருக்கின்றன. என்றாலும், தமிழ்நாட்டின பாம்பன் கடல் பகுதியில் தாழங்களவாய், புள்ளிக் களவாய், மரக்களவாய், சாம்பல்நிறக் களவாய், சிவப்புக் களவாய் ஆகிய வகை மீன்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன. இதில் சிவப்புக் களவாய் மீன் அந்தமான் கடல் பகுதியில் காணப்பக்கூடியவை. அரிதாக சிலசமயம் தமிழகக் கடல் பகுதியில் பிடிபடும்.[2]

இந்த களவாய் மீன்கள் ஆண், பெண் தன்மைகள் கலந்தே பிறக்கின்றன. இதில் சூழ்நிலைக்குத் தக்கவாறு ஆணாக விரும்பினால் ஆணாகவும், பெண்ணாக விரும்பினால் பெண்ணாகவும் மாறும் தன்மை இந்த மீன்களுக்கு உண்டு. ஆண் மற்றும் பெண் தன்மைகளோடு முதல் 4 ஆண்டுகள் இருக்கும். அதைத் தொடர்ந்து களவாய் மீன் 2 அடி நீளம் வளர்ச்சி அடைந்து பெண்ணாக இனமுதிர்ச்சி அடையும். மீண்டும் தன்னுடைய 15-வது வயதில் இவை ஆண் மீனாக மாறுகின்றன. களவாய் மீன்களின் எண்ணிக்கை குறைந்துவிட்டால், அதிக வயதான பெண் மீன்கள், ஆணாக மாறாமல் பெண்ணாகவே இருந்து தன்னுடைய இனத்தைப் பெருக்கும்.[3][4]

குறிப்புகள்

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
விக்கிபீடியா ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள்

களவாய் மீன்: Brief Summary ( Tamil )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

களவாய் மீன் (Epinephelus) என்பது ஒருவகை அரிய கடல் மீன் இனம் ஆகும். களவாய் மீன்களில் பல இரக மீன்கள் இருக்கின்றன. என்றாலும், தமிழ்நாட்டின பாம்பன் கடல் பகுதியில் தாழங்களவாய், புள்ளிக் களவாய், மரக்களவாய், சாம்பல்நிறக் களவாய், சிவப்புக் களவாய் ஆகிய வகை மீன்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன. இதில் சிவப்புக் களவாய் மீன் அந்தமான் கடல் பகுதியில் காணப்பக்கூடியவை. அரிதாக சிலசமயம் தமிழகக் கடல் பகுதியில் பிடிபடும்.

இந்த களவாய் மீன்கள் ஆண், பெண் தன்மைகள் கலந்தே பிறக்கின்றன. இதில் சூழ்நிலைக்குத் தக்கவாறு ஆணாக விரும்பினால் ஆணாகவும், பெண்ணாக விரும்பினால் பெண்ணாகவும் மாறும் தன்மை இந்த மீன்களுக்கு உண்டு. ஆண் மற்றும் பெண் தன்மைகளோடு முதல் 4 ஆண்டுகள் இருக்கும். அதைத் தொடர்ந்து களவாய் மீன் 2 அடி நீளம் வளர்ச்சி அடைந்து பெண்ணாக இனமுதிர்ச்சி அடையும். மீண்டும் தன்னுடைய 15-வது வயதில் இவை ஆண் மீனாக மாறுகின்றன. களவாய் மீன்களின் எண்ணிக்கை குறைந்துவிட்டால், அதிக வயதான பெண் மீன்கள், ஆணாக மாறாமல் பெண்ணாகவே இருந்து தன்னுடைய இனத்தைப் பெருக்கும்.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
விக்கிபீடியா ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள்

Epinephelus

provided by wikipedia EN

Epinephelus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas throughout the world. They are important target species for fisheries.

Characteristics

The fishes in the genus Epinephelus have elongate, subcylindrical bodies which may be oblong or deep and compressed in shape. The depth of the body varies between 2.3 and 3.7 times the standard length and head is usually around the same length as the body is deep. The preopercle can be rounded or angular and has a serrated rear edge with the serrations at the angle being enlarged to a lesser or greater extent. In a small number of species serrations are small and on the lower edge they are covered by skin. Caniform teeth are found at the front of jaws, although these can be rather small in a few species. They do not have any obviously enlarged caniform teeth in the middle of the lower jaw. There are teeth on the roof of the mouth. In adults, the maxilla does not have a noticeable bony protrusion on the lower rear angle, although they can have an deep step or hook-like process which is hidden by the upper lips, on the rear part of its lower edge. The dorsal fin normally contains 9 spines, although some species have 10, as well as 12 to 19 rays. The origin of the dorsal fin sits above the opercle and the soft rayed part is shorter than the spiny part. The anal fin contains 3 distinct spines and 7 to 10 soft rays. The pectoral fin is rounded with its middle rays being longer than the others longest. The caudal fin may be rounded, truncate or concave, contains 8 branched rays and 8 to 10 fin rays which are slender, unbranched and unsegmented (referred to as "procurrent") fin rays at the leading edges of he caudal fin on the upper lobe and 7 branched rays and 7 to 10 procurrent rays in the lower lobe. The body is covered in ctenoid or smooth scales.[4]

Habitat and biology

Epinephelus groupers are occur mainly on coral or rocky reefs, although a small number of species have been recorded over substrates consisting of sand, silt or mud. A few species are found in deep water, down to at least 525 metres (1,722 ft), but the majority occur between 10 and 200 metres (33 and 656 ft). The two largest members of the genus, E. itajara and E. lanceolatus, either of which may attain a length in excess of 2 metres (6.6 ft) and a weight greater than 400 kilograms (880 lb) have frequently been recorded in estuaries and harbours. Most of the species in the genus Epinephelus are predatory fish which feed on larger invertebrates, mostly crustaceans, and other fishes taken on or close to the substrate. E. undulosus is an unusual grouper species distinguished by having many, long gill rakers and this species has been reported to feed on pelagic tunicates, at least on occasion. Only a few species have had their reproductive biology studied and many species appear to be protogynous hermaphrodites. However, in some species there are males in the populations which are smaller than some of the females, suggesting a more complex biology and this suggests that some females do not change sex, and that some males may not have a undergone a functional female stage.[4]

