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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 45; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 13 - 18; Vertebrae: 47 - 52
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Migration

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Life Cycle

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Oviparous. Gonads of adolescents are hermaphroditic, but there is no proof that the species is a functional hermaphrodite (Ref. 6011). However, further studies show that this species is a synchronous hermaphrodite where gonads consist of clearly defined and well separated ovarian and testicular regions with no indication of sequential maturation of the sex products (Ref. 84733).
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Diagnostic Description

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Mouth large with two erect fangs on palatines. Dorsal fin very high, about three rays beginning with third or fourth much exerted; adipose moderate in size, over posterior part of anal insertion (Ref. 6885). Generally pale, iridescent, darker dorsally; lateral adipose keel dark; all fins dark brown or black; peritoneum black (Ref. 6885). Branchiostegal rays: 7-8 (Ref. 36025).
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Trophic Strategy

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Swift swimmers. Mainly inhabit tropical and subtropical waters; however, during the feeding period adults may migrate to the subarctic reaching as far north as Greenland, Iceland and the Bering Sea (Ref. 51887). Epipelagic- and mesopelagic, from near the surface to below 1,000 m, sometimes approaching inshore waters (Ref. 6011). Bathypelagic (Ref. 58302). Mainly nocturnal. Feed on fishes, cephalopods, tunicates, and crustaceans (Ref. 6011). Preyed upon by opah, sharks, albacore, yellowfin tuna, and fur seals (Ref. 6885). For large fishes, the canibalism rate and the occurrence of large evasive prey and Sargassum seaweeds floating at the surface were greater than for small lancetfish (Ref. 75027). Often caught on tuna longlines (Ref. 58472). Cannibalism among lancetfish of the westernIndian Ocean appears to be an option for increasing adult survival during periods, or in areas of low prey abundance (Ref. 75026). May adapt its opportunistic foraging behavior, feeding on non-conspecific abundant prey such as crustaceans when available, and switching to a high level of conspecific predation in poor waters (Ref. 75026).Parasites of the species include nematode, tapeworm and a large muscular trematode (Profundiella alepisauri) (Ref. 5951).
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Biology

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Mainly inhabit tropical and subtropical waters; however, during the feeding period adults may migrate to the subarctic reaching as far north as Greenland, Iceland and the Bering Sea (Ref. 51887). Epipelagic- and mesopelagic, from near the surface to below 1,000 m, sometimes approaching inshore waters (Ref. 6011). Bathypelagic (Ref. 58302). Mainly nocturnal. Feeds on fishes, cephalopods, tunicates, and crustaceans (Ref. 6011). Preyed upon by opah, sharks, albacore, yellowfin tuna, and fur seals (Ref. 6885). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36025). Are synchronous hermaphrodites (Ref. 84733). Occasionally consumed but of little importance due to its soft flesh (Ref. 5217). The maximum weight given is for a 167 cm FL specimen (Ref. 42154).
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Pablo Gutierrez
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分布

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廣泛分布於世界三大洋之熱帶及亞熱帶海域。臺灣則發現於東北部水域。
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利用

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罕見魚類,除學術研究外,無經濟價值。
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描述

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體狹長而側扁,頭側扁而略高。 吻尖長。眼大。口大,上頜延伸至眼後方,末端不擴大,下頜略突出於上頜;上下頜骨齒各一列齒,排列稀疏,下頜齒較大上頜齒;上頜小齒很多,並有三顆強大之大齒,兩者在前,其一在後;頜其最前有一強大之犬齒,隨後為6顆小齒及兩顆大犬齒, 再後為一列約12顆之小齒;鋤骨無齒;腭骨具齒。鰓被架7。無鰾及發光器。體柔軟無鱗;皮膚薄。側線完全,側線管突出。尾柄兩側各具一縱隆起線。背鰭高大呈帆狀,基底長,起始於鰓蓋後上方;具脂鰭;臀鰭後位,基底短;胸鰭長且腹位;腹鰭小,約在體中點區域;尾鰭深分叉。體背部為暗青色, 腹側銀白色。隆起線黑褐色。各鰭色暗。
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棲地

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表、中層洄游性魚類,棲息深度在水表層至水下1,000公尺以上,常出現於近海。主要以魚類、頭足類、被囊類或甲殼類為食。具浮游稚魚期。
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Langnasen-Lanzenfisch ( German )

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Der Langnasen-Lanzenfisch (Alepisaurus ferox) ist ein in allen Weltmeeren zwischen 84°N und 57°S vorkommender Raubfisch und die größte Art der Eidechsenfischverwandten (Aulopiformes). Fänge der Art gibt es aus dem westlichen und östlichen Pazifik von den Aleuten bis Chile, aus dem westlichen Atlantik von der Küste Kanadas, dem Golf von Maine, aus dem Golf von Mexiko, der Karibik und auch aus dem östlichen Atlantik. Der Langnasen-Lanzenfisch kommt in Tiefen bis 1830 Meter vor.

Merkmale

Die Maximallänge der Art liegt bei 2,15 Meter, die meisten ausgewachsenen Exemplare erreichen eine Länge von etwa 1,5 Meter. Das maximale Gewicht, gemessen an einem 1,67 Meter langen Exemplar, lag bei 9 kg. Alepisaurus ferox hat einen langgestreckten Körper und eine große, segelartige Rückenflosse, bei der drei Flossenstrahlen, beginnend mit der dritten oder vierten, stark verlängert und im oberen Teil nicht durch Flossenmembran verbunden sind. Eine kleine Fettflosse ist vorhanden. Sie liegt über dem hinteren Teil der Afterflosse. Kopf und Schnauze sind lang. Die Kopflänge beträgt etwa 17 % der Standardlänge, die Schnauzenlänge etwa ein Drittel bis die Hälfte der Kopflänge. Das Maul ist tief gespalten, im Gaumen befinden sich zwei lange, auffällige Fangzähne. Die Anzahl der Branchiostegalstrahl liegt bei 7 bis 8, die der Wirbel bei 47 bis 52. Alepisaurus ferox ist blass gefärbt, der Rücken ist dunkel, die Seiten irisieren. Alle Flossen sind dunkelbraun bis schwarz. Das Peritoneum ist schwarz.

