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Trophic Strategy

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Endemic in the Mediterranean (mainly western basin) and Atlantic.
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Susan M. Luna
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 14; Analsoft rays: 17 - 19
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Life Cycle

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Spawns both north and south of the Polar Fronts in the eastern North Atlantic. Reported to perish after spawning (Ref. 9707).
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Diagnostic Description

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Males with single black-bordered supracaudal gland; females with two infra-caudal luminous patches; occasional specimens with both. Luminous organs in the anal area, 5-6 anteriorly and 5-7 posteriorly, 11-13 total.
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Biology

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High-oceanic, mesopelagic at depths between 375-800 m during daytime and 12-200 m during night. Depth range from 0-850 m (Ref. 4479) and from 541-1085 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Photophores present. Feeds mainly on calanoid copepods, also euphausiids and copepodites. Feeding occurs at night in Norwegian fjords (Ref. 9209) and in northwest Africa (Ref. 9194). Mature from about 3 cm onward. Spawning peaks in the Mediterranean in late spring with east-to-west progression. Female produces 160-2,000 eggs depending on her size (Ref. 35388).
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Importance

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fisheries: of potential interest
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Comprehensive Description

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Benthosema glaciale

This subarctic-temperate species (Backus et al., 1977) is thought to be the most abundant member of the family north of about 37°N in the Atlantic Ocean (Bolin, 1959; Halliday, 1970; Nafpaktitis et al., 1977). It attains a moderately large size near Bermuda; maximum length in the Ocean Acre collections is 60 mm. Maximum size and, presumably, life span increase with latitude; B. glaciale grows to 68 mm off Nova Scotia, to 84 mm off Greenland (Halliday, 1970), and to 103 mm off Norway (Gjosaeter, 1973). The species is uncommon in the study area; 97 specimens were collected during the program, about half of these during the paired seasonal cruises. Discrete-depth captures numbered 35, of which 28 were from noncrepuscular times.

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES.—Juveniles were 20–36 mm, subadults 33–60 mm, and adult males 48–60 mm SL. All but two fish could be sexed; one was the smallest specimen, the other was badly damaged. There were 48 females and 47 males. External sexual dimorphism was evident in fish 25–30 mm, with males having supracaudal and females infracaudal luminous tissue.

REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE.—Based upon the low abundance and peculiar vertical distribution of B. glaciale in the northern Sargasso Sea, Jahn (1976) concluded that the species was an expatriate and did not reproduce successfully in that region. The Ocean Acre collections, which contain no adult females, or juveniles at the transformation size, or postlarvae, seem to support Jahn's conclusion.

Fish 20–30 mm were caught in small numbers in March, April, and June and were most numerous in April (cruise 6). According to Halliday (1970), fish of this size found off Nova Scotia were about six months old. Assuming that the Ocean Acre population had a similar growth rate, one would expect to catch fish about 11–12 mm (the size at transformation (Taaning, 1918; Halliday, 1970) in fall or winter if they were spawned in the study area. Few fish of any size were taken those seasons. The entire catch from October to March consisted of 15 specimens 36–56 mm SL.

Abundance was at its yearly low in winter (Table 24). The entire catch was three specimens. Abundance increased to its maximum by late spring when subadults were dominant; juveniles and adult males were about equal in number but less abundant. The catch was mostly of fish larger than 40 mm, which, according to Halliday (1970), would be one to three years old. By late summer, abundance had decreased to an intermediate level and, as in late spring, the catch was mostly larger than 40 mm.

The conspicuous absence of 10–12 mm juveniles and the predominance of specimens larger than 40 mm in the collections suggest that all fish were at least six-months old and most were more than a year old before they reached the study area (Halliday, 1970). Otoliths from three fish (40, 53, and 56 mm) had two, three, and three transparent rings, respectively, indicating that they were two and three years old (Halliday, 1970).

VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION.—Although B. glaciale is known to migrate from day depths of 250–800 m into the upper 200 m at night off Nova Scotia (Halliday, 1970) and in the Mediterranean Sea (Goodyear et al., 1972), near Bermuda the species was taken only deeper than 750 m day and night at all seasons (Table 25). The maximum depth of occurrence is uncertain because of poor samples below 1000 m (Table 2); the deepest catch by day was at 1001–1050 m and by night at 1201–1250 m (Table 25). Maximum abundance was at 951–1000 m by day and 851–900 m by night (Table 25).

Most positive samples (including open net and oblique IKMT tows) caught one fish, a few caught 2 to 4, and one caught 13, indicating a patchy distribution.
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bibliographic citation
Gibbs, Robert H., Jr. and Krueger, William H. 1987. "Biology of midwater fishes of the Bermuda Ocean Acre." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-187. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.452

Fanalet glacial ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El fanalet glacial (Benthosema glaciale) és una espècie de peix de la família dels mictòfids i de l'ordre dels mictofiformes.

Morfologia

Reproducció

  • És sexualment madur a partir dels 3 cm de llargària i la femella produeix entre 160-2.000 ous segons la seua mida.[6]

Depredadors

És depredat per Scomber scombrus, Thunnus alalunga[7] i Fratercula arctica.[8][9]

Hàbitat

És un peix marí i d'aigües profundes que viu entre 0-1.407 m de fondària.[4][10]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a l'Atlàntic oriental (des de Noruega[11] i Groenlàndia fins al Marroc, Mauritània i Guinea), l'Atlàntic occidental (Canadà[12] i des de la badia de Baffin fins a l'extrem septentrional del Corrent del Golf) i la Mediterrània.[13][14][15][16][17][4][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]

Referències

  1. Goode, G. B. & T. H. Bean, 1896. Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Spec. Bull. U. S. Natl. Museum Núm. 2: Text: i-xxxv + 1-26 + 1-553, Atlas: i-xxiii, 1-26, 123 pls.
  2. «Benthosema glaciale». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
  3. Reinhardt, J. C. H., 1837. Ichthyologiske bidrag til den Grönlandske fauna (Ichthyological contributions to the fauna of Greenland). Indledning, indeholdende tillaeg og forandringer i den fabriciske fortegnelse paa Grönlandske hvirveldyr. Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger v. 7: 83-196, Pls. 1-8.
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 FishBase (anglès)
  5. Hulley, P.A., 1990. Myctophidae. p. 398-467. A J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post i L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisboa; SEI; París; i UNESCO, París. Vol. 1.
  6. Muus, B.J. i J.G. Nielsen, 1999. Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Dinamarca. 340 p.
  7. Pusineri, C., Y. Vasseur, S. Hassani, L. Meynier, J. Spitz i V. Ridoux, 2005. Food and feeding ecology of juvenile albacore, Thunnus alalunga, off the Bay of Biscay: a case study. ICES J. Mar. Sci 62:116-122.
  8. Falk, K., J. Jensen i K. Kamp, 1992. Winter diet of Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) in the northeast Atlantic. Colonial-Waterbirds, 15(2):230-235.
  9. FishBase (anglès)
  10. Coad, B.W. i J.D. Reist, 2004. Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p.
  11. Gjösaeter, J., 1973. The food of the myctophid fish, Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt), from western Norway. Sarsia 52:53-58.
  12. Scott, W.B. i M.G. Scott, 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219: 731 p.
  13. Somarakis, S., P. Drakopoulos i V. Filippou, 2002. Distribution and abundance of larval fish in the Northern Aegean Sea - eastern Mediterranean - in relation to early summer oceanographic conditions Journal of Plankton Research 24(4):339-357.
  14. Quignard, J.-P. i J.A. Tomasini, 2000. Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66.
  15. Mytilineou, C., C.-Y. Politou, C. Papaconstantinou, S. Kavadas, G. D'Onghia i L. Sion, 2005. Deep-water fish fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Belg. J. Zool., 135(2): 229-233.
  16. Mercader L., D. Lloris i J. Rucabado, 2003. Tots els peixos del Mar Català. Diagnosi i claus d'identificació. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Barcelona. 350p.
  17. Lanfranco, G.G., 1993. The fish around Malta. Progress Press Co., Ltd., Malta.
  18. Andriyashev, A.P. i N.V. Chernova, 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123.
  19. Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. A W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot i M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Roma, Itàlia.
  20. Boltachev, A.R., 1987. Species structure of Myctophidae communities from some Atlantic regions. J. Ichthyol. 27(5):51-59.
  21. Borkin, I.V. i M.S. Shevelev, 1980. The northern lanternfish, Benthosema glaciale (Myctophidae), off Novaya Zemlya. J. Ichthyol. 20(2):129-134.
  22. Craig, P.C., 1984. Fish use of coastal waters of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: a review. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 113(3):265-282.
  23. Gjøsaeter, J., 1981. Growth, production and reproduction of myctophid fish Benthosema glaciale from western Norway and adjacent seas. Fiskdir. Skr. Ser. Havunders. 17(3):79-108.
  24. Halliday, R., 1970. Growth and vertical distribution of the glacier lanternfish, Benthosema glaciale, in the Northwestern Atlantic. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27:105-116.
  25. Jonsson, G., 1992. Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, Islàndia. 568 pp.
  26. Quast, J.C. i E.L. Hall, 1972. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p.
  27. Santos, R.S., F.M. Porteiro i J.P. Barreiros, 1997. Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores. Supplement 1. 244 p.
  28. Wilimovsky, N.J., 1954. List of the fishes of Alaska. Stanford Ichthyol. Bull. 4(5): 279-294.