Distribution

Epinephelus species are found around the world in tropical and subtropical seas and oceans. The greatest diversity occurs in the Indo-West Pacific, while 8 species are found in the eastern Pacific, 11 in the western Atlantic Ocean 9 species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.[4] Four species have entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal as Lessepsian migrants.[5]

Utilisation

Epinephelus groupers are among the most valuable species exploited by commercial fishes in the world's tropical seas and they fetch some of the highest prices when marketed. They have also been used in aquaculture.[4]

Species

The 89 recognized species in this genus are:[6]

Some of these species are placed in the genus Hyporthodus by some authorities, for example Epinephelus darwinensis is treated as Hyporthodus darwinensis by the Catalog of Fishes.[12]

References

  1. ^ Jack Sepkoski. Shanan E. Peters (ed.). "1393 genera are assigned to the class OSTEICHTHYES". Sepkoski Online. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  2. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Epinephelus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Epinephelinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 69–75. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
  5. ^ Daniel Golani; Grigori Askarov; Yuri Dashevsky (2015). "First record of the Red Sea spotted grouper, Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Serranidae) in the Mediterranean". BioInvasions Records. 4 (2): 143–145. doi:10.3391/bir.2015.4.2.12.
  6. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Epinephelus in FishBase. June 2016 version.
  7. ^ Benjamin W. Frable; Sarah J. Tucker & H.J. Walker Jr. (2019). "A new species of grouper, Epinephelus craigi (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), from the South China Sea". Ichthyological Research. 66 (2): 215–224. doi:10.1007/s10228-018-0669-9. S2CID 53239811.
  8. ^ Johnson, J. & Worthington Wilmer, J. (2019). "Epinephelus fuscomarginatus (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), a new species of grouper from off the Great Barrier Reef, Australia". Zootaxa. 4674 (3): zootaxa.4674.3.2. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4674.3.2. PMID 31716001.
  9. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Epinephelus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  10. ^ Tucker, S.J., Kurniasih, E.M. & Craig, M.T. (2016): A New Species of Grouper (Epinephelus; Epinephelidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Copeia, 104 (3): 658-662.
  11. ^ Haohao Wu; Meng Qu; Hungdu Lin; Wei Tang & Shaoxiong Ding (2020). "Epinephelus tankahkeei, a new species of grouper (Teleostei, Perciformes, Epinephelidae) from the South China Sea". ZooKeys (933): 125–137. doi:10.3897/zookeys.933.46406. PMC 7248128. PMID 32508492.
  12. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Epinephelus darwinensis". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Epinephelus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Epinephelus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas throughout the world. They are important target species for fisheries.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Epinephelus ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Epinephelus es un género de peces perciformes de la familia Serranidae. Sus especies son propias de mares y océanos tropicales y subtropicales.

Especies

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Epinephelus es un género de peces perciformes de la familia Serranidae. Sus especies son propias de mares y océanos tropicales y subtropicales.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Kivikoha ( Estonian )

provided by wikipedia ET
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Vikipeedia autorid ja toimetajad
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ET

Epinephelus ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Epinephelus Serranidae familiako arrain genero bat da. Ozeano tropikal eta azpitropikaletan bizi dira.

Espezieak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Epinephelus Serranidae familiako arrain genero bat da. Ozeano tropikal eta azpitropikaletan bizi dira.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Epinephelus ( Finnish )

provided by wikipedia FI

Epinephelus on meriahventen heimoon (Serranidae) ja meriahventen alaheimoon (Epinephelinae) kuuluva kalasuku.

Lajit

Sukuun kuuluu 86 lajia. [1]

Lähteet

  1. http://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Epinephelus FishBase. R. Froese ja D. Pauly (toim.). Viitattu 21.11.2013. (englanniksi)
Tämä kaloihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FI

Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

provided by wikipedia FI

Epinephelus on meriahventen heimoon (Serranidae) ja meriahventen alaheimoon (Epinephelinae) kuuluva kalasuku.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FI

Epinephelus ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Epinephelus est un genre de poissons marins de la famille des Serranidae.

Ces poissons, de taille facilement imposante, sont souvent appelés « mérous » ou « Goliaths » (et à ne pas confondre avec le Poisson tigre goliath qui est une espèce d'eau douce, d'une autre famille taxinomique).

Liste des espèces

Selon FishBase (1er mars 2014)[1] :

Voir aussi

Article connexe

Références taxinomiques

Bibliographie

Siliotti A. (2006) Poissons de la Mer Rouge. Geodia Edizioni, Vérone, 287 p.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Epinephelus est un genre de poissons marins de la famille des Serranidae.

Ces poissons, de taille facilement imposante, sont souvent appelés « mérous » ou « Goliaths » (et à ne pas confondre avec le Poisson tigre goliath qui est une espèce d'eau douce, d'une autre famille taxinomique).

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Epinephelus ( Galician )

provided by wikipedia gl Galician

 src=
Epinephelus bruneus.
 src=
Epinephelus aeneus.
 src=
Epinephelus fasciatus.
 src=
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus.
 src=
Epinephelus lanceolatus.
 src=
Epinephelus maculatus.
 src=
Epinephelus malabaricus.
 src=
Epinephelus marginatus (mero de altura).
 src=
Epinephelus merra.
 src=
Epinephelus morio.
 src=
Epinephelus polyphekadion.
 src=
Epinephelus striatus.
 src=
Epinephelus tauvina.
 src=
Un Epinephelus tukula ao que están limpando dous Labroides imidiatus no mar do Coral.
 src=
Epinephelus fulvus
 src=
Epinephelus guttatus.

Epinephelus é o xénero tipo da subfamilia dos epinefelinos (Epinephelinae) peixes da familia dos serránidos (Serranidae), da orde dos perciformes (Perciformes).

As especies que compoñen o xénero son peixes de gran tamaño, corpo groso e cabeza grande, semellantes aos polipriónidos e coñecidos, con estes, cos nomes xenéricos de meros ou chernas.

