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İravadi delfinləri ( Azerbaijani )

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İravadi delfinləri (lat. Orcaella) — Delfinlər (Delphinidae) fəsiləsinə daxil olan cins.

Nümayəndələri

2005-ci ilə qədər monotip cins hesab edilirdi. Sonradan isə Avstraliya dikburun delfini[1] cinsə daxil edilmişdir.

Yayılması

Bu cinsə daxil növlər əsasən Hind okeanında Benqal körfəzindən Avstraliyanın şimal sahillərinə qədər olan ərazilərdə yayılmışdır.

İstinadlar

  1. Beasley I., Robertson K. M., Arnold P. W. Description of a new dolphin, the Australian Snubfin Dolphin Orcaella heinsohni sp. n. (Cetacea, Delphinidae) // Marine Mammal Science. — Vol. 21, № 3. — P. 365—400. — DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01239.x.
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İravadi delfinləri: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijani )

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İravadi delfinləri (lat. Orcaella) — Delfinlər (Delphinidae) fəsiləsinə daxil olan cins.

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Orcaella ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Orcaella és un gènere de dofins, que durant molt de temps es pensà que era monotípic, contenint només el cap d'olla de l'Irauadi. Tanmateix, el 2005 una anàlisi genètica demostrà que Orcaella heinsohni és una segona espècie estretament relacionada amb el cap d'olla de l'Irauadi. Anàlisis moleculars recents indiquen que el gènere Orcaella està estretament relacionat amb l'orca, del gènere Orcinus i que juntament formen la subfamília dels orcinins (Orcininae).

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Orcaella Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  • LeDuc, R.G.; Perrin, W.F.; Dizon, A.E. (1999). Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences. Marine Mammal Science 15, 619–648.
  • May-Collado, L.; Agnarsson, I. (2006). Cytochrome b and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38, 344–354.
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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Orcaella és un gènere de dofins, que durant molt de temps es pensà que era monotípic, contenint només el cap d'olla de l'Irauadi. Tanmateix, el 2005 una anàlisi genètica demostrà que Orcaella heinsohni és una segona espècie estretament relacionada amb el cap d'olla de l'Irauadi. Anàlisis moleculars recents indiquen que el gènere Orcaella està estretament relacionat amb l'orca, del gènere Orcinus i que juntament formen la subfamília dels orcinins (Orcininae).

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Orcaella ( German )

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Orcaella ist eine Gattung der Delfine (Delphinidae). Zu der Gattung gehören zwei Arten, der Irawadidelfin (Orcaella brevirostris), der an den Küsten des tropischen Südostasien von der Küste des Golfs von Bengalen bis zu den Großen Sundainseln vorkommt, und der Australische Stupsfinnendelfin (Orcaella heinsohni), der östlich davon an den Küsten Neuguineas und des nördlichen Australien beheimatet ist. Der Stupsfinnendelfin galt ursprünglich als Population des Irawadidelfins und wurde erst 2005 neu beschrieben.

Merkmale

Beide Delfinarten werden etwa 2,70 Meter lang, sind fast einheitlich grau gefärbt, mit einer helleren Bauchseite, ohne schnabelartig verlängerter Schnauze und ähneln damit eher den Schweinswalen (Phocoenidae). Vom Glattschweinswal (Neophocaena phocaenoides), der im selben Gebiet vorkommt wie der Irawadidelfin, lässt sich letzterer durch das Vorhandensein einer kleinen Finne unterscheiden, die dem Glattschweinswal fehlt.

Das Kopfprofil beider Arten ist abgerundet und wird durch die große, runde Melone geprägt. Die Mundwinkel sind hochgebogen, so dass der Eindruck eines „Lächelns“ entsteht. Kopf und Körper sind oft durch eine auffällige Nackenfurche getrennt.

Die Finne beider Arten sitzt auf der Rückenmitte, ist kräftig, aber nicht besonders hoch. Bei beiden Orcaella-Arten ist der Hinterrand der Finne oft beschädigt. Die Flipper sind spatelförmig, der Vorderrand gebogen, die Spitze abgerundet. Die Fluke ist klein, an der konkaven Hinterkante in der Mitte gekerbt und hat spitze Enden.

