Benefits
provided by FAO species catalogs
There are fisheries of various sizes throughout most of the range of S. sarda. The species is particularly important in the Mediterranean and Black seas where it is taken by trap net, ring net, gillnet, trammel net, purse seine, beach seine, and hook and line (Demir, 1963). In the period from 1978 to 1981, 11 countries reported catches of S. sarda from Fishing Area 37, steadily increasing from 9 400 to about 29 400 t per year (FAO, 1983). Fishing in the Black Sea peaks between May and October, while in the Mediterranean it may vary from area to area or even extend throughout the year. The yearly world catch reported for the species in the above period tended upwards from 14 892 to 41 385 t (FAO, 1983). Fishing in the eastern tropical Atlantic takes place between October and May, while it extends throughout the year off Morocco. In the Bay of Biscay, the season is much shorter, from mid-April to mid-May, however, Spanish vessels may extend their operation through November. Peak fishing of the Spanish fleet all around the peninsula is in late spring and in fall. In the western Atlantic (Gulf of Maine), Atlantic bonito is taken between June and October. The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 37 240 t. The countries with the largest catches were Turkey (17 900 t) and Mexico (2 314 t).
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Brief Summary
provided by FAO species catalogs
An epipelagic, neritic,schooling speciesthat can adapt to gradual but not sudden changes in the environment and may occur in water temperatures between 12° and 27° C and salinities between 14 and 39 °/ooS, entering estuaries such as Miramichi and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In most parts of the Mediterranean spawning occurs between May and July, but off Algeria it extends from March to May. In the eastern Atlantic, it occurs from December to June, including peaks in January and April, off Dakar, and from June to July in Moroccan waters. In the northwestern Atlantic, bonitos spawn in June and July. Adults prey primarily on small schooling fishes, the choice of species depending on the locality. In the Gulf of Mexico, it was also found to feed on a number of invertebrates like squid and shrimps. It can swallow relatively large prey, and both the juveniles and the adults are known to be cannibalistic.
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Size
provided by FAO species catalogs
Maximum fork length in the Black Sea is 85 cm and 5 kg weight; in the western Atlantic, the largest fish caught is reported as measuring 91.4 cm fork length and weighing 5.4 kg; common to 50 cm fork length and about 2 kg weight. The all-tackle angling record is a 7.6 kg fish with a fork length of 78 cm taken in the Canary Islands in 1980. Minimum length at first maturity is about 39.5 cm in males and 40.5 cm in females.
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Distribution
provided by FAO species catalogs
Tropical and temperate coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean and Black seas (Collette & Chao, 1975:fig19. 70). In the western Atlantic, it has been taken at several localities along the outer coast of Nova Scotia but its usual northern limit is Cape Ann, Massachusetts. It is uncommon around southern Florida, present in the northern Gulf of Mexico, but apparently absent from most of the Caribbean Sea. It is known from Colombia and Venezuela and is much more common south of the Amazon River to northern Argentina. In the eastern Atlantic, it has been taken from near Oslo, Norway south to Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diagnostic Description
provided by FAO species catalogs
Upper jaw teeth 16 to 26; lower jaw teeth 12 to 24; vomerine teeth sometimes present; supramaxilla intermediate (Collette & Chao, 1975:fig. 32f) ; 16 to 23 gillrakers on first arch. First dorsal fin with 20 to 23 spines, length of fin base 29.1 to 33% of fork length; dorsal finlets usually 8; 14 to 17 rays in anal fin; anal finlets usually 7; pectoral fin rays 23 to 26, usually 24 on 25. Vertebrae 26 to 28 precaudal plus 23 to 27 caudal, total 50 to 55, more than in any other species of Sarda. Colour: dorsal stripes oblique, with a greater angle than in other species of Sarda.
- Fischer, ed. (1973, Species Identification Sheets, Mediterranean and Black Sea);
- Rodriguez-Roda J.(1981).
- Collette, (1978, Species Identification Sheets, Western Central Atlantic)
- Collette (1981, Species Identification Sheets, Eastern Central Atlantic );
- Demir, (1963, species synopsis);
- Yoshida, ( 1980, species synopsis)
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Caligus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Juveniles and adults are known to be cannibalistic, adults prey primarily on small schooling fishes, the choice of species depending on the locality.
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 20 - 23; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 18; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 14 - 17; Vertebrae: 50 - 55
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Tetrarhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Tentacularia Disease of Coryphaena. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Tentacularia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Scolex Infestation (Scolex pleuronectis). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Lacistorhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Grillotia erinaceus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Dinurus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Hexostoma pricei Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Hexostoma thynni Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Aponurus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Atalostrophion Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Unitubulotestes Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Mouth moderately large. Laminae of olfactory rosette 21-39. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body completely covered with very small scales posterior to the corselet. Swim bladder absent. Spleen large. Liver with elongate left and right lobe and short middle lobe. Oblique dorsal stripes with a greater angle than in other species of Sarda.