Lebensweise

Der Langnasen-Lanzenfisch kommt vor allem in tropischen und subtropischen Meeren vor, wandert aber zur Nahrungssuche weit nach Norden, bis zur Beringstrasse, nach Grönland oder Island. Er lebt epi-bis mesopelagisch von der Wasseroberfläche bis in Tiefen von 1800 Metern, ist vor allem nachtaktiv. Er ernährt sich von Fischen, Kopffüßern, Manteltieren und Krebstieren und wird selbst von Gotteslachsen, Haien, vom Weißen und Gelbflossen-Thun und von Ohrenrobben gefressen. Wie viele Eidechsenfischverwandten ist Alepisaurus ferox ein simultaner Hermaphrodit, d. h. die Fische besitzen zur gleichen Zeit funktionsfähige weibliche und männliche Geschlechtsorgane. Die Larven leben planktonisch.

Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Art ist gering.

Literatur

  • William N. Eschmeyer, Earl S. Herald, Howard Hamann: A field guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America. From the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California (Peterson Field Guides; 28). Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Mass. 1983, ISBN 0-395-33188-9.
  • W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Eastern central Atlantic. Rom, 1981

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Langnasen-Lanzenfisch: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Langnasen-Lanzenfisch (Alepisaurus ferox) ist ein in allen Weltmeeren zwischen 84°N und 57°S vorkommender Raubfisch und die größte Art der Eidechsenfischverwandten (Aulopiformes). Fänge der Art gibt es aus dem westlichen und östlichen Pazifik von den Aleuten bis Chile, aus dem westlichen Atlantik von der Küste Kanadas, dem Golf von Maine, aus dem Golf von Mexiko, der Karibik und auch aus dem östlichen Atlantik. Der Langnasen-Lanzenfisch kommt in Tiefen bis 1830 Meter vor.

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Alepisaurus ferox

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Alepisaurus ferox, the long snouted lancetfish,[2] longnose lancetfish,[2] or cannibal fish,[2] is a species of lancetfish found in the ocean depths down to 1,830 m (6,000 ft).[3] This species grows to 215 cm (85 in) in total length and a weight of 9 kg (20 lb).

It is often called the cannibal fish because numerous individuals have been caught after having devoured other lancetfish.[3]

Habitat and ecosystem

Habitat

A. ferox lives in deep-water oceans in the Western and Eastern Pacific from the Aleutian Islands to Chile and the Western Atlantic from the Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico, including the Caribbean Sea, and the Eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Northwest Atlantic, and the China Sea.[2] The A. ferox can also be found as far north as Russia.[4] Due to the range of habitat the A. ferox can be found in, it can be caught with fisheries that are catching tuna.[5] The daily vertical migrations from the epipelagic all the way down to the mesopelagic or bathypelagic zones are taken by the A. ferox in order to find food.[6]

Predators

The known predators for A. ferox include yellowfin tuna, opah, fur seals, Pacific cod, and salmon shark.[7] The predators are known to change for A. ferox depending on the region of the ocean it is inhabiting.[7]

Effect on ecosystem

A. ferox is known for its predatory and prey behaviors in the south-western and central-western Pacific Ocean.[3] In these regions of the Pacific Ocean, there have been studies done on the effects this species has on the surrounding ecosystems and whether those impacts are negative or positive for said ecosystems.[8] When A. ferox was removed from these regions of the Pacific Ocean, there was a negative effect on the ecosystems that showed the importance of this species as both a predatory and prey type.[8]

Characteristics and behavior

Appearance

The dorsal fin of A. ferox has about three rays strongly exerted, beginning with the third or fourth ray. It is known to have a large mouth with two fangs. It is generally pale, iridescent, and dark around the dorsal fin; all of its fins are either dark brown or black.[2]

The stomach of A. ferox is similar to that of the other species in the suborder of Alepisauroidea.[9] The gut of the A. ferox is a large, blind-sac that also has a very unique biological response to food.[9] The stomach will store food in the stomach and slowly digest the contents, allowing for a more in depth understanding of the exact diet the A. ferox have.[9]

Skull of A. ferox.

The large, sharp teeth of the lancetfish have two functions; breaking apart organisms too large to swallow whole, and cutting prey’s trunk muscles to stop the prey struggling. The teeth are not used for chewing otherwise.[3]

Diet

The main diet of A. ferox can vary depending on the area it inhabits. There have been studies done that show the diet variation [3] along with studies that show there is no diet variation. A. ferox is known to eat from 98 different prey families and even man made materials, like plastics, that find their way into the ocean.[3]

A. ferox is known as a migratory species as well as a cannibalistic one.[8] A. ferox is known to travel down to as far as 1,830 metres (6,000 ft) down in order to hunt.[8] A study done in Suruga Bay, Japan explored the contents of the stomach of various A. ferox that had washed ashore and found that along with indigestible materials, there were species of sea life that were found at the surface, middle, and deep sea layers.[3] This study showed how the A. ferox is a deep sea diving species that can easily migrate between the different layers of the sea.[3]

A. ferox is referred to as the cannibal fish, due to its conspecific predation habits. the extent of cannibalism depended on the availability of non-conspecific prey.[8] These patterns range from 0–45.5% in frequency and depend on the availability and ease of finding other prey but ultimately make up a substantial part of the diet of A. ferox.[8] Size is an influencing factor as small lancetfish will not turn to cannibalism as quickly as larger fish.[8]