Lebensweise

Während der Stupsfinnendelfin küstennah nur im Meer vorkommt, lebt der Irawadidelfin auch in Süßgewässern und wurde im Irrawaddy 1500 km stromaufwärts und im Mekong 690 km von der Mündung entfernt angetroffen. Auch in Kalimantan gibt es Populationen in Flüssen und Seen über 500 km landeinwärts. Beide Arten leben in kleinen Gruppen, sind scheu und im Vergleich mit anderen Delfinen nicht besonders aktive Tiere.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( German )

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Orcaella ist eine Gattung der Delfine (Delphinidae). Zu der Gattung gehören zwei Arten, der Irawadidelfin (Orcaella brevirostris), der an den Küsten des tropischen Südostasien von der Küste des Golfs von Bengalen bis zu den Großen Sundainseln vorkommt, und der Australische Stupsfinnendelfin (Orcaella heinsohni), der östlich davon an den Küsten Neuguineas und des nördlichen Australien beheimatet ist. Der Stupsfinnendelfin galt ursprünglich als Population des Irawadidelfins und wurde erst 2005 neu beschrieben.

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Orcaella

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The snubfin dolphins (Orcaella) are a genus of cetaceans containing two members: the Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) and the Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni). The genus was long believed to be monotypic with the only species being the Irrawaddy dolphin; however, in 2005, supposed Irrawaddy dolphin populations inhabiting the Australian/New Guinean regions were found to be significantly different and were declared a separate new species named the Australian snubfin dolphin.

Taxonomy and evolution

Until 2005, Orcaella brevirostris was the only recognized species in the genus Orcaella. However, comparisons within the populations of Orcaella inhabiting the Asia region and populations inhabiting the Australia/New Guinea region show distinctions in habitat, morphology, and genetics.[2] Morphological differences include skull shape, presence or absence of a median dorsal groove in front of the dorsal fin, height of dorsal fin, and coloration. Genetic analysis constitutes a 5.9% difference between the two populations.[3] In 2005, these significant distinctions considered by Beasley, Arnold and Robertson warranted a taxonomic split of the genus Orcaella into two separate species, Orcaella brevirostris and Orcaella heinsohni. Orcaella brevirostris known as the Irrawaddy dolphin consists of the Asian population. The newly recognized species, known as the Australian snubfin dolphin, consists of the Australian/New Guinea population.[4]

The snubfin dolphins (Orcaella) contain two of the 35 species of oceanic dolphins that make up the Cetacean family of Delphinidae.[5] The phylogenetic status of Orcaella has long been confused. Although the snubfin dolphins share similar external features with the Monodontidae (narwhal),[2] a genetic study conducted by Arnason and Gretarsdottir identified the 'Irrawaddy dolphin' as a delphinid. In their study, phylogenetic information obtained from a highly repetitive DNA (hrDNA) component characteristic of all cetaceans show that Orcaella share close relationships with the Delphinidae rather than the Monodontidae.[6]

Some molecular analyses indicate that the genus Orcaella is closely related to the orca of the genus Orcinus, the two of them together forming the subfamily Orcininae.[7][8] However, more recent studies have firmly found that Orcaella belongs in the Globicephalinae.[9]

Habitat

Irrawaddy dolphins are mainly found in shallow and coastal waters in the Indo-West Pacific region.[10] The Range of their presence stretches from the Bay of Bengal to the northeastern Australian Coast.[10] One of their most common habitats are in the Mekong River of southern Laos, Ranging from the Khone Falls all the way to the Cambodian Border.[11] Much of the data on the Irrawaddy dolphins of this region is collected by the Lao shore, where they are sighted daily during the dry season supposedly due to the importance of deep-water pools in the area.[11] Their geographic range also extends to the coasts of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia with some even being restricted to freshwater environments such as certain bodies of water in India and Thailand.[12] They are known to stay relatively close to the shore, with most sightings being as close 1.6 kilometers off the shoreline and as far as 5 kilometers.[12]

