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Associations

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The Gulf Flounder feeds on crustaceans and small fish (Schultz 2004).

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Behaviour

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Like other flatfish, the Gulf Flounder can change color dramatically to match the bottom (Schultz 2004).

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Comprehensive Description

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The Gulf Flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) is found from North Carolina to Texas (U.S.A.), including southern Florida and the Bahamas (Robins and Ray 1986). It is a left-eyed flounder (i.e., adults have both eyes on the left side).

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Distribution

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The Gulf Flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) is found from North Carolina to Texas (U.S.A.), including southern Florida and the Bahamas (Boschung et al. 1983; Robins and Ray 1986).

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Habitat

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The Gulf Flounder is found on mud in estuaries and coastal waters to a depth of 70 fathoms (Boschung et al. 1983).

In a study in a North Carolina estuary (Walsh et al. 1999), the authors found that in the spring Gulf Flounder were most abundant in seagrass beds along the marsh in the lower estuary; in summer, they were found only on sand substrate in the lower estuary; and in fall they were found along marsh edge with mud substrate. Gulf flounder were never collected in salinities below 32 parts per thousand.

Gulf Flounder are found in sand, coral rubble, and seagrass areas near shore.They often occur around tidal reefs and are occasionally found around nearshore rocky reefs. They typically occur at depths up to about 18 meters. (Schultz 2004)

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Morphology

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The Gulf Flounder has 3 dark-centered ocelli ("eye spots") that form a triangle, with 2 placed one above the other just behind the front curve of the lateral line and the 3rd toward the rear on the lateral line. The front dorsal fin rays are not elongate. (Robins and Ray 1986)

The Gulf Flounder is oval in shape, with a depth less than half the length, and both of its eyes on the left side. The eyed side of the body is light to dark brown, olive brown, or dark gray, with diffuse black, dark brown, or dusky spots and blotches disappearing with age. It has three small, distinct spots on its side, with 2 (one above the lateral line, the other below) just behind the pectoral fin and the 3rd posterior to the lateral line (these spots can become obscure on larger specimens). Numerous small white spots are scattered over the body and the tail is wedge-shaped, longest in the middle. There are 53 to 63 anal rays (fewer than the 63 to 73 characteristic of the Southern Flounder, P. lethostigma).The eyeless side of the body (which is normally flat on the sea bottom) is white or dusky (for a very rare exception see Hoff 1969). The maxilla (rear bone of the upper jaw) reaches past the pupil of the lower eye. The lateral line is strongly arched above the pectoral fin. (Boschung et al. 1983; Schultz 2004)

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Reproduction

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Gulf Flounder spawn in the winter offshore (Schultz 2004).

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Size

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The Gulf Flounder reaches a length of about 38 cm (Boschung et al. 1983; Robins and Ray 1986).

Gulf Flounder are typically 15 to 25 cm long and less than 1 kg, but may reach about 40 cm and the largest individual on record, caught in Florida, exceeded 2 kg (Schultz 2004).

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Uses

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The Gulf Flounder is an important food and game fish, although its relatively small size makes it less valuable than other flounders. It will take both live and artificial baits and is often caught at night in shallow water by spear. (Boschung et al 1983)

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Life Cycle

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Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Biology

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Occurs in bays, lagoons and shallow coastal waters (Ref. 7251). Inhabits mainly hard and sandy bottoms (Ref. 3275).
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus
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Gulf flounder

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The Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) is a species of saltwater flounder.