Reproduction

The fish are simultaneous hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive parts at the same time.[10] Unlike other hermaphroditic fishes, A. ferox has two distinct testicular lobes that are independent from the ovarian region.[11] This species also an absence of a pair of diverticulae in the female reproductive section, which in other hermaphrodites is used for spermatophore uptake.[11]

Human impact

Plastic consumption

Plastic is ingested by approximately 30% of all A. ferox.[12] Macroplastic fragments and rope fragments were the most commonly found plastic in the stomach contents with white and clear colored plastics seeming to be favored.[12]

Bycatch

A. ferox is commonly caught as bycatch for longline fisheries and is never the intended target. In the Philippines, studies of longline tuna fisheries revealed that they usually caught more A. ferox than any tuna.[13] A. ferox also accounts for 2% of all bycatch by circle and j hook longline fisheries in the Bay of Bengal.[14] Survival of being bycatch in these types of nets is low - only one third of A. ferox survive.[15]

References

  1. ^ Paxton, J.R. (2010). "Alepisaurus ferox". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T154820A4641606. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T154820A4641606.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833". FishBase. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h 田正, 久保; 輝彌, 上野 (1970). "駿河湾産ミズウオの食性について". 魚類学雑誌. 17 (1): 22–28. doi:10.11369/jji1950.17.22.
  4. ^ Orlov, Alexei M.; Ul'chenko, Vasily A. (2002). "A hypothesis to explain onshore records of long-nose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox (Alepisauridae, Teleostei) in the North Pacific Ocean". Marine and Freshwater Research. 53 (2): 303–306. doi:10.1071/mf01166. ISSN 1448-6059.
  5. ^ "Alepisaurus ferox". fishesofaustralia.net.au. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  6. ^ Portner, Elan J.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Choy, C. Anela (July 2017). "Patterns in micronekton diversity across the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre observed from the diet of longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox)". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 125: 40–51. Bibcode:2017DSRI..125...40P. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2017.04.013. ISSN 0967-0637.
  7. ^ a b Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Abecassis, Melanie; Howell, Evan A.; Woodworth, Phoebe (May 2009). "Increases in the relative abundance of mid-trophic level fishes concurrent with declines in apex predators in the subtropical North Pacific, 1996–2006" (PDF). Fishery Bulletin. 107: 523–531.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Romanov, Evgeny V.; Ménard, Frédéric; Zamorov, Veniamin V.; Potier, Michel (2008-01-01). "Variability in conspecific predation among longnose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox in the western Indian Ocean". Fisheries Science. 74 (1): 62–68. doi:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01496.x. ISSN 1444-2906. S2CID 42124144.
  9. ^ a b c Fisheries, NOAA (2019-05-02). "How an Odd, Cannibalistic Fish Is Helping Us Understand the Mysteries of the Deep | NOAA Fisheries". www.fisheries.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  10. ^ Smith, C. Lavett; Atz, Ethel H. (1973-03-05). "Hermaphroditism in the Mesopelagic Fishes Omosudis lowei and Alepisaurus ferox". Copeia. 1973 (1): 41. doi:10.2307/1442355. ISSN 0045-8511. JSTOR 1442355.
  11. ^ a b Beese, Kathleen; Beier, Konstantin; Baur, Bruno (2006). "Bursa tract diverticulum in the hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum (Stylommatophora: Helicidae): Morphology, function, and evolutionary implications". Journal of Morphology. 267 (8): 940–953. doi:10.1002/jmor.10451. ISSN 0362-2525. PMID 16676345. S2CID 24568939.
  12. ^ a b Choy, CA; Drazen, JC (2013-06-27). "Plastic for dinner? Observations of frequent debris ingestion by pelagic predatory fishes from the central North Pacific". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 485: 155–163. Bibcode:2013MEPS..485..155C. doi:10.3354/meps10342. ISSN 0171-8630.
  13. ^ Beckman, Robert C. (2015), "The Philippines v. China Case and the South China Sea Disputes", Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 54–65, doi:10.1057/9781137463685_4, ISBN 978-1-349-49925-0
  14. ^ Willey, Angel L.; Barker, Linda S.; Sampson, Mark (July 2016). "A comparison of circle hook and J hook performance in the recreational shark fishery off Maryland". Fishery Bulletin. 114 (3): 370–372. doi:10.7755/fb.114.3.9. ISSN 0090-0656.
  15. ^ Carruthers, Erin H.; Schneider, David C.; Neilson, John D. (November 2009). "Estimating the odds of survival and identifying mitigation opportunities for common bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries". Biological Conservation. 142 (11): 2620–2630. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.010. ISSN 0006-3207.
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Alepisaurus ferox: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Alepisaurus ferox, the long snouted lancetfish, longnose lancetfish, or cannibal fish, is a species of lancetfish found in the ocean depths down to 1,830 m (6,000 ft). This species grows to 215 cm (85 in) in total length and a weight of 9 kg (20 lb).

It is often called the cannibal fish because numerous individuals have been caught after having devoured other lancetfish.

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Alepisaurus ferox ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Alepisaurus ferox, el Lanzón picudo, Lanzón Nariz Larga o Conejo de lo Alto[2]​ es una especie de lanzón que puede ser encontrado en profundidades oceánicas de hasta 1.830 m. Esta especie puede crecer hasta 215 cm de longitud total y alcanzar un peso de 9 kg. A veces son capturados como captura accesoria por pesquerías de atún con palangre, pero no es una especie que sea pescada de manera específica.[3]

En los países de lengua inglesa se le suele llamar pez canibal debido a que se han capturado numerosos individuos que habían devorado otros miembros de su propia especie.

