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Hawaii Spinecheek Gudgeon

Eleotris sandwicensis Vaillant & Sauvage 1875

Diagnostic Description

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Generally brown to black in color; pelvic fins separate rather than fused into a disc; young fish
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Crispina B. Binohlan
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Migration

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Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).
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Biology

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Found in both altered and unaltered streams, but being unable to climb waterfalls restricts its habitat to the lower reaches of streams and estuaries; can be observed darting into the mud and leaf litter, or sheltering among rocks and cobble, rarely showing in the open; highly predaceous on various invertebrates, e.g. slow-moving thiarid snails and asiatic clams, and fishes; traditionally caught with a baited hook attached to a short stick (fishing method called kiomo'omo); relished as a food item, particularly when wrapped with leaves and roasted; now prized as bait by near-shore papio fisherman (Ref. 44091).
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Importance

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fisheries: commercial; bait: usually
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Eleotris sandwicensis

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ʻoʻopu akupa (Eleotris sandwicensis) in its natural environment on Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi

[2]Eleotris sandwicensis, the Sandwich Island sleeper, Hawaiian sleeper or oopu, is a species of fish in the family Eleotridae endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, where it can be found in marine, fresh, and brackish waters around the coast. Due to this capability of migrating between different marine environments, they are amphidromous.[3] This fish can reach a length of 33 cm (13 in). It is locally important to commercial fisheries and is also used as bait by fishermen after larger fishes.[4] In the Hawaiian language, the fish is also known as oʻopu, ʻoau, ʻowau, and hiʻu kole.

The distribution of E. sandwicensis is limited as this species does not have the ability to travel upstream of steep waterfalls.[5] This is due to their lack of pelvic fins.[5]

References

  1. ^ NatureServe (2013). "Eleotris sandwicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T7134A3137134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T7134A3137134.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Maie, Takashi; Furtek, Steffanie; Schoenfuss, Heiko L.; Blob, Richard W. (February 2014). "Feeding performance of the Hawaiian sleeper, Eleotris sandwicensis (Gobioidei: Eleotridae): correlations between predatory functional modulation and selection pressures on prey: Feeding Performance of a Piscivorous Predator". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 111 (2): 359–374. doi:10.1111/bij.12214.
  3. ^ Sim, Tara (December 2006). "Reproductive Biology of Eleotris Sandwicensis, a Hawaiian Stream Gobioid Fish" (PDF).
  4. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Eleotris sandwicensis" in FishBase. April 2013 version.
  5. ^ a b Alda, F.; Gagne, R. B.; Walter, R. P.; Hogan, J. D.; Moody, K. N.; Zink, F.; McIntyre, P. B.; Gilliam, J. F.; Blum, M. J. (2016-07-21). "Colonization and demographic expansion of freshwater fauna across the Hawaiian archipelago". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 29 (10): 2054–2069. doi:10.1111/jeb.12929. ISSN 1010-061X. PMID 27369460. S2CID 31136761.

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Eleotris sandwicensis: Brief Summary

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ʻoʻopu akupa (Eleotris sandwicensis) in its natural environment on Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi

Eleotris sandwicensis, the Sandwich Island sleeper, Hawaiian sleeper or oopu, is a species of fish in the family Eleotridae endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, where it can be found in marine, fresh, and brackish waters around the coast. Due to this capability of migrating between different marine environments, they are amphidromous. This fish can reach a length of 33 cm (13 in). It is locally important to commercial fisheries and is also used as bait by fishermen after larger fishes. In the Hawaiian language, the fish is also known as oʻopu, ʻoau, ʻowau, and hiʻu kole.

The distribution of E. sandwicensis is limited as this species does not have the ability to travel upstream of steep waterfalls. This is due to their lack of pelvic fins.

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