Habitan nos mares e océanos tropicais e subtropicais.[3] En Galicia está citada unha das súas especies, Epinephelus marginatus, o mero de altura.[4][5][6]

Especies

Notas

  1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002): "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera", Bulletins of American Paleontology, 364: 560 [1] Consultada o 30/11/2012.
  2. Bloch M. E. (1793): "Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische". Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische vol. 7. pp. 1-144.
  3. Discover Life (en castelán)
  4. Rodríguez Solórzano, Manuel; Sergio Devesa Regueiro e Lidia Soutullo Garrido (1983): Guía dos peixes de Galicia. Vigo: Editorial Galaxia. ISBN 84-7154-433-4.
  5. Rodríguez Villanueva, X. L. e Xavier Vázquez (1992): Peixes do mar de Galicia. (II) Peixes óseos: xeneralidades, clasificación e orde perciformes. Vigo: Edicións Xerais de Galicia. ISBN 84-7507-654-8.
  6. Solórzano, Manuel R[odríguez]; José L. Rodríguez, José Iglesias, Francisco X, Pereira e Federico Álvarez (1988): Inventario dos peixes do litoral galego (Pisces: Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes). O Castro-Sada, A Coruña: Cadernos da Área de Ciencias Biolóxicas (Inventarios). Seminario de Estudos Galegos, vol. IV. ISBN 84-7492-370-0.
  7. Osbeck, P. (1765): Reise nach Ostindien und China. German translation by J. G. Georgius. J. C. Koppe, Rostock. i-xxvi + 1-552 + 25-p. index, Pls. 1-13.
  8. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. (1817): "Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée" en Description de l'Egypte,... Histoire Naturelle. Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. v. 1. Pls. 18-27.
  9. Boulenger, G. A. (1903): "Descriptions of six new perciform fishes from the coast of Natal", Annals of the South African Museum, 3 (3): 63-67, Pls. 2-7.
  10. Bleeker, P. (1855): "Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina". Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, 8: 391-434.
  11. Valenciennes, A. (1837-1844): "Ichthyologie des îles Canaries, ou histoire naturelle des poissons rapportés par Webb & Berthelot" en P. B. Webb & S. Berthelot (1835-1850): Histoire naturelle des îles Canaries. Paris, vol. 2 (2): 1-109, 26 pls.
  12. 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1828. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome second. Livre Troisième. Des poissons de la famille des perches, ou des percoïdes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. vol. 2: i-xxi + 2 pp. + 1-490, Pls. 9-40.
  13. Allen , G. R. e Robertson, D. R. (1999): "Epinephelus clippertonensis, a new species of serranid fish from the tropical eastern Pacific", Revue Francaise de Aquariologie, 26: 11-15.
  14. 14,0 14,1 Bloch, M. E. (1790): "Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische". Berlin. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. vol. 4: i-xii + 1-128, Pls. 217-252.
  15. Hamilton, F. [Buchanan] (1822): An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39. Edimburg & London.
  16. Steindachner, F. (1878): "Ichthyologische Beiträge". VI. [Subtitles i-x.]. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Classe. vol. 77 (1. Abth.): 379-392, Pls. 1-3.
  17. Richardson, J. (1846): "Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan". Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]: 187-320.
  18. Günther, A. (1876): "Remarks on fishes, with descriptions of new species in the British Museum, chiefly from southern seas", Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) vol. 17 (núm. 101): 389-402.
  19. 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 Forsskål, P. (1775): Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis terras per annos 1772 1773 et 1774 suscepto, ...: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.
  20. Lacepède, B. G. E. (1802): Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. vol. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.
  21. Randall, J. E. & P. C. Heemstra. (1991): "Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species". Indo-Pacific Fishes Núm. 20: 1-332, Pls. 1-41.
  22. Linnaeus, C. (1758): Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. vol. 1: i-ii + 1-824.
  23. Ben-Tuvia, A. (1953): "Mediterranean fishes of Israel", Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa, Núm. 8: 1-40.
  24. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider (1801): M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
  25. 25,0 25,1 Günther, A. (1873): "Andrew Garrett´s Fische der Südsee". (Band I) Heft I. Journal des Museum Godefroy, Band II, Heft III. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg. 1-24, Col. Pls. 1-20.
  26. Lichtenstein, M. H. C. (1822): "Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso Über die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, erläutert aus den wieder aufgefundenen Original-Abbildungen. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1820-1821: 267-288.
  27. Kner, R. (1864): "Specielles Verzeichniss der während der Reise der kaiserlichen Fregatte "Novara" gesammelten Fische". Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Classe vol. 49: 481-486.
  28. Bleeker, P. (1855): "Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Batjan". Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië vol. 9: 491-504.
  29. 29,0 29,1 Bloch, M. E. (1790): Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. Berlín. vol. 4: i-xii + 1-128, Pls. 217-252.
  30. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. (1801): "M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo". Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
  31. Lowe, R. T. (1834): "Characters of a new genus Leirus, and of several new species of fishes from Madeira". Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London, 1833 (1): 142-144.
  32. 32,0 32,1 Schultz, L. P., E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, A. D. Welander & L. P. Woods. (1953): "Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae". Bulletin of the United States National Museum Nº 202, vol. 1: i-xxxii + 1-685, Pls. 1-74.
  33. Bloch, M. E. (1793): Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. vol. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360.
  34. 34,0 34,1 34,2 Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes (1830): Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 6: i-xxiv + 6 pp. + 1-559, Pls. 141-169.
  35. Peters, W. (C. H.) (1876): "Übersicht der von Hrn. Prof. Dr. K. Möbius in Mauritius und bei den Seychellen gesammelten Fische". Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin. 1876: 435-447.
  36. Bleeker, P. (1849): "Bijdrage tot de kennis der Percoïden van den Malayo-Molukschen Archipel, met beschrijving van 22 nieuwe soorten". Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wettenschappen, vol. 22: 1-64.
  37. Day, F. (1875): "The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. London. Part 1: 1-168, Pls. 1-40.
  38. Bloch, M. E. (1792): Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. Berlin. vol. 6: i-xii + 1-126, Pls. 289-323.
  39. Morgans, J. F. C. (1959): "Three confusing species of serranid fish, one described as new, from East Africa". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) vol. 1 (núm. 10) [1958]: 642-656, Pls. 17, 19.
  40. Peters, W. (C. H.). (1866): "Mittheilung über Fische (Protopterus, Auliscops, Labrax, Labracoglossa, Nematocentris, Serranus, Scorpis, Opisthognathus, Scombresox, Acharnes, Anguilla, Gymnomuraena, Chilorhinus, Ophichthys, Helmichthys)". Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin. 1866: 509-526, 1 pl.
  41. Animal Diversity Web (en inglés)
  42. BioLib (en inglés)
  43. UNEP-WCMC Species Database (en inglés)
  44. World Register of Marine Species (en inglés)
  45. The Taxonomicon (en inglés)
  46. Catalogue of Life (en inglés)
  47. FishBase (en inglés)
  48. ITIS (en inglés)
  49. NCBI (en inglés)