Bibliografia

  • Anònim, 2000. Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
  • Anònim, 2000. Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Alemanya.
  • Anònim, 2001. Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anònim, 2002. Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Gjøsaeter, J., 1973. The food of the myctophid fish, Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt), from western Norway. Sarsia 52:53-58.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Hulley, P.A., 1984. Myctophidae. p. 429-483. A P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen i E. Tortonese (eds.). Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, París, França. Vol. 1.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
  • Paxton, J.R., 1979. Nominal genera and species of lanternfishes (Family Myctophidae). Contrib. Sci. Natur. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County, 322:1-28.
  • Paxton, J.R. i P.A. Hulley, 1999. Myctophidae. Lanternfishes. p. 1957-1964. A K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Roma, Itàlia.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.


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Fanalet glacial: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El fanalet glacial (Benthosema glaciale) és una espècie de peix de la família dels mictòfids i de l'ordre dels mictofiformes.

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Eislaternenfisch ( German )

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Der Eislaternenfisch (Benthosema glaciale) ist ein kleiner, ozeanisch lebender Tiefseefisch, der im nördlichen Atlantik zwischen 11° und 87° nördlicher Breite vorkommt.

Verbreitung

Sein Verbreitungsgebiet reicht im östlichen Atlantik von Spitzbergen und der Küste Grönlands bis an die Küste Marokkos und Mauretaniens, wo nährstoffreiche Tiefenwasser aufsteigen. Im westlichen Atlantik findet man ihn vom nördlichen Teil des Golfstroms bis in die Davisstraße und die Baffin Bay. Außerdem kommt er im westlichen und zentralen Mittelmeer bis zum Ionischen Meer vor. Er ist der häufigste Laternenfisch des Nordatlantiks und auch im westlichen Mittelmeer häufig.

Merkmale

Die Fische werden etwa 10 Zentimeter lang. Ihre Körperfarbe ist dunkelbraun bis schwärzlich. Das Hinterende des Oberkiefers ist breit. Wie alle Laternenfische besitzt der Eislaternenfisch Leuchtorgane in Reihen entlang der unteren Körperhälfte und auf dem Kopf. Die letzten beiden Leuchtorgane unten vor der Schwanzflosse sind von den übrigen Leuchtorganen entlang der Bauchkante nicht abgesetzt. Die Schwanzflosse ist gegabelt, hinter der Rückenflosse befindet sich eine kleine Fettflosse.