Hábitat y distribución

Vive en océanos de aguas profundas en el Pacífico Oriental y Occidental, desde las Islas Aleutianas hasta Chile, y en el Atlántico Occidental desde el Golfo de Maine al Golfo de México, incluyendo el Mar de Caribe, además del Atlántico Oriental, el Océano Índico, el noroeste del Atlántico, y el Mar de China.[1]

Características

La aleta dorsal de A. ferox tiene en promedio tres radios, de los cuales el tercer o cuarto rayo es mucho más extenso que los demás. También constan de una gran boca provista de dos colmillos. Su color es generalmente pálido, iridiscente, oscurecido alrededor de la aleta dorsal, y todas sus aletas son de color marrón oscuro o negro.[1]

Estos peces son hermafroditas síncronos, lo cual quiere decir que poseen partes reproductivas masculinas y femeninas al mismo tiempo.[3]

Referencias

  1. a b c "Alepisaurus ferox". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en febrero de 2012. N.p.: FishBase, 2012.
  2. «Common names of Alepisaurus ferox». FishBase (en inglés). Consultado el 5 de octubre de 2016.
  3. a b Bray, Dianne. «Longnose Lancetfish, Alepisaurus ferox Lowe 1833». Fishes of Australia. Consultado el 5 de octubre de 2016.

Véase también

Bibliografía

  • Jantz L, Morishige C, Bruland G, Lepczyk C (2013) Ingestion of plastic marine debris by longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox) in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar Poll Bull 69:97–104. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.019
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Alepisaurus ferox: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Alepisaurus ferox, el Lanzón picudo, Lanzón Nariz Larga o Conejo de lo Alto​ es una especie de lanzón que puede ser encontrado en profundidades oceánicas de hasta 1.830 m. Esta especie puede crecer hasta 215 cm de longitud total y alcanzar un peso de 9 kg. A veces son capturados como captura accesoria por pesquerías de atún con palangre, pero no es una especie que sea pescada de manera específica.​

En los países de lengua inglesa se le suele llamar pez canibal debido a que se han capturado numerosos individuos que habían devorado otros miembros de su propia especie.

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Alepisaurus ferox ( Basque )

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Alepisaurus ferox Alepisaurus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Alepisauridae familian.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

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Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Alepisaurus ferox: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Alepisaurus ferox Alepisaurus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Alepisauridae familian.

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Cavalo féroce ( French )

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Alepisaurus ferox

Le Cavalo féroce, ou lancier long-nez (Alepisaurus ferox) est une espèce de poissons appartenant à la famille des Alepisauridae.

Etymologie

Le terme Alepisaurus, du latin a-, « sans », lepis, « écaille », et saurus, « lézard », fait référence à sa peau sans écaille et fait allusion à la forme de lézard.

Description

Taille

Le cavalo féroce atteint une longueur totale de 215 cm et un poids de 9 kg.

Répartition géographique

Alepisaurus ferox vit dans les eaux profondes du Pacifique, des îles Aléoutiennes au Chili et dans l'Atlantique occidental, du nord-est de l'Amérique au golfe du Mexique, et dans l'océan Indien, l'Atlantique Nord-Ouest et la mer de Chine. Il se trouve également au nord jusqu'en Russie. En raison de la diversité de son habitat, le cavalo féroce peut être capturé par les pêcheries qui capturent le thon. Il effectue des migrations verticales quotidiennes.

Alimentation

Prédateurs

Le thon jaune, l'opah, l'otarie à fourrure, la morue du Pacifique et le requin taupe. Par ailleurs, de nombreux individus ont été capturés après avoir dévoré d'autres cavalos. Il est de ce fait appelé "poisson cannibale" en anglais.

Régime alimentaire

Le régime alimentaire principal du lancier long-nez peut varier en fonction de la région qu'il habite. Il peut se nourrir d'une centaine de familles de proies différentes et même de matériaux fabriqués par l'homme comme le plastique, qui est ingéré par environ 30% des individus de l'espèce. Les fragments de macroplastique et les fragments de corde sont les plastiques les plus fréquemment trouvés dans le contenu de l'estomac, les plastiques blancs et de couleur claire semblant être privilégiés.

Le cavalo féroce et l'Homme

Le cavalo féroce est couramment capturé comme prise accessoire pour la pêche à la palangre, bien qu'il ne soit pas la cible visée. Aux Philippines, des études sur les pêcheries de thon à la palangre ont révélé qu'elles capturaient généralement plus d'Alepisaurus ferox que de thons. La survie des prises accessoires dans les filets est faible - seul un tiers survivent.

Notes et références

Annexes

Références taxinomiques

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Cavalo féroce: Brief Summary ( French )

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Alepisaurus ferox

Le Cavalo féroce, ou lancier long-nez (Alepisaurus ferox) est une espèce de poissons appartenant à la famille des Alepisauridae.

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Alepisaurus ferox ( Italian )

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Alepisaurus ferox (Lowe, 1833), conosciuto comunemente come sauro feroce, è un pesce abissale della famiglia Alepisauridae.

Descrizione

Ha un aspetto feroce, soprattutto per la profonda bocca armata di grandi denti caniniformi sporgenti che supera gli occhi molto grandi. Il corpo è slanciato e sottile, a sezione cilindrica. La pinna dorsale è lunghissima e molto alta, con i primi raggi filiformi allungati, è presente una piccola pinna adiposa; la pinna caudale è profondamente forcuta, il lobo superiore porta un prolungamento filiforme. La pinna anale è bassa; le pinne ventrali arretrate e le pinne pettorali lunghe ed inserite in basso sul corpo. È molto fragile.
Il colore è bronzeo iridescente con fitti punti scuri. Le pinne sono nere.
Raggiunge sicuramente 1,5 m di lunghezza e sembra possa raggiungere i 2 metri.

Distribuzione e habitat

È cosmopolita e si incontra anche nel mar Mediterraneo, oltre che in tutti gli oceani. Vive di solito in acque tropicali e subtropicali ma durante la buona stagione si porta anche a latitudini subpolari. È raro (o meglio scarsamente incontrato) in tutto il suo areale. Vive a grandi profondità (almeno fino a 1000 metri) ma fa talvolta delle comparse in acque superficiali.