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Bucephalopsis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Hirudinella clavata Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Lecithochirum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Nematobothrium Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Opecoelides Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Rhipidocotyle Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Tormopsolus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Epipelagic, neritic and schooling species that may enter estuaries. Known to be cannibalistic, adults prey on small schooling fishes, invertebrates like squid and shrimps and can swallow relatively large prey. Eggs and larvae pelagic (Ref. 6769). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen (Ref. 9987). Able to adapt to different temperatures 12° to 27°C and salinities 14 to 39 (Ref. 36731).
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
Atlantic bonito
provided by wikipedia EN
Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda
The Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) is a large mackerel-like fish of the family Scombridae. It is common in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea, where it is an important commercial and game fish.
Description
Atlantic bonito belong to a group which have the dorsal fins very near, or separated by a narrow interspace. Its body is completely scaled, with those scales in the pectoral fin area and the lateral line usually larger in size. Bonitos (fishes in the genus Sarda) differ from tuna by their compressed bodies, their lack of teeth on the roof of the mouth, and certain differences in colouration.
Atlantic bonito share Atlantic waters with the striped bonito, Sarda orientalis (the Atlantic population of which is sometimes considered a separate species, Sarda velox). The striped bonito has been taken on the Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Cod. It is similar in its habits, but somewhat smaller than the more common Atlantic bonito. The Atlantic bonito can be distinguished from its relative by its dark oblique stripes on the back and with a maxillary only about half as long as the head, whereas the striped bonito has striping on its topside nearly horizontal and a maxillary more than half the length of the head.
Atlantic bonito grow up to 75 centimetres (30 in) and weigh 5–6 kilograms (11–13 lb) at this size. The world record, 18 pounds 4 ounces (8.3 kg), was caught in the Azores.[4]
Habits
It is a strong swimmer. Normally, it travels in fairly large schools and is common offshore in the vicinity of New York City, where it is known as "skipjack" because of its habit of jumping from the water. (However, the name "skipjack" more commonly refers to the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis.) The spawning season is June, and specimens 12–15 centimetres (4.7–5.9 in) long are taken in September off Long Island.
Diet
Atlantic bonito eat mackerel, menhaden, alewives, silversides, sand lances, and other fishes, as well as squid.
Fishing technique
Bonito are often captured by tuna fishermen when trolling for bigger game. Bonito have also been caught using pound nets, and amongst other species as bycatch during the traditional fishing practice of Almadraba in addition to the main catch, the far larger Atlantic bluefin tuna. Thought by most fishermen to be inferior to tuna as a food fish, possibly because of the greater oiliness, it is sometimes used as bait.
As food
Bonito is a popular food fish in the Mediterranean; its flesh is similar to tuna and mackerel, and its size is intermediate between the two.[5]
Bonito under 1 kg (2.2 lb) or so (called palamut ~ паламуд in Bulgarian) are often grilled as steaks. Larger bonito (torik in Turkish) are cut into steaks and preserved as lakerda.[5] Bonito is also canned, but canned bonito del norte (Spanish) is not bonito, but albacore tuna.
In Algeria and Spain, it is often prepared as escabeche, which preserves it for about a week.[5] Bonito may also be baked and served cold.[6]
References
-
^ Collette, B.; Amorim, A.; Boustany, A.; Carpenter, K.; Dooley, J.; Fox, W.; Fredou, F.; Fritzsche, R.; Graves, J.; Hazin, F.; Herdson, D.; Juan Jorda, M.J.; Leite, N.; Lessa, R.; Matsuura, K.; Minte-Vera, C.; Nelson, J.; Nelson, R.; Oxenford, H.; Travassos, P. (2011). "Sarda sarda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T155096A4703085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T155096A4703085.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
-
^ "Sarda sarda". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Sarda sarda" in FishBase. February 2018 version.
-
^ Brant, Ken (2005-05-02). "Atlantic Bonito". ESPN. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
-
^ a b c Alan Davidson, Mediterranean Seafood, Penguin, 1972. ISBN 0-14-046174-4, p. 123
-
^ "Palamut papaz yahnisi", Davidson, p. 359
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Atlantic bonito: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda
The Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) is a large mackerel-like fish of the family Scombridae. It is common in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea, where it is an important commercial and game fish.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Occurs in water temperatures between 12° to 27°C and salinities between 14 and 39 0/00 S. Often forms schools near the surface in inshore waters. Known to be cannibalistic, adults prey on small schooling fishes, invertebrates like squid and shrimps and can swallow relatively large prey. Utilized fresh, dried/salted, smoked, canned and frozen (Ref. 9987).
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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Diet
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Feeds on fishes and invertebrates including squids and shrimps, cannibalistic
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Distribution
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Nova Scotia to Florida and northern Gulf of Mexico
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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- WoRMS Editorial Board
Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Pelagic species, found at depths of 80- 200 m, may enter estuaries.
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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- cc-by-4.0
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- WoRMS Editorial Board
Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
nektonic
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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- WoRMS Editorial Board
Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Known from seamounts and knolls
Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.
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Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda 