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

  • Eschmeyer, William N. (1990): Genera of Recent Fishes. San Francisdco (Cal., EE.UU.): California Academy of Sciences. ISBN 0-940228-23-8.
  • Heemstra , P. C. e Randall, J. E. (1993): "Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date". Roma: FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 16., FAO Fish. Synop. Núm. 125, pp. 1–382.
  • Helfman, G.; B. Collette e D. Facey (1997): The diversity of fishes. Malden (Massachusetts, EE.UU.): Blackwell Science.
  • Moyle, P. e J. Cech. (2000): Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4ª ed. Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, EE.UU): Prentice-Hall.
  • Nelson, J. (1994): Fishes of the World, 3ª ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Wheeler, A. (1985): The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2ª. ed. London: Macdonald.

Outros artigos

(en inglés)

  • ZipCodeZoo.com (en inglés)
  • uBio (en inglés)
  • license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autores e editores de Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia gl Galician

    Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Galician )

    provided by wikipedia gl Galician
     src= Epinephelus bruneus.  src= Epinephelus aeneus.  src= Epinephelus fasciatus.  src= Epinephelus fuscoguttatus.  src= Epinephelus lanceolatus.  src= Epinephelus maculatus.  src= Epinephelus malabaricus.  src= Epinephelus marginatus (mero de altura).  src= Epinephelus merra.  src= Epinephelus morio.  src= Epinephelus polyphekadion.  src= Epinephelus striatus.  src= Epinephelus tauvina.  src= Un Epinephelus tukula ao que están limpando dous Labroides imidiatus no mar do Coral.  src= Epinephelus fulvus  src= Epinephelus guttatus.

    Epinephelus é o xénero tipo da subfamilia dos epinefelinos (Epinephelinae) peixes da familia dos serránidos (Serranidae), da orde dos perciformes (Perciformes).

    As especies que compoñen o xénero son peixes de gran tamaño, corpo groso e cabeza grande, semellantes aos polipriónidos e coñecidos, con estes, cos nomes xenéricos de meros ou chernas.

    Habitan nos mares e océanos tropicais e subtropicais. En Galicia está citada unha das súas especies, Epinephelus marginatus, o mero de altura.

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autores e editores de Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia gl Galician

    Kerapu ( Indonesian )

    provided by wikipedia ID
    Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Kerapu.

    Kerapu adalah ikan anggota sejumlah genus dalam anaksuku Epinephelinae, suku Serranidae dalam seri Perciformes.


    Nama

    Dalam bahasa Inggris, "kerapu" disebut grouper atau groper, yang dipercaya berasal dari nama garoupa, yang diperkirakan dari bahasa Portugis. Ada yang mengatakan bahwa nama Portugis ini berasal dari salah satu bahasa asli Amerika Selatan.

    Jenis

    Hibrida antargenus
    • Kerapu cantang (E. lanceolatus × E. fuscoguttatus, hibrida buatan, 2011)
    • Kerapu cantik (E. fuscoguttatus × E. macrodon, hibrida buatan, 2011)

    Rujukan

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Penulis dan editor Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia ID

    Kerapu: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

    provided by wikipedia ID
    Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Kerapu.

    Kerapu adalah ikan anggota sejumlah genus dalam anaksuku Epinephelinae, suku Serranidae dalam seri Perciformes.


    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Penulis dan editor Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia ID

    Epinephelus ( Italian )

    provided by wikipedia IT

    Epinephelus Bloch, 1793 è un genere di pesci della famiglia dei Serranidi.[1]

    Tassonomia

    Il genere comprende le seguenti specie:[1]

    Note

    1. ^ a b (EN) Epinephelus, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 30 marzo 2020.

     title=
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia IT

    Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

    provided by wikipedia IT

    Epinephelus Bloch, 1793 è un genere di pesci della famiglia dei Serranidi.

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia IT

    Epinephelus ( Latin )

    provided by wikipedia LA

    Epinephelus est genus piscium familiae Serranidarum in oceanis Atlantico, Indico, et Oceano endemicorum.

    Species

    Sunt in genere 89 species descriptae:[2]

    Notae

    1. Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.
    2. Species generis "Epinephelus" apud FishBase
    3. Golani, D., Askarov, G. & Dashevsky, Y. (2015): First record of the Red Sea spotted grouper, Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Serranidae) in the Mediterranean. BioInvasions Records 4(2):143–145.
    4. Tucker, S. J., Kurniasih, E. M., & Craig, M. T. (2016): A New Species of Grouper (Epinephelus; Epinephelidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Copeia, 104 (3): 658-662.
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Et auctores varius id editors
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia LA

    Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Latin )

    provided by wikipedia LA
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Et auctores varius id editors
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia LA

    Gruperiai meros ( Lithuanian )

    provided by wikipedia LT

    Gruperiai meros (lot. Epinephelus) - akmeninių ešerių (Serranidae) šeimos žuvų gentis.

    Gentyje yra 99 rūšys.

    Rūšys


    Vikiteka

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Vikipedijos autoriai ir redaktoriai
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia LT

    Gruperiai meros: Brief Summary ( Lithuanian )

    provided by wikipedia LT
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Vikipedijos autoriai ir redaktoriai
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia LT

    Epinephelus ( Dutch; Flemish )

    provided by wikipedia NL

    Vissen

    Epinephelus is een geslacht van tandbaarzen. Vele soorten van deze grote zeebaarzen staan op de rode lijst van bedreigde diersoorten.