Description

The Gulf flounder is a flatfish that swims on its side. Their two eyes look upward when swimming. They have sharp teeth, two eyes on their left side, and a white side opposite. Paralichthys albigutta is widely distributed in the Gulf of Mexico and a portion of the western North Atlantic. Adults are found in a variety of habitats, but generally prefer hard, sandy bottoms; juveniles settle in high salinity seagrass beds. Longevity is 7–10 years and females reach maturity between 1–2 years. It is commercially and recreationally exploited. The center of abundance of Paralichthys albigutta in the Gulf of Mexico is along its northeastern coast.[3] West of the Mississippi River delta, it occurs in very low numbers.[4] It appears to naturally occur in low abundance in seagrass beds.[5] It is common in museum collections (660 lots). Many species of fishes, including P. albigutta, have experienced declines in abundance in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from 1970–2000; although Fodrie et al. (2010)[6] attributed this at least in part to the effects of global rises in sea temperature, there are also a number of other factors (e.g., bycatch in trawl fisheries, increased recreational landings: T. Munroe pers. comm. 2015) that may contribute to these declines. Gill netting has been implicated in the decline of flounder stocks in North Carolina due to targeting of non-reproductive juveniles; however, the population-level effects of this method of harvest on P. albigutta are unknown.[1]

Habitat

This demersal species occurs in shallow depths within estuaries and coastal environments; it is most commonly found on the continental shelf at depths of 18–92 m, but has been collected to about 130 m. It is found in a variety of habitats, including seagrass beds,[7] coastal lagoons, flat hard-bottom and limestone ledges.[8] It prefers hard, sandy bottoms. Juveniles utilize vegetation for habitat or are found adjacent to vegetation in estuaries.[9] Juveniles inhabit high salinity seagrass beds and older adults occur offshore in deeper depths. It undergoes ontogenetic shifts in dietary preference, feeding on amphipods and small crustaceans at small sizes, and feeding primarily on fishes as adults.[7] Adults spend most of the year in bays and estuaries, migrating into deeper offshore waters to spawn during fall and winter (peaking between late October-mid-December). Specimens with ripe gonads have been collected at depths of 20–40 m in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.[9] Larvae migrate inshore during January–February. The age at maturity for females is 1 year (FWRI 2010) with all mature by 2 years and size at 50% maturity is 35–38 cm TL. Males reach maturity between 30–35 cm TL. Females grow faster and larger than males. Longevity for males is 8–11 years and females is 7 years (Munroe 2002).[1]

Fishing

They are a common sport fish that can be readily caught with dead fish (such as mullet), live bait, or even artificial or frozen baits such as shrimp or clams. A common way of catching this flounder is by spearfishing or jigging. Commercial fishermen are permitted to take up to 50 lbs of flounder species as by-catch per trip. The Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission is currently conducting stock assessments for gulf and southern flounder populations in the Gulf of Mexico, which will inform the development of a fishery management plan.[1] This species is commercially and recreationally exploited as a foodfish. It is caught using trawl, gill net, gig, hook-and-line, and trammel net. As with P. lethostigma, this species is harvested using gill nets in estuaries.[10][1]

Depth

Gulf flounder appear to prefer the ocean floor and camouflage against areas to stealthily strike their prey. This demersal species occurs in shallow depths within estuaries and coastal environments; it is most commonly found on the continental shelf at depths of 18–92 m, but has been collected to about 130 m.[1]