Biologia

Il sauro feroce caccia pesci, cefalopodi, salpe, crostacei ed, in generale, tutto ciò che incontra.

Sono riportati casi di predazione da parte di tonni, pesci re, squali e foche.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Alepisaurus ferox, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

Bibliografia

  • TORTONESE E. (1975), Osteichthyes - Fauna d'Italia vol. XI, Calderini, Bologna
  • COSTA F., (1991), Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani, Mursia, Milano
  • LOUISY P., (2006), Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo, Il Castello, Trezzano sul Naviglio (MI)

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Alepisaurus ferox: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Alepisaurus ferox (Lowe, 1833), conosciuto comunemente come sauro feroce, è un pesce abissale della famiglia Alepisauridae.

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Lansvis ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

De lansvis (Alepisaurus ferox) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van lansvissen (Alepisauridae), orde van draadzeilvissen (Aulopiformes).

Kenmerken

Deze grote vis heeft een torpedovormig lichaam met een diepgevorkte staartvin en een lange, hoge rugvin, die doorloopt vanachter de kop tot aan de vetvin en de vorm heeft van een zeil. De functie van dit lichaamsdeel is echter niet bekend. Aan de voorzijde van de rugvin bevinden zich drie verlengde vinstralen. De grote bek is bezet met lange, scherpe tanden. De vis kan maximaal 215 centimeter lang en 4500 gram zwaar worden.

Leefomgeving

Alepisaurus ferox is een zoutwatervis. De soort komt voor in diep water in de Grote en Atlantische Oceaan en in de Middellandse Zee op een diepte tot 1830 meter.

Relatie tot de mens

In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
  • David Burnie (2001) - Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).
Wikimedia Commons Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Alepisaurus ferox op Wikimedia Commons.
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Lansvis: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De lansvis (Alepisaurus ferox) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van lansvissen (Alepisauridae), orde van draadzeilvissen (Aulopiformes).

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Żaglon ( Polish )

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Żaglon (Alepisaurus ferox) – gatunek ryby skrzelokształtnej z rodziny żaglonowatych (Alepisauridae), dla której jest typem nomenklatorycznym. Występuje we wschodnim i zachodnim Pacyfiku na głębokości od 0 do 1830 m. Osiąga do 215 cm długości i 9 kg masy ciała[3]. Zwierzęta te zamieszkują głównie tropikalne i subtropikalne wody, jednak w okresie karmienia dorosłe migrują na północ do Grenlandii, Islandii i Morza Beringa. Mają 30–45 miękkich promieni w płetwie grzbietowej i 47–52 kręgów. Wielka paszcza o prostej krawędzi wyposażona jest w dwa wysunięte, sztyletowate zęby. Żaglon jest jedną z najbardziej żarłocznych ryb świata[4].

Przypisy

  1. Alepisaurus ferox, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Alepisaurus ferox. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Alepisaurus ferox. (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp 16 lutego 2014]
  4. Włodzimierz Załachowski: Ryby. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1992, s. 565. ISBN 83-01-12286-2.
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Żaglon: Brief Summary ( Polish )

provided by wikipedia POL

Żaglon (Alepisaurus ferox) – gatunek ryby skrzelokształtnej z rodziny żaglonowatych (Alepisauridae), dla której jest typem nomenklatorycznym. Występuje we wschodnim i zachodnim Pacyfiku na głębokości od 0 do 1830 m. Osiąga do 215 cm długości i 9 kg masy ciała. Zwierzęta te zamieszkują głównie tropikalne i subtropikalne wody, jednak w okresie karmienia dorosłe migrują na północ do Grenlandii, Islandii i Morza Beringa. Mają 30–45 miękkich promieni w płetwie grzbietowej i 47–52 kręgów. Wielka paszcza o prostej krawędzi wyposażona jest w dwa wysunięte, sztyletowate zęby. Żaglon jest jedną z najbardziej żarłocznych ryb świata.

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Alepisaurus ferox ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

A alepisaurus ferox é uma espécie de peixe marinho, pertencente à família Alepisauridae.[1]

Nomes comuns

Dá pelos seguintes nomes comuns: lírio-ferro[2], peixe-cavalo[3] e peixe-água[4] (este último nome é usado mormente na Madeira).

Taxonomia

A autoridade científica da espécie é Lowe, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1833.[5]

A etimologia do género Alepisaurus advém da aglutinação dos étimos gregos antigos[6] alepis, -idos, que significa «sem escamas», e sauros, que significa «lagarto»[7].

A etimologia da espécie ferox advém do étimo latino homónimo, que significa «feroz».[6]

Distribuição

O lírio-ferro distribui-se por todos os oceanos do planeta, no entanto, é mais abundante em águas tropicais e subtropicais. [8]Consequentemente, pode encontrar-se desde o Pacífico oriental, desde as Ilhas Aleutas até à costa do Chile; no Pacífico Ocidental, desde o Japão à Austrália, Nova Zelândia e Nova Caledónia; no Atlântico Oriental, desde a Gronelândia até ao Golfo do México e às Caraíbas; do Atlântico Ocidental, desde a Islândia até ao Sul de Portugal; no Índico desde a costa da África do Sul às Maldivas.[9][10]

Portugal

Encontra-se presente em Portugal[9], onde é uma espécie nativa, sendo certo que não é uma espécie particularmente abundante nas costas portuguesas.