Population

In the western Gulf of Carpentaria in Australia, an estimate of one thousand specimens were calculated, though this number may be incorrect due to the lack of visibility when looking into the water and the unpredictable movement patterns of the dolphins.[10] These dolphins form small groups of around ten, with information leading researchers to believe that they only occur in small, localized populations, rather than large groups that travel together. In spite of this, it is difficult to specifically designate a number for their population due to outstanding factors such as the large lack of data and human interference.[10]

Characteristics

Irrawaddy dolphin

The Irrawaddy dolphin shares similar physical characteristics with the beluga whale, but its genetic makeup ties the Irrawaddy dolphin and the killer whale as close relatives of one another.[13] Irrawaddy dolphins have a slate blue to a slate gray color and their bodies can grow up to 180-275 centimeters in length.[14]

Irrawaddy dolphins eat fish and crustaceans and are rarely found by themselves. They are usually found in groups of around ten dolphins.[14] These dolphins swim rather slowly while scouting for areas. They will raise their heads above the water and continue to swim around to familiarize themselves with their surroundings.[12]

Australian snubfin dolphin

Australian snubfin dolphins are very similar to the Irrawaddy dolphins, however, while the bodies of Irrawaddy dolphins are two-colored, the bodies of Australian snubfins are three-colored.[15] Australian snubfins can vary in color from a gray to a blue-gray. Their white underside, including the belly and genitals, helps in distinguishing them from the Irrawaddy dolphins.[15] The Australian snubfins do not have a beak, but their necks, like the necks of Irrawaddy dolphins, are very flexible which leave creases or wrinkles behind their heads.[15] Australian snubfins are shy and tend to stay away from boats.[16] The skulls and fins of Australian snubfins also have slight variations from the Irrawaddy dolphins. Similar to the Irrawaddy, the Australian snubfins feed on fish and fish eggs, crustaceans, and cephalopods.[16]

The bodies of the female Australian snubfin dolphins can grow up to 2.3m while the male bodies can grow up to 2.7m. Like the Irrawaddy dolphins, the Australian snubfins can weigh up to 130 kg.[17]

Australian snubfins usually group together in schools of up to fifteen dolphins. Unlike the Irrawaddy dolphins, Australian snubfins can be found traveling alone. Usually the average school of Australian snubfins consists of five dolphins.[18] These groups of Australian snubfins are found along Australia's north coast from the Kimberley National Marine Park in Western Australia to the Gladstone region of Queensland and can be spotted in the waters of Papua New Guinea.[19]

Conservation

Irrawaddy dolphin

In 2008, the IUCN Red List changed its assessment of the Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) from data deficient to vulnerable. Currently, five out of the seven sub-populations of Irrawaddy dolphin are categorized as critically endangered. The species was given the status due to the low sizes of sub-populations, significant range declines, and threats to the species continue to be documented, unsustainable and severe.[20]

Threats

Irrawaddy dolphins inhabit freshwater environments making them subject to anthropogenic threats. They include mortality from bycatch (specifically gillnets); habitat degradation caused by: dams, deforestation, and mining; contact with vessels; and capture for live aquarium display. Irrawaddy dolphin have also been hunted in the past in certain areas including the Mekong and Mahakam Rivers.[20] Other potential threats include noise pollution in nearby cities and the possibility of mass pathogen induced mortalities.[2]

Conservation

The action plan for the Conservation of Irrawaddy dolphins provides detail on strategies to alleviate the bycatch problem and considers that protection of certain areas of freshwater Irrawaddy dolphin populations can be an effective method of conservation.[20]

Australian snubfin dolphin

After the species of Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) was declared a new species in 2005, the species was categorized as near threatened on the IUCN Red List in 2008. Although data of population structure and population trends is limited, the species was categorized as near threatened rather than data deficient. This is due to species' small population size (fewer than 10,000 mature individuals), limited range, low densities, and the species' vulnerability to bycatch. After more conclusive data is collected, a reassessment of the species has the potential to be categorized as either vulnerable or endangered.[21]