Flossenformel: Dorsale 13–14, Anale 17–19.

Lebensweise

Der Eislaternenfisch lebt tagsüber in Tiefen von etwa 375 bis 1400 Metern (meist zwischen 300 und 400 Meter), steigt in der Nacht zur Nahrungssuche aber in Tiefen zwischen 12 und 200 Metern auf (Vertikalwanderung). Er ernährt sich vor allem von Ruderfußkrebsen der Ordnung Calanoida und kleinem Krill. Die Geschlechtsreife erreichen die Fische mit einer Länge von drei bis fünf Zentimetern. Im Mittelmeer laicht der Eislaternenfisch im späten Frühling. Je nach Körpergröße legen die Weibchen 160 bis 2000 Eier. Der Eislaternenfisch wird maximal acht Jahre alt.

Literatur

  • Bent J. Muus, Jørgen G. Nielsen: Die Meeresfische Europas in Nordsee, Ostsee und Atlantik. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07804-3.

Weblinks

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Eislaternenfisch: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Eislaternenfisch (Benthosema glaciale) ist ein kleiner, ozeanisch lebender Tiefseefisch, der im nördlichen Atlantik zwischen 11° und 87° nördlicher Breite vorkommt.

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Benthosema glaciale

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Benthosema glaciale, or glacier lantern fish, is the most common species of lanternfish and important part of the midwater ecosystem of northern North Atlantic.[1][2]

It feeds on small crustaceans, including copepods, krill and amphipods, along with other small invertebrates.[3]

Distribution

Benthosema glaciale occurs in the North Atlantic as well as in the Mediterranean Sea. In the eastern Atlantic it is found from Guinea northwards to the Kara Sea, and in the western Atlantic from the northern edge of the Gulf Stream northwards to the Baffin Bay and Greenland.[4][5] It is common in Norwegian fjords.[1]

Benthosema glaciale is a mesopelagic fish that can be found from surface waters down to depth of 1,400 m (4,600 ft), but it is most common at around 300–400 m (980–1,310 ft).[4] It undergoes diel vertical migration, moving to shallower water to feed at night.[1][4] However, depth distribution can be bimodal at night, suggesting that not all individuals migrate.[6]

Life history

Benthosema glaciale can grow to 10.3 cm (4.1 in) SL.[4] They have a maximum lifespan of about eight years,[4] although typical lifespan is shorter.[1] Maturity is reached at age 2–3 years. Spawning takes place mostly in summer.[2] In Norway, oceanic populations grow slower but to a larger size than fjord populations.[7] Mediterranean populations have smaller body size, shorter lifespan, and might spawn throughout the year.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Gjøsæter, J. (1973). "Age, growth, and mortality of the myctophid fish, Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt), from western Norway". Sarsia. 52: 1–14. doi:10.1080/00364827.1973.10411227.
  2. ^ a b c Gjøsæter, J. (1981). "Growth, production and reproduction of the myctophid fish Benthosema glaciale from western Norway and adjacent seas". Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie Havundersøkelser. 17: 79–108.
  3. ^ García-Seoane, E.; Dalpadado, P.; Vázquez, A. (2013-10-01). "Feeding ecology of the glacier lanternfish Benthosema glaciale (Actinopterygii, Myctophidae) in the Flemish Cap (North Atlantic Ocean)". Hydrobiologia. 717 (1): 133–146. doi:10.1007/s10750-013-1579-5. ISSN 1573-5117.
  4. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Benthosema glaciale" in FishBase. November 2014 version.
  5. ^ Eschmeyer, W. N. (3 February 2015). "Catalog of Fishes". California Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  6. ^ Sutton, T. T.; Letessier, T. B.; Bardarson, B. (2013). "Midwater fishes collected in the vicinity of the Sub-Polar Front, Mid-North Atlantic Ocean, during ECOMAR pelagic sampling". Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 98: 292–300. Bibcode:2013DSRII..98..292S. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.08.001.
  7. ^ Kristoffersen, J. B.; Salvanes, A. G. V. (2009). "Distribution, growth, and population genetics of the glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) in Norwegian waters: Contrasting patterns in fjords and the ocean". Marine Biology Research. 5 (6): 596–604. doi:10.1080/17451000903042479. S2CID 85048678.
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Benthosema glaciale: Brief Summary