    Soorten

    FishBase rubriceert 99 soorten:

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia NL

    Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

    provided by wikipedia NL

    Epinephelus is een geslacht van tandbaarzen. Vele soorten van deze grote zeebaarzen staan op de rode lijst van bedreigde diersoorten.

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia NL

    Epinephelus ( Polish )

    provided by wikipedia POL
     src= Na tę stronę wskazuje przekierowanie z „Cerna”. Zobacz też: Cerna – miejscowość w Chorwacji. Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

    Epinephelusrodzaj ryb okoniokształtnych z rodziny strzępielowatych.

    Klasyfikacja

    Gatunki zaliczane do tego rodzaju [2]:

    Przypisy

    1. Epinephelus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
    2. Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R.: Catalog of Fishes electronic version (7 August 2012) (ang.). California Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 23 września 2012].
    3. Fritz Terofal, Claus Militz, Ryby morskie, Warszawa : "Świat Książki", 1996, ​ISBN 83-7129-306-2​ (występuje pod synonimiczną nazwą łacińską)
    4. Fritz Terofal, Claus Militz: Ryby morskie. Warszawa: Świat Książki, 1996. ​ISBN 83-7129-306-2​ (z artykułu gatunku)
    5. Dimitrij Strelnikoff: Wielka encyklopedia zwierząt, tom 24, str. 36. Oxford Educational. ​ISBN 978-83-7425-924-8​ (z artykułu gatunku)
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia POL

    Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Polish )

    provided by wikipedia POL
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia POL

    Epinephelus ( Portuguese )

    provided by wikipedia PT

    Epinephelus é um género que inclui os peixes de nome comum garoupas, chernes, badejos e meros.

    Espécies

    As 89 espécies reconhecidas neste gênero são:[3]

    Galeria

    Referências

    1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard (eds.). «Epinephelus». Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Consultado em 22 de junho de 2020
    2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard (eds.). «Genera in the family Epinephelinae». Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Consultado em 22 de junho de 2020
    3. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). Espécies de Epinephelus em FishBase. Versão de Abril de 2006.
    4. Benjamin W. Frable; Sarah J. Tucker; H.J. Walker Jr. (2019). «A new species of grouper, Epinephelus craigi (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), from the South China Sea». Ichthyological Research. 66 (2): 215–224. doi:10.1007/s10228-018-0669-9
    5. Johnson, J.; Worthington Wilmer, J. (2019). «Epinephelus fuscomarginatus (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), a new species of grouper from off the Great Barrier Reef, Australia». Zootaxa. 4674 (3): zootaxa.4674.3.2. PMID 31716001. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4674.3.2
    6. Predefinição:Cof genus
    7. Tucker, S.J., Kurniasih, E.M. & Craig, M.T. (2016): A New Species of Grouper (Epinephelus; Epinephelidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Copeia, 104 (3): 658-662.
    8. Haohao Wu; Meng Qu; Hungdu Lin; Wei Tang; Shaoxiong Ding (2020). «Epinephelus tankahkeei, a new species of grouper (Teleostei, Perciformes, Epinephelidae) from the South China Sea». ZooKeys (933): 125–137. PMC . PMID 32508492. doi:10.3897/zookeys.933.46406
    • «Epinephelus» (em inglês). ITIS (www.itis.gov)
    • Dieter Eichler, Robert F. Myers: Korallenfische Indopazifik, Jahr-Verlag GmbH & Co., ISBN 3-86132-225-0
    • Ewald Lieske, Robert F. Myers: Korallenfische der Welt. Jahr Top Special Verlag Hamburg, ISBN 3-86132-112-2
    • Hans A. Baensch / Robert A. Patzner: Mergus Meerwasser-Atlas Band 7 Perciformes (Barschartige). Mergus-Verlag, Melle, ISBN 3-88244-107-0
    • Phillip C. Heemstra: Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae) An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Grouper, Rockcod, Hind, Coral Grouper and Lyretail Species. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. Vol. 16. FAO Rom 1993; Seiten 69–251. (Vollständiges PDF)
     title=
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autores e editores de Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia PT

    Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

    provided by wikipedia PT

    Epinephelus é um género que inclui os peixes de nome comum garoupas, chernes, badejos e meros.

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Autores e editores de Wikipedia
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia PT

    Групер ( Ukrainian )

    provided by wikipedia UK

    Групер, або Мероу (Epinephelus) — рід риб родини Серранові (Serranidae). Вони зустрічаються в усіх тропічних і субтропічних морях. Налічують близько 90 видів.

    Опис

    Довжина і маса риб коливається від 20 см і 100 г, до більше 2,5 метрів і масою більше 450 кг. У водах тропічної частини Індійського і Тихого океанів мешкає велетенський групер ''Epinephelus lanceolatus'' довжиною 270 см і вагою 400 кг В західній частині Тихого океану водиться групер Epinephelus itajara, 250 см завдовжки і вагою 455 кг. Це переважно великі риби, що мають масивне, злегка стисле з боків тіло і дещо сплюснуту зверху вниз голову. Луска дрібна, зазублена, щільно сидить. Нижня щелепа зазвичай сильно видасться вперед і має одну або декілька пар сильних зубів, на верхній щелепі розташовані також зуби (частіше всього одна пара). Передкришка сильно зазублена. Рідкісні короткі і товсті зяброві тичинки покриті гострими дрібними шпильками, які можуть поранити руку, якщо рибу узяти голою рукою під зябра. Забарвлення груперів, як правило, дуже яскраве і різноманітне, типове для мешканців коралових рифів, в яких вони зазвичай тримаються.

    Поведінка

    Хижаки. Їх верхня губа прикріплена до голови за допомогою зв'язок і шкірних складок, і коли риба опускає нижню щелепу, рот набуває форми трубки, яка засмоктує здобич. Живляться дрібними акулами, рибою, омарами, скатами, молодими морськими черепахами. Групери ніколи не утворюють зграй, а тримаються самостійно, підстерігаючи здобич в засідці. Найбільша кількість видів цього роду (близько 50) мешкає в Індійському і Тихому океанах. Більшість з них цінні промислові риби, хоча у деяких індоокеанських видів м'ясо отруйне. Причина цього явища досі повністю не з'ясована.