Threats

Due to its occurrence in the close proximity to the Australian/New Guinean shore, the Australian snubfin dolphin is threatened by anthropogenic causes. A significant number of Australian snubfin dolphins are killed by anti-shark nets used to protect bathers and inshore gill-nets embedded across creeks and rivers. However, compared to the Irrawaddy dolphin, the Australian snubfin dolphins have fewer cases of habitat degradation.[21]

Conservation actions

Regulations have been set in order to mitigate bycatch, however net attendance rules and gear modifications are hardly enforced.[21]

References

  1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c Ross, G. J. (2006). Review of the conservation status of Australia's smaller whales and dolphins. Department of the Environment and Water Resources.
  3. ^ Beasley, I., Robertson, K. M. and Arnold, P.. 2006. Description of a New Dolphin, the Australian Snubfin Dolphin Orcaella heinsohni sp. n. (Cetacea, Delphinidae). Marine Mammal Science 21: 365 -400
  4. ^ Beasley, Isabel L. (2007). Conservation of the Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray, 1866) in the Mekong River: biological and social considerations influencing management. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
  5. ^ Evans, Peter G.H. (1984). Macdonald, D., ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 180–185. ISBN 0-87196-871-1
  6. ^ Arnason U., Gretarsdottir S.. 1992. Evolution of the common cetacean highly repetitive DNA component and the systematic position of Orcaella brevirostris. Journal of Molecular Evolution 34: 201-208.
  7. ^ LeDuc, R.G., Perrin, W.F., Dizon, A.E. (1999). Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences. Marine Mammal Science 15, 619–648.
  8. ^ May-Collado, L., Agnarsson, I. (2006). Cytochrome b and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38, 344-354.
  9. ^ McGowen, Michael R; Tsagkogeorga, Georgia; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; dos Reis, Mario; Struebig, Monika; Deaville, Robert; Jepson, Paul D; Jarman, Simon; Polanowski, Andrea; Morin, Phillip A; Rossiter, Stephen J (2019-10-21). "Phylogenomic Resolution of the Cetacean Tree of Life Using Target Sequence Capture". Systematic Biology. 69 (3): 479–501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068. ISSN 1063-5157. PMC 7164366. PMID 31633766.
  10. ^ a b c d Parra, Guldo J., Chieko Azuma, Anthony R. Preen, and Helen Marsh. "Distribution of Irrawaddy Dolphins, Orcaella brevirostris, in Australian Waters." Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine Google Scholar. N.p., n.d. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  11. ^ a b Stacey, Pam J., and Glen T. Hvenegaard."Habitat Use and Behavior of Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the Mekong River of Laos." Google Scholar. N.p., n.d. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  12. ^ a b c Koss, Melissa, Lucretia Mahan, and Sam Merrill. "Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin." Google Scholar. N.p., n.d. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  13. ^ Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Wildscreen Arkive (2013). Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  14. ^ a b Irrawaddy dolphin. World Wildlife Fund: panda.org (2013). Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  15. ^ a b c Beasley, I., K. Robertson, P. Arnold. 2005. Description of a New Dolphin, The Australian Snubfin Dolphin Orcaella heinsohni sp. n. (Cetacea, Delphinidae). Marine Mammal Science, 21/3: 365-400. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  16. ^ a b "Australian Snubfin Dolphins, Orcaella heinsohni ~ MarineBio.org". MarineBio Conservation Society. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  17. ^ Robertson KM, Arnold PW (2009) Australian snubfin dolphin Orcaella heinsohni. In: Encyclopedia of marine mammals (Perrin WF, Würsig B, Thewissen JGM, eds.) Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 62-64.
  18. ^ Parra, G.J. (2005). Behavioural ecology of Irrawaddy, Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray, 1866), and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765), in northeast Queensland, Australia: a comparative study. Ph.D. Thesis. Townsville: James Cook University. Referenced on: Orcaella heinsohni — Australian Snubfin Dolphin. Biodiversity: Species Profile and Threats Database. Australian Government: Department of the Environment. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  19. ^ Case, A. (2011, June 8). "Snubfin dolphins face extinction" Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Australian Geographic Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  20. ^ a b c Reeves, R.R., Jefferson, T.A., Karczmarski, L., Laidre, K., O'Corry-Crowe, G., Rojas-Bracho, L., Secchi, E.R., Slooten, E., Smith, B.D., Wang, J.Y. & Zhou, K. 2008. Orcaella brevirostris. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  21. ^ a b c Reeves, R.R., Jefferson, T.A., Karczmarski, L., Laidre, K., O'Corry-Crowe, G., Rojas-Bracho, L., Secchi, E.R., Slooten, E., Smith, B.D., Wang, J.Y. & Zhou, K. 2008. Orcaella heinsohni. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 23 October 2013
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Orcaella: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The snubfin dolphins (Orcaella) are a genus of cetaceans containing two members: the Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) and the Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni). The genus was long believed to be monotypic with the only species being the Irrawaddy dolphin; however, in 2005, supposed Irrawaddy dolphin populations inhabiting the Australian/New Guinean regions were found to be significantly different and were declared a separate new species named the Australian snubfin dolphin.