Habitat

Pode encontrar-se nas profundezas marinhas, entre as zonas epipelágicas e batipelágicas, mormente na zona mesopelágica a cerca de 1.850 metros de profundidade.[9]

Pese embora sejam mais comuns em águas tropicais e subtropicais, também migram para áreas subárticas, longe da concorrência, para desovar.[6][11]

Descrição

Trata-se da maior espécie da família dos alepisaurídeos, podendo atingir os 167 cm de comprimento à furca (que é o ponto em que a cauda dos peixes se cinde em dois), e pesar até 9 quilos.[9]

Caracterizam-se pelo corpo alongado e afilado, de coloração esbatida, com matizes iridescentes prateados.[12] A coloração costuma ser mais escura ao longo do dorso e do rabo e as barbatanas costumam ser castanhas ou pretas. [12][6]

Como o nome científico sugere, estes peixes marinhos não têm escamas, em vez disso têm uma pele revestida com poros.[12] O peixe-cavalo tem uma barbatana dorsal emblemática, alusiva a uma vela de uma embarcação, com 30 a 45 estrias e conta, ainda com 46 a 52 vertebras.[13][9]

Os peixes-cavalo não exibem dimorfismo sexual, com efeito, os espécimes costumam ter órgãos sexuais de ambos os sexos, pelo que são considerados hermafroditas.[14]

Referências

  1. Lee;, Zack Clever; Rachel; Shepherd, rew. «Alepisaurus ferox (Handsaw fish)». Animal Diversity Web (em inglês). Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  2. Infopédia. «lírio-ferro | Definição ou significado de lírio-ferro no Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa». Infopédia - Dicionários Porto Editora. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  3. Infopédia. «peixe-cavalo | Definição ou significado de peixe-cavalo no Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa». Infopédia - Dicionários Porto Editora. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  4. Infopédia. «peixe-água | Definição ou significado de peixe-água no Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa». Infopédia - Dicionários Porto Editora. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  5. «Página de Espécie • Naturdata - Biodiversidade em Portugal». Naturdata - Biodiversidade em Portugal. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  6. a b c d «Alepisaurus ferox, Long snouted lancetfish». fishbase.mnhn.fr. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  7. Infopédia. «sauro- | Definição ou significado de sauro- no Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa». Infopédia - Dicionários Porto Editora. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  8. «WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833». www.marinespecies.org. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  9. a b c d e «Marine Species Identification Portal : Lancet-fish - Alepisaurus ferox». species-identification.org. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  10. «Alepisaurus ferox, Long snouted lancetfish». fishbase.mnhn.fr. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  11. Orlov, Alexei M.; Ul'chenko, Vasily A. (2002). «A hypothesis to explain onshore records of long-nose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox (Alepisauridae, Teleostei) in the North Pacific Ocean». Marine and Freshwater Research (em inglês) (2): 303–306. ISSN 1448-6059. doi:10.1071/mf01166. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  12. a b c «Digital Fish Library - Species : Alepisaurus ferox (Longnose Lancetfish)». www.digitalfishlibrary.org. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  13. Varghese, S. «Discontinuous distribution of Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833 (Alepisauridae, Teleostei) in the Indian EEZ as revealed by the tuna longline survey» (PDF). National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
  14. Smith, C. Lavett; Atz, Ethel H. (1973). «Hermaphroditism in the Mesopelagic Fishes Omosudis lowei and Alepisaurus ferox». Copeia (1): 41–44. ISSN 0045-8511. doi:10.2307/1442355. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2021
  • Alepisaurus ferox - Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2014. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (11/2014)

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Alepisaurus ferox: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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A alepisaurus ferox é uma espécie de peixe marinho, pertencente à família Alepisauridae.

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Cá lưỡi chích mũi dài ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá lưỡi chích mũi dài, tên khoa học Alepisaurus ferox, là một loài cá lưỡi chích được tìm thấy trong các vùng biển sâu 1.830 m (6.000 ft). Loài này phát triển đến chiều dài 215 cm (85 in) và cân nặng 9 kg (20 lb).

Vị trí

Alepisaurus ferox sống trong môi trường biển, và được tìm thấy trong biển nước sâu. Chúng có thể được tìm thấy tại:

  • Tây Thái Bình Dương
  • Phía đông Thái Bình Dương
  • Đảo Aleutian đến Chile
  • Phía tây Đại Tây Dương
  • Vịnh Maine
  • Vịnh Mexico
  • Biển Caribê
  • Phía đông Đại Tây Dương
  • Ấn Độ Dương
  • Phía tây bắc Đại Tây Dương
  • Canada
  • Biển Đông
  • Biển Đông Trung Quốc

Chú thích

Tham khảo


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Cá lưỡi chích mũi dài: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cá lưỡi chích mũi dài, tên khoa học Alepisaurus ferox, là một loài cá lưỡi chích được tìm thấy trong các vùng biển sâu 1.830 m (6.000 ft). Loài này phát triển đến chiều dài 215 cm (85 in) và cân nặng 9 kg (20 lb).

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Большеголовый алепизавр ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Семейство: Алепизавровые
Вид: Большеголовый алепизавр
Международное научное название

Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833

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ITIS 162527NCBI 88653EOL 213709

Большеголовый алепизавр [1] (лат. Alepisaurus ferox) — морская рыба семейства алепизавровых (Alepisauridae).

Описание

Максимальная длина тела 215 см [2], а масса — 9 кг [3].

Тело сильно удлинённое, тёмно-серебристой окраски, лишено чешуи. Брюхо серебристо-серое. Спинной плавник начинается на уровне заднего конца жаберной крышки, очень длинный и высокий, содержит 30—45 мягких лучей. Три луча, начиная с четвёртого-пятого, заметно длиннее остальных. Имеется жировой плавник. Хвостовой плавник вильчатый. На нижней челюсти и нёбных костях расположены длинные конические кинжаловидные зубы. Фотофоры на брюхе отсутствуют.

Longnoselancetfish.jpg

Распространение

Широко распространены в тропических и субтропических водах всех океанов. В период нагульных миграций взрослые особи встречаются в умеренных и даже субарктических водах в Беринговом и Охотском морях, у побережья восточной Камчатки, Курильских и Японских островов; у тихоокеанского побережья Северной и Южной Америки, а также в Атлантическом океане до Гренландии и Исландии.

