Malacocephalus laevis és una espècie de peix de la família dels macrúrids i de l'ordre dels gadiformes.
Morfologia
Depredadors
A Sud-àfrica és depredat per Merluccius capensis.[7][8][9]
Hàbitat
És un peix d'aigües profundes que viu entre 200-1000 m de fondària,[10] tot i que, normalment, ho fa entre 300-750.[11][5]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba des de l'Estret de Florida fins al Brasil, el Golf de Mèxic i el Carib, i des d'Islàndia[12] i les Illes Fèroe fins a Sud-àfrica. També és present a la Mar d'Aràbia, la Badia de Bengala, les Maldives, la costa de l'Àfrica Oriental, Indonèsia i Austràlia.[5][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
Interès comercial
En el passat, els pescadors de l'Atlàntic Nord empraven l'excreció luminescent del seu òrgan lluminós ventral per a millorar els esquers utilitzats per a la pesca del bacallà. Avui dia, només és capturat per fabricar oli i farina de peix.[34]
Referències
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↑ uBio (anglès)
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↑ Günther A. 1862. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the collection of the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 4. i-xxi + 1-534.
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↑ BioLib (castellà)
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↑ «Malacocephalus laevis». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
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↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 FishBase (anglès)
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↑ Iwamoto, T., 1986. Macrouridae. p. 330-341. A M.M. Smith i P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín.
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↑ FishBase (anglès)
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↑ Meyer, M. i M.J. Smale, 1991. Predation patterns of demersal teleosts from the Cape south and west coasts of South Africa. 2. Benthic and epibenthic predators. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci. 11:409-442.
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↑ Punt, A.E. i R.W. Leslie, 1995. The effects of future consumption by the cape fur seal on catches and cath rates of the cape hakes. 1. Feeding and diet of the cape hakes Merluccius capensis and Merluccius paradoxus. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 16:37-55.
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↑ Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto i N. Scialabba 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 10 (125). 442 p.
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↑ Geistdoerfer, P. 1990. Macrouridae. p. 541-563. A J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post i L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisboa; SEI, París; i UNESCO, París. Vol. 2.
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↑ Jonsson, G., 1992. Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, Islàndia. 568 pp.
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↑ Bianchi, G., 1986. Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para propósitos comerciais. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Angola. Preparado com o apoio da NORAD e da FAO (FIRM) Programa Regular, FAO, Roma. 184 p.
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↑ Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer i H.J. Boyer, 1993. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Roma, Itàlia. 250 p.
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↑ Borges, T.C., S. Olim i K. Erzini, 2003. Weight-length relationship for fish species discarded in commercial fisheries of the Algarve (southern Portugal). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 19(6):394-396.
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↑ Cohen, D.M., A.W. Ebeling, T. Iwamoto, S.B. McDowell, N.B. Marshall, D.E. Rosen, P. Sonoda, W.H. Weed III i L.P. Woods, 1973. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part six. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ.
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↑ Fock, H., F. Uiblein, F. Köster i H. von Westernhagen, 2002. Biodiversity and species-environment relationships of the demersal fish assemblage at the Great Meteor Seamount (subtropical NE Atlantic), sampled by different trawls. Mar. Biol. 141:185-199.
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↑ Gordon, J.D.M., N.R. Merrett, O.A. Bergstad i S.C. Swan, 1996. A comparison of the deep-water demersal fish assemblages of the rockall trough and procupine seabight, eastern north Atlantic: continental slope to rise. J. Fish Biol. 49(Suppl. A):217-238.
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↑ Haedrich, R.L. i N.R. Merrett, 1988. Summary atlas of deep-living demersal fishes in the North Atlantic Basin. J. Nat. Hist. 22:1325-1362.
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↑ Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
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↑ Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p.
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↑ Lorance, P., P.A. Large, O.A. Bergstad i J.D.M. Gordon, 2008. Grenadiers of the Northeast Atlantic - Distribution, Biology, Fisheries, and Their Impacts, and Developments in Stock Assessment and Management. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 63:365-397.
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↑ Macpherson, E., 1989. Influence of geographical distribution, body size and diet on population density of benthic fishes off Namibia (South West Africa) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 50:295-299.
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↑ Mauchline, J. i J.D.M. Gordon, 1984. Diets and bathymetric distributions of the macrourid fish of the Rockall Trough, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol. 81:107-121.
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↑ Parin, N.V., A.N. Mironov i K.N. Nesis, 1997. Biology of the Nazca and Sala-y-Gómez submarine ridges, an outpost of the Indo-West Pacific fauna in the Eastern Pacific ocean: composition and distribution of the fauna, its community and history. Adv. Mar. Biol. 32:145-242.
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↑ Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts i P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series Núm. 19. xiv+279 p.
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↑ Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen i J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p.
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↑ Randall, J.E. i K.K.P. Lim (eds.), 2000. A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667.
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↑ Reiner, F., 1996. Catálogo dos peixes do Arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publicações avulsas do IPIMAR Núm. 2. 339 p.
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↑ Sazonov, Y.I. i T. Iwamoto, 1992. Grenadiers (Pisces, Gadiformes) of the Nazca and Sala y Gómez ridges, southeastern Pacific. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 48(2):27-95.
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↑ Shen, S.C. (ed.), 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.
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↑ Swaby, S.E. i G.W. Potts, 1990. Rare British marine fishes - identification and conservation. J. Fish Biol. 37 (Suppl. A):133-143.
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↑ Went, A.E.J., 1957. List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublín. 31 p.
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↑ Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto i N. Scialabba 1990.
Bibliografia
- Chiou, M.-L., K.-T. Shao i T. Iwamoto, 2004. A new species, Caelorinchus sheni, and 19 new records of grenadiers (Pisces: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) from Taiwan. Zool. Stud. 43(1):35-50.
- Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Froese, R. i A. Sampang, 2004. Taxonomy and biology of seamount fishes. p. 25-31. A T. Morato i D. Pauly (eds.), Seamounts: biodiversity and fisheries. Fish. Centre Res. Rep. 12(5), 78p.
- Geistdoerfer, P. 1986. Macrouridae. p. 644-676. A P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen i E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, París. Vol. 2.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997. ISBN 1405124946.
- Iwamoto, T. 1999. Order: Gadiformes. Macrouridae (sometimes Coryphaenoididae, Bathygadidae, Macrourididae, Trachyrincidae, in part, in literature). p. 1986-1992. A K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Roma.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000. ISBN 0130112828.
- Nelson, J.S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p. ISBN 0471250317.
- Shcherbachev, Y.N., 1987. Preliminary list of thalassobathyal fishes of the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian Ocean. J. Ichthyol. 27(2):37-46.
- Weitkamp, D.E. i R.D. Sullivan, 1939. Fishes. The John Murray Expedition 1933-1934. Sci. Reports, John Murray Exped., 25 Nov., v. 7 (núm. 1): 1-116.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985. ISBN 0356107159.