Threats

This is a commercially and recreationally important species, particularly in Florida. It is also taken as by-catch in commercial trawl fisheries, particularly the penaeid shrimp fishery.[9] Seagrass beds have experienced historical declines off Florida, especially in Florida Bay.[11] The large seagrass die-off in Florida Bay between 1987-1995 was likely caused by salinity stress, turbidity, and algal blooms.[12][13] Over that decade, the standing crop of Thalassia testudinum declined by 28%, Halodule wrightii by 92%, and Syringodium filiforme by 88%.[13] Since then, the decline has slowed, but die-off continues to occur. Between 1995-2003, turtle and shoal grass abundance increased with improved water clarity and has remained generally stable.[14] Tampa Bay and Sarasota Bay also experienced significant seagrass declines in the 1980s, but has since recovered following the improvement of waste water management.[15] It has been recorded in the diet of the invasive lionfish,[16] which occurs throughout the entire depth range of P. albigutta.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Munroe, T. (2015). "Paralichthys albigutta". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T190358A16510817. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190358A16510817.en. Downloaded on 20 March 2018.
  2. ^ Nicolas Bailly (2011). Bailly N (ed.). "Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert, 1882". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  3. ^ Topp, R.W.; Hoff, Jr., F.H. (1972). "Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes)". Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises (Report). Vol. 4, Part 2. St. Petersburg: Florida Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  4. ^ Matlock, G.C., 1982. By-catch of Southern Flounder and Gulf Flounder by commercial shrimp trawlers in Texas Bays. Management Data Series No. 31. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
  5. ^ Crawford, C.R, Steele, P., McMillen-Jackson, A.L. and Bert, T.M. 2011. Effectiveness of bycatch-reduction devices in roller-frame trawls used in the Florida shrimp fishery. Fisheries Research 108: 248–257.
  6. ^ Fodrie, J.F., Heck, K.L., Powers, S.P, Graham, W.M., Robinson, K.L. 2010. Climate-related, decadal-scale assemblage changes of seagrass-associated fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Global Change Biology 16(1): 48–59.
  7. ^ a b Gloeckner, D.R., Luczkovich, J.J. 2009. Experimental assessment of trophic impacts from a network model of a seagrass ecosystem: Direct and indirect effects of Gulf Flounder, Spot and Pinfish on benthic polychaetes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357: 109–120.
  8. ^ Kendall, M.S., Bauer, L.J.,.; Jeffrey, C.F.G. 2009. Influence of hard bottom morphology on fish assemblages of the continental shelf off Georgia, southeastern USA . Bulletin of Marine Science 84(3): 265-286.
  9. ^ a b c Murphy, M.D., Muller, R.G., McLaughlin, B. 1994. A stock assessment of Southern Flounder and Gulf Flounder. Florida Marine Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida.
  10. ^ Thorpe, T., Beresoff, D. and Cannady, K. 2001. Gillnet bycatch potential, discard mortality, and condition of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in southeastern North Carolina. Final Report: North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission. Fishery Resource Grant Program: 00-FEG-14.
  11. ^ Robblee, M. B., T. R. Barber, P. R. Carlson, M. J. Durako, J. W. Fourqurean, L. K. Muehlstein, D. Porter, L. A. Yarbro, R. T. Zieman, and J. C. Zieman. 1991. Mass Mortality of the Tropical Seagrass Thalassia-Testudinum in Florida Bay (USA). Marine Ecology Progress Series 71(3): 297-99.
  12. ^ Zieman, J. C., Fourqurean, J. W., & Frankovich, T. A. 1999. Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay: Long-term trends in abundance and growth of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum. Estuaries 22(2): 460-470.
  13. ^ a b Hall, M.O., Durako, M.J., Fourqurean, J.W. and Zieman, J.C. 1999. Decadal changes in seagrass distribution and abundance in Florida Bay. Estuaries 22(2B): 445-459.
  14. ^ Hall, M.O, Madley, K., Durako, M.J., Zieman, J.C., and Robblee, M.B. 2007. Florida Bay. In: Handley, L., Altsman, D., and DeMay, R. (eds), Seagrass Status and Trends in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: 1940-2002 U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report . U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Reston, VA.
  15. ^ Tomasko, D. A., Corbett, C. A., Greening, H. S., & Raulerson, G. E. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(8): 797-805.
  16. ^ Dahl, K.A. and Patterson III, W.F. 2014. Habitat-Specific Density and Diet of Rapidly Expanding Invasive Red Lionfish, Pterois volitans, Populations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. PLOS ONE 9(8): e105852.

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Gulf flounder: Brief Summary

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The Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) is a species of saltwater flounder.

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Paralichthys albiguttata ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La platija del Golfo (Paralichthys albiguttata) es una especie de platija de agua salada.