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Benthosema glaciale, or glacier lantern fish, is the most common species of lanternfish and important part of the midwater ecosystem of northern North Atlantic.

It feeds on small crustaceans, including copepods, krill and amphipods, along with other small invertebrates.

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Benthosema glaciale ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La linterna oscura (Benthosema glaciale),[1][2]​ es una especie de pez marino de la familia de los mictófidos o peces linterna.[3]

Su pesca es escasa pero despierta un interés potencial.[1]

Morfología

Su longitud máxima descrita es de 10'3 cm,[4]​ alcanzando una edad de hasta 8 años. Tanto en la aleta dorsal como en la aleta anal no tienen espinas y tienen poco más de una docena de radios blandos.[1]​ Los machos tienen una sola glándula supracaudal bordeada de negro, mientras que las hembras tienen dos luminosos parches infracaudales, en ocasiones se encuentran especímenes con ambos; tienen alrededor de una docena de órganos luminosos con fotóforos en la zona anal, unos 5 o 6 por delante y unos 5 a 7 por detrás.[1]

Distribución y hábitat

Es un pez marino bati-pelágico de aguas profundas, no migrador, que habita en un rango de profundidad entre 0 y 1407 metros, aunque normalmente habita entre los 300 y 400 metros de profundidad[5]​ Se distribuye por la mayor parte del océano Atlántico norte, incluido parte del océano Ártico y por el mar Mediterráneo, entre los 81º de latitud norte y los 11º sur, y entre los 76º de longidud oeste y 29º este.[1]

Su hábitat es el mar de altura, mesopelágico que durante el día está a profundidades entre 375 y 800 metros mientras que durante la noche migra a agus más superficiales a una profundidad entre 12 y 200 metros.[4]​ Se alimenta de copépodos, euphausiacea y otros pequeños crustáceos, que captura durante la noche.[6]

Alcanzan la madurez cuando miden unos 3 cm, habiéndose comprobado que comienzan a reproducirse al final de la primavera, produciendo las hembras entre 160 y 2000 huevas dependiendo de su tamaño.[7]

Referencias

  1. a b c d e Bauchot, M.-L. (1987). «Poissons osseux». En Fischer, W.; Bauchot, M.L.,; Schneider, M. (eds.), eds. Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche. 37 (en francés). Vol. II. Roma: Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO. p. 891-1421.
  2. "Benthosema glaciale". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en octubre de 2015. N.p.: FishBase, 2015.
  3. "Myctophidae". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en octubre de 2015. N.p.: FishBase, 2015.
  4. a b Hulley, P.A., 1990. «Myctophidae». p. 398-467. En J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post y L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisboa; SEI; París; y UNESCO, París. Vol. 1.
  5. Mauchline, J., 1988. «Growth and breeding of meso- and bathypelagic organisms of the Rockall Trough, northeastern Atlantic Ocean and evidence of seasonality». Mar. Biol. 98:387-393.
  6. Gjøsaeter, J., 1973. «The food of the myctophid fish, Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt), from western Norway». Sarsia 52:53-58.
  7. Muus, B.J. y J.G. Nielsen, 1999. «Sea fish». Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Dinamarca. 340 p.