Обитают на глубине от 0 до 1830 м. Для алепизавров характерны вертикальные суточные миграции, следуя за пищей, ночью они поднимаются ближе к поверхности. Эти рыбы часто выбрасываются на берега северной части Тихого океана, что связано с периодами похолодания, обусловленными Ла-Ниньа[4]. Также попадают в сети рыбаков как побочный улов при ловле тунца.

Размножение

Исследовано недостаточно. Неполовозрелые особи являются гермафродитами, однако функциональный гермафродитизм у взрослых особей не доказан [5].

Питание

Хищники. В состав рациона входят рыбы, головоногие, оболочники, кальмары, ракообразные, черви.


Примечания

  1. Тупоногов В.Н., Кодолов Л.С. Полевой определитель промысловых и массовых видов рыб дальневосточных морей России. — Русский остров. — Владивосток, 2014. — С. 96. — 336 с. — ISBN 978-5-93577-088-4.
  2. Большеголовый алепизавр (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
  3. Romanov, E.V. and V.V. Zamorov. First record of a yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the stomach of a longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox) // Fish. Bull.. — 2002. — Vol. 100, № 2. — P. 386—389.
  4. Orlov, A.M. and V.A. Ul'chenko. A hypothesis to explain onshore records of long-nose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox (Alepisauridae, Teleostei) in the North Pacific Ocean // Mar. Freshwater Res. — 2002. — Vol. 53, № 2. — P. 303—306.
  5. Smith, C.L. and E.H. Atz. Hermaphroditism in the mesopelagic fishes Omosudis lowei and Alepisaurus ferox // Copeia. — 1973. — Vol. 1973, № 1. — P. 41—44.
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Большеголовый алепизавр: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Большеголовый алепизавр (лат. Alepisaurus ferox) — морская рыба семейства алепизавровых (Alepisauridae).

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長吻帆蜥魚 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Alepisaurus ferox
Lowe, 1833[2]

長吻帆蜥魚学名Alepisaurus ferox),又名帆蜥魚,俗稱狗母長吻鰭槍魚,是帆蜥魚科帆蜥魚屬的模式種,生活於水深約3000公尺以下的海域(通常生活於150至1830公尺之間)。

分布地區

本魚分布極廣,寒帶(最北紀錄於斯瓦巴北部外海)至熱帶海域(最南紀錄於智利南部外海)均有紀錄,包括太平洋大西洋印度洋地中海西西里巴勒摩東北部海域與墨西拿北方海域)、北冰洋等海域[3]

辨識特徵

背鰭具30至45條軟條;臀鰭具13至18條軟條[4]。身體細長且側扁。頭稍扁且略高,尖突。眼與嘴大,口裂延伸至眼後,幾乎達到鰓蓋骨;下頷稍突出,並有一列小孔。尾柄峽小而側扁,兩側各有一脂質突起。牙尖利,但參差不齊,全部齒尖倒向後部。體光滑無鱗,皮很薄,側線明顯,前部位較高,後部成直線向尾部延伸。被其常而高,起點於鰓繷上方,延伸到臀鰭起點上方,鰭條可埋於背溝支中;脂鰭中等大;胸鰭側下位,矛狀;腹鰭小;尾鰭深叉形,上葉部分鰭條延長成絲狀。體背藍青色,體側與腹部銀灰色,有閃光。體長約1.5公尺,最大可長至約2.5公尺。

生態習性

為大洋性表層[5]至中層[6]洄游性魚類,有明顯的晝夜垂直移動特性,白天蟄伏深海,晚間上升到近表層。喜在寒暖流交相會的鋒面處逗留。屬於雌雄同體的魚類,性腺為白色透明的長絲帶狀。性極貪食,往往囫圇吞咽各種中小型餌食,為雜食性魚類,如魚類甲殼類腔腸動物軟體動物頭足類等,都曾在其腸胃發現過。

學術、經濟價值

由於水分多,肉質稀爛,無食用上的價值。另外由於其食性複雜,常可從其腸胃中,發現許多深海的物種,使科學家對於深海物種的研究上,有很大的幫助。

参考文献

  1. ^ Paxton, J.R. Alepisaurus ferox. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012 [16 July 2012].
  2. ^ Richard Thomas Lowe. Description of a new genus of acanthopterygian fishes. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 1833, 1: 123–128.
  3. ^ 見IUCN的[1]分布地圖
  4. ^ Froese, Rainer & Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). Alepisaurus ferox in FishBase. 2011年12月版本
  5. ^ 台湾鱼类资料库. 帆蜥魚.
  6. ^ 岡村収, 尼岡邦夫. 日本の海水魚. 山と渓谷社. 1997. ISBN 4-635-09027-2.

1.《中國名貴─珍稀水中動物》1993年,11月

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長吻帆蜥魚: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

長吻帆蜥魚(学名:Alepisaurus ferox),又名帆蜥魚,俗稱狗母或長吻鰭槍魚,是帆蜥魚科帆蜥魚屬的模式種,生活於水深約3000公尺以下的海域(通常生活於150至1830公尺之間)。

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ミズウオ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
ミズウオ Alepisaurus ferox on deck.jpg
ミズウオ(Alepisaurus ferox
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii 亜綱 : 新鰭亜綱 Neopterygii : ヒメ目 Aulopiformes : ミズウオ科 Alepisauridae : ミズウオ属 Alepisaurus : ミズウオ A. ferox 学名 Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833 英名 Longnose lancetfish

ミズウオ(水魚、学名Alepisaurus ferox)は、ヒメ目ミズウオ科に属する硬骨魚類の一種。海底から離れて生活する、中層遊泳性の深海魚である[1]

分布[編集]

広い生息範囲をもち、北海道以南を含む北太平洋から、インド洋大西洋地中海にかけて分布する。成魚は水深900〜1,500mの深みで暮らす深海魚である[1]