Descripción

La platija del Golfo es un pez plano que nada de costado. Sus dos ojos miran hacia arriba cuando nadan. Tienen dientes afilados, dos ojos en un lado y un lado blanco. Paralichthys albigutta se distribuye ampliamente en el Atlántico norte occidental. Los adultos se encuentran en una variedad de hábitats, pero generalmente prefieren fondos arenosos duros; los juveniles se asientan en lechos de pastos marinos de alta salinidad. La longevidad es de 7 a 10 años y las hembras alcanzan la madurez entre 1 y 2 años. Se explota comercial y recreativamente. El centro de abundancia de Paralichthys albigutta en el Golfo de México se encuentra a lo largo de la costa noreste de Florida.[1]​ Al oeste del delta del río Mississippi, ocurre en cantidades muy bajas.[2]​ Parece ocurrir naturalmente en escasa abundancia en los lechos de pastos marinos.[3]​ Es común en las colecciones de los museos (660 lotes). Muchas especies de peces, incluida P. albigutta , han experimentado disminuciones en abundancia en el norte del Golfo de México desde 1970-2000; aunque Fodrie et al. (2010),[4]​ (Esto debe ser cuestionado, ya que en la costa occidental de Louisiana, la platija no ha sido tan abundante en 50 años, a partir de 2018), atribuyó esto al menos en parte a los efectos del aumento global de la temperatura del mar, también hay una serie de de otros factores (p. ej., captura incidental en las pesquerías de arrastre, aumento de los desembarques recreativos: T. Munroe, com. pers. 2015) que pueden contribuir a estas disminuciones. La pesca con redes de enmalle se ha visto implicada en la disminución de las poblaciones de platija en Carolina del Norte debido a la selección de juveniles no reproductivos; sin embargo, se desconocen los efectos a nivel de población de este método de recolección en P. albigutta.[5]

Habitat

Esta especie demersal se encuentra a poca profundidad dentro de los estuarios y ambientes costeros; se encuentra más comúnmente en la plataforma continental a profundidades de 18 a 92 m, pero se ha recolectado a unos 130 m. Se encuentra en una variedad de hábitats, incluidos lechos de pastos marinos,[6]​ lagunas costeras, fondos planos y duros y salientes de piedra caliza.[7]​ Prefiere fondos arenosos duros. Los juveniles utilizan la vegetación como hábitat o se encuentran adyacentes a la vegetación en los estuarios.[8]​ Los juveniles habitan en lechos de pastos marinos de alta salinidad y los adultos mayores se encuentran en alta mar en profundidades más profundas. Sufre cambios ontogenéticos en la preferencia dietética, se alimenta de anfípodos y pequeños crustáceos en tamaños pequeños, y se alimenta principalmente de peces en la edad adulta.[6]​ Los adultos pasan la mayor parte del año en bahías y estuarios, migrando a aguas más profundas de la costa para desovar durante el otoño y el invierno (alcanzando su punto máximo entre finales de octubre y mediados de diciembre). Se han recolectado especímenes con gónadas maduras a profundidades de 20 a 40 m en el este del Golfo de México.[8]​ Las larvas migran hacia la costa durante enero-febrero. La edad de madurez de las hembras es de 1 año (FWRI 2010), todas maduran a los 2 años y el tamaño al 50% de madurez es de 35 a 38 cm LT. Los machos alcanzan la madurez entre 30 y 35 cm LT. Las hembras crecen más rápido y son más grandes que los machos. La longevidad de los machos es de 8 a 11 años y de las hembras de 7 años (Munroe, 2002).[5]

Pesca

Es un pez deportivo común que se puede capturar fácilmente con peces muertos (como el salmonete), cebos vivos o incluso cebos artificiales o congelados como camarones o almejas . Una forma común de atrapar esta platija es mediante la pesca submarina o el jigging. El límite diario de bolsa recreativa para esta especie es de 10 y el tamaño mínimo es de 12 pulgadas (establecido en 1996). A los pescadores comerciales se les permite capturar hasta 50 libras de especies de platija como captura secundaria por viaje. La Comisión de Pesca Marina de los Estados del Golfo está llevando a cabo evaluaciones de stock para las poblaciones de platija del golfo y del sur en el Golfo de México, lo que informará el desarrollo de un plan de gestión pesquera.[5]​ Esta especie se explota comercial y recreativamente como pez alimento. Se captura con redes de arrastre, redes de enmalle, corrales, anzuelos y redes de trasmallo. Al igual que P. lethostigma, esta especie se recolecta con redes de enmalle en los estuarios.[5][9]