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Benthosema glaciale: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La linterna oscura (Benthosema glaciale),​​ es una especie de pez marino de la familia de los mictófidos o peces linterna.​

Su pesca es escasa pero despierta un interés potencial.​

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Benthosema glaciale ( Basque )

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Benthosema glaciale Benthosema generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Myctophidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Egeo itsasoan aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Benthosema glaciale FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

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Benthosema glaciale: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Benthosema glaciale Benthosema generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Myctophidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Benthosema glaciale ( French )

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Benthosema glaciale est une espèce des poissons téléostéens.

Voir aussi

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Benthosema glaciale: Brief Summary ( French )

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Benthosema glaciale est une espèce des poissons téléostéens.

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Benthosema glaciale ( Italian )

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Il pesce lanterna glaciale (Benthosema glaciale) è un pesce abissale della famiglia Myctophidae.

Distribuzione e habitat

Si incontra nell'Oceano Atlantico a nord fin oltre il circolo polare artico e nel mar Mediterraneo (più comune nel bacino occidentale), compresi il mar Adriatico. È assente dal mar Nero ma si trova nel mar di Marmara.
Questa specie frequenta le acque profonde fino a 500 m (ma nel mar Ionio è stato catturato a più di 1000 m), dove ha uno stile di vita pelagico. Effettua migrazioni notturne verso la superficie.

Descrizione

Come tutti i pesci lanterna questa specie si distingue dalle altre mediante l'analisi dei fotofori (vedi la figura alla voce Myctophidae). In questa specie è presente un solo fotoforo POL ed il secondo VO è posto più in alto degli altri. Inoltre il Vn non è presente. Nel maschio sono presenti i Gs che sono assenti nella femmina, che invece ha Gi.
Colore argenteo con dorso brunastro.
Raggiunge gli 8 cm al massimo.

Alimentazione

Si ciba di crostacei ed altri animaletti planctonici.

Riproduzione

Avviene tutto l'anno, soprattutto nella stagione fredda.

Tassonomia

Gli esemplari del Mediterraneo sono più piccoli ed hanno meno vertebre di quelli atlantici essi furono considerati ora una sottospecie (B. glaciale thori) ed ora una buona specie (B. thori). Attualmente queste due popolazioni non vengono distinte sistematicamente.

Bibliografia

  • Tortonese E. Osteichthyes, Calderini, 1975
  • Costa F. Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani Mursia, 1991 ISBN 88-425-1003-3

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Benthosema glaciale: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il pesce lanterna glaciale (Benthosema glaciale) è un pesce abissale della famiglia Myctophidae.

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Benthosema glaciale ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

Benthosema glaciale is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van de lantaarnvissen (Myctophidae), die voorkomt in de Noordelijke IJszee, het noordwesten, het noordoosten en het oosten van de Atlantische Oceaan en in de Middellandse Zee.

Beschrijving

Benthosema glaciale kan een lengte bereiken van 10 centimeter en kan maximaal 8 jaar oud worden. Het lichaam van de vis heeft een langgerekte vorm. De kop is duidelijk convex.

De vis heeft één rugvin en één aarsvin. De rugvin heeft 13 tot 14 vinstralen en de aarsvin 17 tot 19 vinstralen.

Leefwijze

Benthosema glaciale is een zoutwatervis die voorkomt in diep water. De soort is voornamelijk te vinden in zeeën en oceanen op een diepte van maximaal 850 meter.

Het dieet van de vis bestaat hoofdzakelijk uit zoöplankton.

Relatie tot de mens

Benthosema glaciale is voor de visserij van potentieel belang. De soort staat niet op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.

Externe links

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.

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Benthosema glaciale: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Benthosema glaciale is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van de lantaarnvissen (Myctophidae), die voorkomt in de Noordelijke IJszee, het noordwesten, het noordoosten en het oosten van de Atlantische Oceaan en in de Middellandse Zee.

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Nordlig prickfisk ( Swedish )

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Nordlig prickfisk (Benthosema glaciale) är en djuphavsfisk i familjen prickfiskar.