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Orcaella ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Orcaella es un género de cetáceos odontocetos de la familia Delphinidae que cuenta con dos especies. Hasta el año 2005, se pensaba que este género solo poseía una especie, el delfín beluga de Heinsohn, pero análisis de ADN comprobaron la existencia de una segunda especie, el delfín beluga del río Irrawaddy.

Especies

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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Orcaella es un género de cetáceos odontocetos de la familia Delphinidae que cuenta con dos especies. Hasta el año 2005, se pensaba que este género solo poseía una especie, el delfín beluga de Heinsohn, pero análisis de ADN comprobaron la existencia de una segunda especie, el delfín beluga del río Irrawaddy.

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Orcaella ( Basque )

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Orcaella Delphinidae familiako zetazeoen genero bat da. Bi espezie ditu barnean:

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Orcaella Delphinidae familiako zetazeoen genero bat da. Bi espezie ditu barnean:

Orcaella brevirostris Orcaella heinsohni (RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Orcaella ( French )

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Orcaella est un genre de dauphins, longtemps considéré comme monotypique, il ne comprenait qu'une seule espèce : le dauphin de l'Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris). Toutefois, en 2005, l'analyse génétique a montré que le dauphin à aileron retroussé d'Australie (Orcaella heinsohni) est une seconde espèce étroitement liée à Orcella. De récentes analyses moléculaires indiquent que le genre Orcaella est étroitement lié à l'Orque, les deux étant de la sous-famille des Orcininae.

Liste des espèces

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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( French )

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Orcaella est un genre de dauphins, longtemps considéré comme monotypique, il ne comprenait qu'une seule espèce : le dauphin de l'Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris). Toutefois, en 2005, l'analyse génétique a montré que le dauphin à aileron retroussé d'Australie (Orcaella heinsohni) est une seconde espèce étroitement liée à Orcella. De récentes analyses moléculaires indiquent que le genre Orcaella est étroitement lié à l'Orque, les deux étant de la sous-famille des Orcininae.

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Orcaella ( Galician )

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Orcaella é un xénero de cetáceos odontocetos da familia dos delfínidos que durante moito tempo foi considerado como monotípico, xa que non comprendía máis que unha soa especie, Orcaella brevirostris, coñecida na bibliografía internacional como golfiño do río Irrawaddy ou golfiño beluga (isto último debido á súa cor moi clara).

Porén, en 2005, a análise xenética demostrou que existe unha segunda especie, Orcaella heinsohni estreitamente ligada e ela.

Recentes análises moleculares indican que o xénro Orcaella está estreitamente emparentado con Orcinus (a candorca), polo que algúns autores xúntanos da mesma subfamilia, a dos orcininos, mentres que outros os manteñen en subfamilias separadas.