Profundidad

La platija del golfo parece preferir el fondo del océano y camuflarse contra áreas para atacar sigilosamente a sus presas. Esta especie demersal se encuentra a poca profundidad dentro de los estuarios y ambientes costeros; se encuentra más comúnmente en la plataforma continental a profundidades de 18 a 92 m, pero se ha recolectado a unos 130 m.[5]

Amenazas

Esta es una especie de importancia comercial y recreativa, particularmente en Florida. También se captura como captura secundaria en las pesquerías de arrastre comerciales, en particular en la pesquería de camarones peneidos.[8]​ Los lechos de pastos marinos han experimentado disminuciones históricas frente a Florida, especialmente en la Bahía de Florida.[10]​ La gran extinción de pastos marinos en la Bahía de Florida entre 1987-1995 probablemente fue causada por estrés salino, turbidez y floración de algas.[11][12]​ Durante esa década, la cosecha en pie de Thalassia testudinum disminuyó en un 28%, Halodule wrightii en un 92% y Syringodium filiforme en un 88%.[12]​ Desde entonces, el declive se ha ralentizado, pero continúa la extinción. Entre 1995 y 2003, la abundancia de pastos para tortugas y bajíos aumentó con una mayor claridad del agua y se ha mantenido estable en general.[13]​ La bahía de Tampa y la bahía de Sarasota también experimentaron una disminución significativa de los pastos marinos en la década de 1980, pero desde entonces se han recuperado tras la mejora de la gestión de las aguas residuales.[14]​ Se ha registrado en la dieta del pez león invasor,[15]​ que se encuentra en todo el rango de profundidad de P. albigutta.[5]

Referencias

  1. Topp, R.W., Hoff, F.H. Jr., 1972. Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) . Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises, pp. 135. Departamento de Florida de Recursos Naturales, San Petersburgo.
  2. Matlock, G.C., 1982. By-catch of Southern Flounder and Gulf Flounder by commercial shrimp trawlers in Texas Bays. Management Data Series No. 31. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
  3. Crawford, C.R, Steele, P., McMillen-Jackson, A.L. and Bert, T.M. 2011. Effectiveness of bycatch-reduction devices in roller-frame trawls used in the Florida shrimp fishery. Fisheries Research 108: 248–257.
  4. Fodrie, J.F., Heck, K.L., Powers, S.P, Graham, W.M., Robinson, K.L. 2010. Climate-related, decadal-scale assemblage changes of seagrass-associated fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Global Change Biology 16(1): 48–59.
  5. a b c d e f Service/NOAA (USA)), Thomas Munroe (National Marine Fisheries (29 de enero de 2013). «IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Paralichthys albigutta». IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-4.rlts.t190358a16510817.en. Consultado el 22 de octubre de 2021.
  6. a b Gloeckner, D.R., Luczkovich, J.J. 2009. Experimental assessment of trophic impacts from a network model of a seagrass ecosystem: Direct and indirect effects of Gulf Flounder, Spot and Pinfish on benthic polychaetes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357: 109–120.
  7. Kendall, M.S., Bauer, L.J.,.; Jeffrey, C.F.G. 2009. Influence of hard bottom morphology on fish assemblages of the continental shelf off Georgia, southeastern USA . Bulletin of Marine Science 84(3): 265-286.
  8. a b c Murphy, M.D., Muller, R.G., McLaughlin, B. 1994. A stock assessment of Southern Flounder and Gulf Flounder. Florida Marine Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida.
  9. Thorpe, T., Beresoff, D. and Cannady, K. 2001. Gillnet bycatch potential, discard mortality, and condition of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in southeastern North Carolina. Final Report: North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission. Fishery Resource Grant Program: 00-FEG-14.
  10. Robblee, M. B., T. R. Barber, P. R. Carlson, M. J. Durako, J. W. Fourqurean, L. K. Muehlstein, D. Porter, L. A. Yarbro, R. T. Zieman, and J. C. Zieman. 1991. Mass Mortality of the Tropical Seagrass Thalassia-Testudinum in Florida Bay (USA). Marine Ecology Progress Series 71(3): 297-99.
  11. Zieman, J. C., Fourqurean, J. W., & Frankovich, T. A. 1999. Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay: Long-term trends in abundance and growth of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum. Estuaries 22(2): 460-470.
  12. a b Hall, M.O., Durako, M.J., Fourqurean, J.W. and Zieman, J.C. 1999. Decadal changes in seagrass distribution and abundance in Florida Bay. Estuaries 22(2B): 445-459.
  13. Hall, M.O, Madley, K., Durako, M.J., Zieman, J.C., and Robblee, M.B. 2007. Florida Bay. In: Handley, L., Altsman, D., and DeMay, R. (eds), Seagrass Status and Trends in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: 1940-2002 U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report . U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Reston, VA.
  14. Tomasko, D. A., Corbett, C. A., Greening, H. S., & Raulerson, G. E. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(8): 797-805.
  15. Dahl, K.A. and Patterson III, W.F. 2014. Habitat-Specific Density and Diet of Rapidly Expanding Invasive Red Lionfish, Pterois volitans, Populations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. PLOS ONE 9(8): e105852.