    Значення

    Ловлять груперів переважно гаковими знаряддями лову: вудками, ярусами; рибалки країн Азії і Африки добувають їх також остенями і списами. Особливо успішний промисел великих смугастих груперів (Е. fasciatus, Е. diacanthus) здійснюється біля берегів Північно-західної Індії, де їх лов здійснюється з невеликих моторних або вітрильних суден на відстані 5-10 км від берега в районі підводних скель або коралових рифів. Те, що більшість груперів мешкають серед каменів і коралів, не дозволяє добувати їх у великих кількостях тралами.

    Види

    Групер
    ← 4,6 млрд 542 488 444 416 359 299 251 200 145 65 23 2

    Примітки

    1. Osbeck, P. 1765. Reise nach Ostindien und China. German translation by J. G. Georgius. J. C. Koppe, Rostock. Reise nach Ostindien und China.: i-xxvi + 1-552 + 25-p. index, Pls. 1-13.(нім.)
    2. Saint-Hilaire Geoffroy E. 1817. Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. A: Description de l'Egypte, … Histoire Naturelle. Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. v. 1. Pls. 18-27.(фр.)
    3. Boulenger G.A. Descriptions of six new perciform fishes from the coast of Natal // Annals of the South African Museum. — 1903. — Vol. 3, pt 3. — P. 63-67, Pls. 2-7.(англ.)
    4. Bleeker P. Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Amboina // Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië. — 1855. — Vol. 8. — S. 391–434.(нід.)
    5. Valenciennes, A. 18371844. Ichthyologie des îles Canaries, ou histoire naturelle des poissons rapportés par Webb & Berthelot. A: P. B. Webb & S. Berthelot. Histoire naturelle des îles Canaries. París, 1835–1850. Ichthyologie des îles Canaries, ou histoire naturelle des poissons rapportés par Webb & Berthelot. v. 2 (pt 2): 1-109, 26 pls.(фр.)
    6. а б в г Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1828. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome second. Livre Troisième. Des poissons de la famille des perches, ou des percoïdes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 2: i-xxi + 2 pp. + 1-490, Pls. 9-40.(фр.)
    7. Allen , G.R. i Robertson, D.R., 1999, Epinephelus clippertonensis, a new species of serranid fish from the tropical eastern Pacific., Revue Francaise de Aquariologie, 26:11-15.(англ.)
    8. а б Bloch, M. E. 1790. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 4: i-xii + 1-128, Pls. 217–252.(нім.)
    9. Hamilton, F. [Buchanan] 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edimburg & Londres. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches.: i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39.(англ.)
    10. Steindachner, F. 1878. Ichthyologische Beiträge. VI. [Subtitles i-x.]. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Classe. v. 77 (1. Abth.): 379–392, Pls. 1-3.(нім.)
    11. Richardson, J. 1846. Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]: 187–320.(англ.)
    12. Günther, A. 1876. Remarks on fishes, with descriptions of new species in the British Museum, chiefly from southern seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (núm. 101): 389–402.(англ.)
    13. а б в Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit… Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis terras per annos 1772 1773 et 1774 suscepto, …: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.Шаблон:La icon
    14. Lacepède, B. G. E. 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.(фр.)
    15. Randall, J. E. & P. C. Heemstra. 1991. Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes Núm. 20: 1-332, Pls. 1-41.(англ.)
    16. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.Шаблон:La icon
    17. Ben-Tuvia, A. 1953. Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa Núm. 8: 1-40.(англ.)
    18. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.Шаблон:La icon
    19. а б Günther, A. 1873. Andrew Garrett´s Fische der Südsee. (Band I) Heft I. Journal des Museum Godefroy, Band II, Heft III. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg. Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee.: 1-24, Col. Pls. 1-20.(нім.)
    20. Lichtenstein, M. H. C. 1822. Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso Über die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, erläutert aus den wieder aufgefundenen Original-Abbildungen. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 18201821: 267–288.(нім.)
    21. Kner, R. 1864. Specielles Verzeichniss der während der Reise der kaiserlichen Fregatte «Novara» gesammelten Fische. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Classe v. 49: 481–486.(нім.)
    22. Bleeker, P. 1855. Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Batjan. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9: 491–504.(нід.)
    23. а б Bloch, M. E. 1790. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 4: i-xii + 1-128, Pls. 217–252.(нім.)
    24. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.Шаблон:La icon
    25. Lowe, R. T. 1834. Characters of a new genus Leirus, and of several new species of fishes from Madeira. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1833 (pt 1): 142–144.(англ.)
    26. а б Schultz, L. P., E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, A. D. Welander & L. P. Woods. 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1: i-xxxii + 1-685, Pls. 1-74.(англ.)
    27. Bloch, M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325–360.(нім.)
    28. а б в Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1830. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 6: i-xxiv + 6 pp. + 1-559, Pls. 141–169.(фр.)
    29. Peters, W. (C. H.). 1876. Übersicht der von Hrn. Prof. Dr. K. Möbius in Mauritius und bei den Seychellen gesammelten Fische. Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlín 1876: 435–447.(нім.)
    30. Bleeker, P. 1849. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Percoïden van den Malayo-Molukschen Archipel, met beschrijving van 22 nieuwe soorten. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wettenschappen v. 22: 1-64.(нід.)
    31. Day, F. 1875. The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Londres. The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 1: 1-168, Pls. 1-40.(англ.)
    32. Bloch, M. E. 1792. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 6: i-xii + 1-126, Pls. 289–323.(нім.)
    33. Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit… Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis terras per annos 1772 1773 et 1774 suscepto, …: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.Шаблон:La icon
    34. Morgans, J. F. C. 1959. Three confusing species of serranid fish, one described as new, from East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 1 (núm. 10) [1958]: 642–656, Pls. 17, 19.(англ.)
    35. Peters, W. (C. H.). 1866. Mittheilung über Fische (Protopterus, Auliscops, Labrax, Labracoglossa, Nematocentris, Serranus, Scorpis, Opisthognathus, Scombresox, Acharnes, Anguilla, Gymnomuraena, Chilorhinus, Ophichthys, Helmichthys). Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin 1866: 509–526, 1 pl.(нім.)
    36. Animal Diversity Web (англ.)
    37. BioLib (англ.)
    38. UNEP-WCMC Species Database (англ.)
    39. World Register of Marine Species (англ.)
    40. The Taxonomicon (англ.)
    41. Catalogue of Life (англ.)
    42. FishBase (англ.)
    43. ITIS (англ.)
    44. NCBI (англ.)