O xénero foi definido en 1866 por John Edward Gray, en Cat. Seals Whales Brit. Mus.: 285.[1]

Taxonomía

Gray, en 1866, definiu este cetáceo como un subxénero de Orca: Orca (Orcaella), cuxo tipo sería Orca (Orcaella) brevirostris, que foi considerado monofilético por Geisler et al. en 2011.[2]

Foi reclasificado como Orcaella por Gray en 1868 e 1870, Gill en 1871, Palmer en 1904, Weber en 1928, Simpson en 1945, Ellerman e Morrisson-Scott en 1951, Fraser e Purves en 1960, Scheffer e Rice en 1963, Kasuya en 1973, de Muizon en 1988, McKenna e Bell en 1997, LeDuc et al. en 1999, Fordyce e de Muizon en 2001, Buchholtz e Schur en 2004, Mead e Brownell en 2005, Agnarsson e May-Collado en 2008 e Geisler et al. en 2011.[3]

E foi asignado á Orca por Gray en 1866; a Delphinina por Gray en 1868; a Delphininae por Gill en 1871, Weber en 1928 e Scheffer e Rice en 1963; a Globicephalinae por de Muizon en 1988; a Orcaellidae por Kasuya en 1973 e McKenna e Bell en 1997; a Orcininae por LeDuc et al. en
1999, Fordyce e de Muizon en 2001 e Buchholtz Schur en 2004; a Orcini por Fraser e Purves en 1960 e Agnarsson e May-Collado en 2008; e a Delphinidae por Gray en 1870, Palmer en 1904, Simpson en 1945, Ellerman e Morrisson-Scott en 1951, Rice en 1998, Mead e Brownell en 2005 e Geisler et al. en 2011.[3]

O xénero consta na actualidade de dúas especies:[4][5]

Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 Orcaella Gray, 1866 en: Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (eds.) (2005): Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. J. H. Geisler, M. R. McGowen, G. Yang e J. Gatesy (2011): "A supermatrix analysis of genomic, morphological, and paleontological data from crown Cetacea. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 (112): 1-33.
  3. 3,0 3,1 Paleobiology Database.
  4. Orcaella Gray, 1866 en ITIS.
  5. Orcaella Gray, 1866 en WoRMS.

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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Galician )

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Orcaella é un xénero de cetáceos odontocetos da familia dos delfínidos que durante moito tempo foi considerado como monotípico, xa que non comprendía máis que unha soa especie, Orcaella brevirostris, coñecida na bibliografía internacional como golfiño do río Irrawaddy ou golfiño beluga (isto último debido á súa cor moi clara).

Porén, en 2005, a análise xenética demostrou que existe unha segunda especie, Orcaella heinsohni estreitamente ligada e ela.

Recentes análises moleculares indican que o xénro Orcaella está estreitamente emparentado con Orcinus (a candorca), polo que algúns autores xúntanos da mesma subfamilia, a dos orcininos, mentres que outros os manteñen en subfamilias separadas.

O xénero foi definido en 1866 por John Edward Gray, en Cat. Seals Whales Brit. Mus.: 285.

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Pesut ( Indonesian )

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Pesut atau lumba-lumba air tawar adalah genus (marga) mamalia air yang menghuni wilayah perairan tawar di India, Indocina, Filipina, Kalimantan dan Australia.

Nama dan sejarah taksonomi

Tidak ada catatan fosil. Pesut pertama kali dideskripsikan oleh Sir Richard Owen tahun 1866 berdasarkan satu spesiemen yang ditemukan tahun 1852, di pelabuhan Vishakhapatnum di pantai timur India.[1] Pesut adalah hewan yang tergabung dalam genus Orcaella. Kadang-kadang pesut terdaftar dalam beragam famili yang terdiri dari ia sendiri dan pada Monodontidae dan dalam Delphinapteridae. Sekarang ada persetujuan bahwa pesut termasuk famili Delphinidae.

Secara genetis, pesut berhubungan dekat dengan seguni. Nama spesies brevirostris berasal dari bahasa Latin yang berarti berparuh pendek. Tahun 2005, analisis genetik menunjukkan bahwa lumba-lumba sirip pendek Australia merupakan spesies kedua dari genus Orcaella.