Utseende

Den nordliga prickfisken är en liten (upp till 10 cm[2]) avlång fisk med stort huvud och stora ögon. Kroppen har stora fjäll och är brun på ryggen, silverfärgad för övrigt.[3] Fisken har fettfena och ett stort antal lysorgan över sidor och buk.[4] Honan har dessutom lysorgan på undersidan av stjärtfenans bas, medan hanen har sådana på dess ovansida.[5]

Vanor

Arten lever pelagiskt från havsytan ner till 1 400 m, vanligast dock på ett djup mellan 300 och 400 m. På natten går den högre upp, vanligen ovanför 200-metersnivån. Födan, som främst jagas på natten, består framför allt av hoppkräftor; den tar också kräftdjurslarver och lysräkor. Den kan bli upp till 8 år gammal.[2]

Fortplantning

Den nordliga prickfisken blir könsmogen vid omkring 2 års ålder. Under lektiden, som infaller under vår och sommar,[3] kan honan lägga mellan 160 och 2 000 ägg beroende på storleken.[2]

Utbredning

Arten finns i Atlanten från Kanada och Baffinbukten till norra Golfströmmen, Grönland, Norge och söderut i östra Atlanten via Medelhavet och Marocko, samt från Mauritanien till Guinea. Säsongsvis kan den även förekomma mellan Marocko och Mauritanien.[2] Den går in i Skagerack[4] och har påträffats i Danmark och Sverige.[5]

Referenser

  1. ^ Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=162680. Läst 24 november 2010.
  2. ^ [a b c d] Froese, Rainer (6 oktober 2010). Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837) Glacier lantern fish” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=21. Läst 24 november 2010.
  3. ^ [a b] ”Glacier Lanternfish, Benthosema glaciale (på engelska). Canada's Arctic, University of Guelph. http://www.polarlife.ca/organisms/fish/marine/lantern/glacier.htm. Läst 24 november 2010.
  4. ^ [a b] Nielsen, Lars; Svedberg, Ulf (2006). Våra fiskar. Stockholm: Prisma. sid. 104. ISBN 91-518-4572-5
  5. ^ [a b] Curry-Lindahl, Kai (1985). Våra fiskar : havs- och sötvattensfiskar i Norden och övriga Europa. Stockholm: Norstedts. sid. 152, 363. ISBN 91-1-844202-1
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Nordlig prickfisk: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Nordlig prickfisk (Benthosema glaciale) är en djuphavsfisk i familjen prickfiskar.

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Diet

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Feeds on copepods, euphausiids and copepodites

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Distribution

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Baffin Bay to northern edge of Gulf Stream

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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Nyctoepipelagic species, migrates from daytime depth of 375- 800 m to 12- 200 m at night.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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nektonic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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Epipelagic

Reference

Census of Marine Zooplankton, 2006. NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown, deployment RHB0603, Sargasso Sea. Peter Wiebe, PI. Identifications by L. Bercial, N. Copley, A. Cornils, L. Devi, H. Hansen, R. Hopcroft, M. Kuriyama, H. Matsuura, D. Lindsay, L. Madin, F. Pagè

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Habitat

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Mesopelagic

Reference

Census of Marine Zooplankton, 2006. NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown, deployment RHB0603, Sargasso Sea. Peter Wiebe, PI. Identifications by L. Bercial, N. Copley, A. Cornils, L. Devi, H. Hansen, R. Hopcroft, M. Kuriyama, H. Matsuura, D. Lindsay, L. Madin, F. Pagè

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Habitat

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Bathypelagic

Reference

Census of Marine Zooplankton, 2006. NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown, deployment RHB0603, Sargasso Sea. Peter Wiebe, PI. Identifications by L. Bercial, N. Copley, A. Cornils, L. Devi, H. Hansen, R. Hopcroft, M. Kuriyama, H. Matsuura, D. Lindsay, L. Madin, F. Pagè

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