    Ресурси Інтернету


    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia UK

    Групер: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

    provided by wikipedia UK
     src= Epinephelus bruneus  src= Epinephelus fasciatus  src= Epinephelus fuscoguttatus  src= Epinephelus lanceolatus  src= Epinephelus maculatus  src= Epinephelus malabaricus

    Групер, або Мероу (Epinephelus) — рід риб родини Серранові (Serranidae). Вони зустрічаються в усіх тропічних і субтропічних морях. Налічують близько 90 видів.

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia UK

    Epinephelus ( Vietnamese )

    provided by wikipedia VI

    Epinephelusdanh pháp khoa học của một chi trong họ Cá mú (Serranidae). Chúng là các loài cá lớn sinh sống ngoài biển. Tên gọi chung của chúng là cá mú hay cá song. Các tên gọi này cũng chia sẻ với một vài chi khác, như Plectropomus.

    Các loài

     src=
    Epinephelus malabaricus (Cá mú đen, cá mú Malabar)

    FishBase liệt kê 99 loài:

    Tại Việt Nam

    Các loài cá trong chi này được nuôi khá phổ biến tại Việt Nam. Ba loài cá đang được ưu tiên nuôi gồm có:

    1. E. malabaricus (cá mú đen)
    2. E. akaara (cá mú chấm đỏ)
    3. E. fuscoguttatus (cá mú chấm hoa nâu)
     src=
    Bài viết này cần thêm chú thích nguồn gốc để kiểm chứng thông tin. Mời bạn giúp hoàn thiện bài viết này bằng cách bổ sung chú thích tới các nguồn đáng tin cậy. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ.

    Trong đó loài cá có giá trị kinh tế nhất là cá mú chấm đỏ vì thịt chắc và thơm ngon hơn 2 loài còn lại. Tuy nhiên thời gian nuôi để đạt được cùng trọng lượng mất gấp đôi so với cá mú đen và cá mú chấm hoa nâu. Ngoài ra việc sản xuất giống loài cá này cũng đang gặp nhiều khó khăn hơn hai loài còn lại.

    Cá mú đen và cá mú chấm hoa nâu đang được nuôi phổ biến tại vùng duyên hải miền Trung và miền Nam Việt Nam. Giống hai loài cá này hiện nay chủ yếu được nhập khẩu từ các nước như Indonesia, Đài Loan, Trung Quốc, Thái Lan v.v. Ở Việt Nam tại Viện NCNTTS III (Nha Trang) cũng đang thử nghiệm sản xuất giống, tuy nhiên sản lượng giống sản xuất ra chưa đáp ứng được nhu cầu của người nuôi. Riêng cá mú chấm đỏ lại được ưa chuộng nuôi tại vùng biển phía Bắc (các tỉnh Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng)

    Cá mú có giá trị kinh tế rất cao. Giá thị trường hiện nay đối với loài cá mú đen và cá mú chấm hoa nâu là 200.000-300.000 đồng/kg đối với cá có kích cỡ từ 800 g - 1 kg. Cá mú chấm đỏ giá 400.000-500.000 đồng/kg.

    Cá mú hiện nay chủ yếu được nuôi bè trên biển chỉ một số ít nuôi ao) nên phần lớn vấn giữ được tính chất "tự nhiên" của thịt hải sản rặng san hô.

    Vùng nuôi cá mú hiện nay ở Việt Nam tập trung ở các vùng biển Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Phú Yên, Khánh Hoà (Nha Trang, Vạn Giã, Cam Ranh), Bình Thuận (huyện đảo Phú Quý), Kiên Giang (huyện đảo Phú Quốc) vv...

    Món cá mú dễ ăn và được yêu thích nhất là cá mú hấp. Ngoài ra còn có thể chế biến thành lẩu cá mú, chiên, sốt, cá mú ăn mù tạt (susimi) cũng rất hấp dẫn. Thịt cá mú chắc, ngọt và thơm ăn vào sẽ cảm nhận được hương vị của biển cả.

    Chú thích

    1. ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). “A compendium of fossil marine animal genera”. Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: trang 560. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 1 năm 2008.
    2. ^ a ă â Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.18.
    3. ^ a ă â b Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.19.
    4. ^ Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.17.
    5. ^ a ă â b Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.20.
    6. ^ a ă Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.21.

    Tham khảo

     src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Epinephelus  src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Epinephelus
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia VI

    Epinephelus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

    provided by wikipedia VI

    Epinephelus là danh pháp khoa học của một chi trong họ Cá mú (Serranidae). Chúng là các loài cá lớn sinh sống ngoài biển. Tên gọi chung của chúng là cá mú hay cá song. Các tên gọi này cũng chia sẻ với một vài chi khác, như Plectropomus.