特徴[編集]

深海魚の中では大型の部類で、体長1.5〜2.5mにまで成長する。体は細長く、やや左右に平べったく側扁する。体表にはがなく、銀色の光沢をもつ。他の多くの中層遊泳性深海魚の例とは異なり、発光器はもたない。

背鰭が非常に大きく、体の3分の2を占め、拡げると体よりも大きい。仔魚は比較的小さく、サバなど一般的な魚に似た姿をもつ[1]

目が大きく、(口先)は尖って伸びる。大きな口には鋭い牙を備え、いかつい顔つきを呈する。貪欲な肉食性の魚類で、その大きな口と牙で、深海の他の生物を見境無く丸呑みにする。時には共食いさえも行い、過大な獲物を消化管に詰まらせて死んでしまう例もある[2]。牙は獲物を切り裂くために使われているわけではなく、捕えた獲物を逃がさない檻のような役目を果たしている。

筋肉には水分と脂肪分が多量に含まれ、煮たり焼いたりすると水分が抜けて肉が縮み、溶けてしまうかのようになる。[3]「ミズウオ」という名前の由来はここからきており、普通は食用としての価値はほとんどない[1]が、比較的新鮮な個体を生のまま醤油漬けにして食べると、こんにゃくのような味がするという。(動物の世界26巻 1979)

類似種[編集]

 src=
ミズウオダマシ属の1種 Anotopterus sp. (ハダカエソ科)。ミズウオダマシ類はミズウオと似た体つきをしているが、所属する科は異なる。本種は2008年に発見され、新種と考えられている[4]

ミズウオ科には2属3種が含まれる[5]。また、同じヒメ目のハダカエソ科Paralepididae[6]に所属するミズウオダマシ属のミズウオダマシがいる。ミズウオと似ているが、ミズウオとは違い背鰭はない。牙はやや前向きで吻はより長く、下顎がやや長く突き出ているところが特徴である。

日本の北陸地方では、ノロゲンゲBothrocara hollandi)を「ミズウオ」とも呼び郷土料理の食材として用いるが[7]、ノロゲンゲはスズキ目の魚類でミズウオとの類縁関係は遠い。

深海汚染の指標[編集]

ミズウオは深海で生活しているが、表層水温の下がる夜間や冬季には浅海に上がってくることもある[2]。弱った個体が浜辺に打ち上げられ、新聞やニュースなどで話題となることがある。

ミズウオはマグロ延縄にかかることもあるなど、深海魚としては比較的目に付く機会は多い。浜辺に打ち上げられたり、捕獲されたりしたミズウオのからは、丸呑みされた他の深海魚など貴重な標本が得られることもある[8]。近年では、ミズウオの胃の中からビニール袋などのプラスチック製品がしばしば見つかっている[8]。貪欲な性質によって飲み込まれた消化できない化学製品が、本種を衰弱させている可能性がある[2]。人間が投棄したゴミがどれだけ海を汚しているのかという、海洋汚染の実態を知る上で重要な標本となり得る。

出典・脚注[編集]

  1. ^ a b c d 『日本の海水魚』 p.115
  2. ^ a b c 『深海生物ファイル』 pp.118-119
  3. ^ 超新食感!浜辺で拾える深海魚「ミズウオ」を食べる(平坂 寛) デイリーポータルZ 2013.02.05
  4. ^ NZ IPY-CAML Voyage 2008 (英語)
  5. ^ 『Fishes of the World Fourth Edition』 p.221
  6. ^ 独立のミズウオダマシ科 Anotopteridae として分類されることもある。
  7. ^ ノロゲンゲ”. 市場魚貝類図鑑. ^ a b 『深海魚 暗黒街のモンスターたち』 p.84

関連項目[編集]

参考文献[編集]

外部リンク[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ミズウオに関するカテゴリがあります。

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wikipedia 日本語

ミズウオ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

ミズウオ(水魚、学名:Alepisaurus ferox)は、ヒメ目ミズウオ科に属する硬骨魚類の一種。海底から離れて生活する、中層遊泳性の深海魚である。

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돛란도어 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

돛란도어(학명: Alepisaurus ferox)는 홍메치목 란도어과어류로 최대 몸길이 2m 이상에 몸 무게가 4.5kg인 대형 어류이다.

특징과 먹이

돛란도어는 등지르러미가 매우 솟구치고 날카로운 특징이 있으며 비늘의 옆줄이 선명하고 배지느러미는 두 쌍으로 나있는 것이 특징이다. 몸은 대체로 은백색을 띄지만 때에 따라 옆줄의 위쪽이 녹색을 띄는 경우도 있으며 이빨이 매우 날카롭게 나있다. 일본어로는 ミズウオ라는 명칭으로도 불리며 먹이로는 갑각류 어류 오징어문어두족류를 섭취한다.

심해어 중 대형에 속하며 몸길이는 1.5~2.5m까지 성장한다. 몸은 가늘고 길며 아가미가 보이지 않는다. 등지라미가 매우 큰데 몸의 반 이상을 차지할 정도이다. 치어의 경우 지느러미가 작아 일반적인 고등어 등의 물고기와 닮아 있다.[1]

서식지

돛란도어는 태평양의 서부와 동부랑 대서양의 서부와 동부에 주로 서식하며 수심 1~1829m에 주로 서식하는 심해어이다. 계절에 따라 얕은 연안에도 올라오며 온대해역에 광범위하게 분포한다.[2]

각주

  1. 《일본의 해수어》155쪽
  2. 《일본의 해수어》155쪽
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Diet

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Fishes, cephalopods, tunicates and crustaceans

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Distribution

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Greenland southward to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico; Georges and LaHave Banks

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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Epi- and mesopelagic, from near the surface to below 1,000 m, sometimes approaching inshore waters.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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nektonic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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Known from seamounts and knolls

Reference

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.

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