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Paralichthys albiguttata: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La platija del Golfo (Paralichthys albiguttata) es una especie de platija de agua salada.

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Paralichthys albigutta ( Basque )

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Paralichthys albigutta Paralichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Paralichthyidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Paralichthys albigutta FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Paralichthys albigutta: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Paralichthys albigutta Paralichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Paralichthyidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Paralichthys albigutta ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

Paralichthys albigutta is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van schijnbotten (Paralichthyidae), orde platvissen (Pleuronectiformes), die voorkomt in het noordwesten en het westen van de Atlantische Oceaan. De vis kan maximaal 71 centimeter lang en 2830 gram zwaar worden. Paralichthys albigutta is een zoutwatervis die voorkomt in subtropische wateren op een diepte van 19 tot 130 meter. Hij is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. De soort staat niet op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Paralichthys albigutta: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Paralichthys albigutta is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van schijnbotten (Paralichthyidae), orde platvissen (Pleuronectiformes), die voorkomt in het noordwesten en het westen van de Atlantische Oceaan. De vis kan maximaal 71 centimeter lang en 2830 gram zwaar worden. Paralichthys albigutta is een zoutwatervis die voorkomt in subtropische wateren op een diepte van 19 tot 130 meter. Hij is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. De soort staat niet op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.

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白點牙鮃 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Paralichthys albigutta
Jordan & Gilbert, 1882

白點牙鮃輻鰭魚綱鰈形目鰈亞目牙鮃科的其中一,為亞熱帶海水魚,分布於西大西洋區,從美國北卡羅萊那州哥倫比亞海域,棲息深度19-130公尺,體長可達71公分,棲息在沿岸底層水域、海灣、潟湖,其生活習性不明,可作為食用魚。

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白點牙鮃: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

白點牙鮃為輻鰭魚綱鰈形目鰈亞目牙鮃科的其中一,為亞熱帶海水魚,分布於西大西洋區,從美國北卡羅萊那州哥倫比亞海域,棲息深度19-130公尺,體長可達71公分,棲息在沿岸底層水域、海灣、潟湖,其生活習性不明,可作為食用魚。

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Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
N.C. to Texas, including s. Fla. And Bahamas

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
benthic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]