    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
    original
    visit source
    partner site
    wikipedia VI

    Груперы ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
     src=
    Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus
     src=
    Epinephelus fulvus
     src=
    Epinephelus fasciatus

    Примечания

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Линдберг Г. У., Герд А. С., Расс Т. С. Словарь названий морских промысловых рыб мировой фауны. — «Наука», Ленинградское отд-ние, 1980. — С. 149—152.
    2. 1 2 Большая российская энциклопедия. Том 8 — Григорьев — Динамика. М.: Большая российская энциклопедия. 2007—767 с. ISBN 978-5-85270-338-5 767
    3. Линдберг Г. У., Красюкова З. В. Рыбы Японского моря и сопредельных частей охотского и желтого морей. Часть 3. (Serranidae — Champsodontidae). Л.: Наука, 1969. — 479 с.
    4. Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 237. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
    5. Heemstra, P.C.; Randall, J.E. Volume 16. Groupers of the world (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae) // FAO species catalogue. Groupers of the world: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. — Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 1993. — P. 69–251. — 382 p. — ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
    6. Индоокеанский малоглазый групер (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
    7. Гуаса (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
    8. Epinephelus (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
    9. Род Epinephelus (англ.) в Мировом реестре морских видов (World Register of Marine Species).
    10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 238. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
    11. Отсутствует в FishBase.
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Авторы и редакторы Википедии

    Груперы: Brief Summary ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
     src= Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus  src= Epinephelus fulvus  src= Epinephelus fasciatus Epinephelus adscensionis Osbeck, 1765 — Кабра-мора Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) — Белополосый мероу, в некоторых источниках Полосатый мероу Epinephelus akaara Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 — Групер-акаара Epinephelus albomarginatus Boulenger, 1903 — Белоокаймлённый групер Epinephelus amblycephalus Bleeker, 1857 Epinephelus analogus Gill, 1863 — Пятнистый групер Epinephelus andersoni Boulenger, 1903 — Кошачий групер, или групер Андерсона Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) — Жёлто-белый групер Epinephelus awoara Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 — Групер-авоара Epinephelus bilobatus Randall & Allen, 1987 Epinephelus bleekeri Vaillant, 1878 Epinephelus bontoides Bleeker, 1855 Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793 Epinephelus caninus Valenciennes, 1843 — Зубатый групер Epinephelus chabaudi Castelnau, 1861 Epinephelus chlorocephalus Valenciennes, 1830 Epinephelus chlorostigma Valenciennes, 1828 — Крупнопятнистый групер Epinephelus cifuentesi Lavenberg & Grove, 1993 Epinephelus clippertonensis Allen & Robertson, 1999 Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus Bloch, 1790 Epinephelus coioides Hamilton, 1822 Epinephelus corallicola Valenciennes, 1828 Epinephelus costae Steindachner, 1878 Epinephelus cyanopodus Richardson, 1846 Epinephelus daemelii Günther]], 1876 Epinephelus darwinensis Randall & Heemstra, 1991 Epinephelus diacanthus Valenciennes, 1828 — Шестиполосый групер Epinephelus dispar Playfair, 1866 Epinephelus drummondhayi Goode & Bean, 1878 Epinephelus epistictus Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 — Палевый групер Epinephelus erythrurus Valenciennes, 1828 Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus Peters, 1865 Epinephelus fasciatus Forsskål, 1775 — Полосатый групер, или Краснополосый групер Epinephelus faveatus Valenciennes, 1828 Epinephelus flavocaeruleus Lacépède, 1802 — Жёлто-синий групер, или Сине-жёлтый групер Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Forsskål, 1775 — Буропятнистый групер Epinephelus gabriellae Randall & Heemstra, 1991 Epinephelus goreensis Valenciennes, 1830 Epinephelus guttatus Linnaeus, 1758 — Чернопёрый групер, также Кабрилья или Красный каменистый окунь Epinephelus heniochus Fowler, 1904 Epinephelus hexagonatus Forster, 1801 Epinephelus howlandi Günther, 1873 Epinephelus indistinctus Randall & Heemstra, 1991 Epinephelus irroratus Forster, 1801 Epinephelus itajara Lichtenstein, 1822 — Гуаса Epinephelus labriformis Jenyns, 1840 — Красная кабрилья Epinephelus lanceolatus Bloch, 1790 — Индоокеанский малоглазый групер Epinephelus latifasciatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 Epinephelus lebretonianus Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853 Epinephelus longispinis Kner, 1864 Epinephelus macrospilos Bleeker, 1855 Epinephelus maculatus Bloch, 1790 Epinephelus magniscuttis Postel, Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1963 Epinephelus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Epinephelus marginatus Lowe, 1834 Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz, 1953 Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 — Сетчатый групер Epinephelus miliaris Valenciennes, 1830 Epinephelus morio Valenciennes, 1828 — Красный групер, также Американская черна или Красный мероу Epinephelus morrhua Valenciennes, 1833 — Тресковый групер Epinephelus multinotatus Peters, 1876 Epinephelus ongus Bloch, 1790 Epinephelus poecilonotus Temminck & Schlegel, 1842 Epinephelus polylepis Randall & Heemstra, 1991 Epinephelus polyphekadion Bleeker, 1849 Epinephelus polystigma Bleeker, 1853 Epinephelus posteli Fourmanoir & Crosnier, 1964 Epinephelus quinquefasciatus Lichtenstein, 1822 Epinephelus quoyanus Valenciennes, 1830 Epinephelus radiatus Day, 1868 Epinephelus retouti Bleeker, 1868 Epinephelus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1830 Epinephelus sexfasciatus Valenciennes, 1828 Epinephelus socialis Günther, 1873 Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953 Epinephelus stictus Randall & Allen, 1987 Epinephelus stoliczkae Day, 1875 — Аравийский групер Epinephelus striatus Bloch, 1792 — Бурополосая черна, также в некоторых источниках Полосатая черна или Полосатый мероу Epinephelus suborbitalis Amaoka & Randall, 1990 Epinephelus summana Forsskål, 1775 — Групер-суммана Epinephelus tauvina Forsskål, 1775 — Таувина, Групер-таувина Epinephelus timorensis Randall & Allen, 1987 Epinephelus trimaculatus Valenciennes, 1828 Epinephelus trophis Randall & Allen, 1987 Epinephelus tuamotuensis Fourmanoir, 1971 Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 Epinephelus undulatostriatus Peters, 1866 Epinephelus undulosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 — Волнистый групер
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Авторы и редакторы Википедии

    우레기속 ( Korean )

    provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

    우레기속 또는 참바리속(Epinephelus)은 바리과에 속하는 물고기 속이다. 대서양인도양, 태평양에서 발견된다.

    하위 종

    89종이 알려져 있다.[1]

    각주

    1. (영어) Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2016년). 어류 정보 사이트 FishBase. Epinephelus에 속한 종. 2016년 6월 판
     title=
    license
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    copyright
    Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자