Seluruh tubuh berwarna kelabu hingga biru tua, bagian bawahnya berwarna lebih pucat. Tidak ada pola yang khas. Sirip punggung kecil dan membulat di tengah punggung. Dahinya tinggi dan membulat; tidak bermoncong. Sirip tangan lebar membulat. Spesies di Kalimantan yang mirip adalah Porpoise tak bersirip, Neophocaena phocaenoides, mirip tetapi tidak punya sirip punggung: lumba-lumba bungkuk, Sausa chinensis, lebih besar, moncong lebih panjang dan sirip punggung lebih besar.[1]

Dalam berbagai bahasa Orcaella brevirostris (nama Latin) adalah: Inggris: Irrawaddy dolphin, Dialek lokal Chilika: Baslnyya Magaratau Bhuasuni Magar (lumba-lumba penghasil minyak), Oriya: Khem dan Khera[1], Prancis: Orcelle, Spanyol: Delfín del Irrawaddy, Jerman: Irrawadi Delphin, Burma: Labai, Indonesia: Pesut, Melayu: Lumbalumba, Khmer: Ph’sout, Lao: Pha’ka and Filipino: Lampasut.[2] Dalam bahasa Thai, salah satu namanya adalah pía loma hooa baht, karena kepalanya yang membundar dianggap menyerupai mangkuk rahib Budhha, hooa baht.[3]

 src=
Kawanan Pesut yang sedang berenang

Deskripsi

Penampilan pesut mirip dengan beluga, meski lebih berkerabat dengan orka. Spesies ini mempunyai melon (jaringan berlemak dan berminyak di kepala). Moncongnya tidak khas. Sirip punggung yang terletak dua pertiga posterior di punggung, pendek, tumpul, dan segitiga. Sirip tangan panjang dan lebar. Secara keseluruhan ia berwarna cerah, namun lebih putih di bawah tubuh daripada di punggung. Pesut dewasa beratnya lebih dari 130 kg dan panjangnya 2,3 m psaat dewasa. Panjang maksimum yang tercatat adalah jantan 2,75 m dari Thailand.[3]

Perkembangbiakan

Lumba-lumba ini dianggap mencapai kedewasaan seksual pada 7 sampai 9 tahun. Di belahan bumi utara, perkawinan dilaporkan berlangsung pada bulan Desember sampai Juni. Masa hamilnya 14 bulan, melahirkan seekor anak setiap 2 hingga 3 tahun. Saat lahir panjangnya 1 m dan beratnya 10 kg. Anak itu disapih setelah berumur dua tahun. Umur pesut dapat mencapai 30 tahun.


Lihat Pula

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b c Sinha, R.K. (May–Aug 2004). "THE IRRAWADDY DOLPHINS ORCAELLA OF CHILIKA LAGOON, INDIA'" (PDF). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Mumbai, India: online edition: Environmental Information System (ENVIS), Annamalai University, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India. 101 ((2)): 244–251.Pemeliharaan CS1: Format tanggal (link)
  2. ^ "PROPOSAL FOR INCLUSION OF SPECIES ON THE APPENDICES OF THE CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS" (PDF). PROPOSALS. ENEP/CMS. 2008-8-27. Diakses tanggal 2008-12-26. Periksa nilai tanggal di: |date= (bantuan)
  3. ^ a b Stacey, Pam J. (1999-5-5). "Orcaella brevirostris" (PDF). Mammalian Species. American Society of Mammalogists (616): 1–8. Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan); Periksa nilai tanggal di: |date= (bantuan)
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Pesut: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Pesut atau lumba-lumba air tawar adalah genus (marga) mamalia air yang menghuni wilayah perairan tawar di India, Indocina, Filipina, Kalimantan dan Australia.

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Orcaella ( Italian )

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Orcaella è un genere di Cetacei Odontoceti della famiglia Delphinidae.

Tassonomia

Per lungo tempo l'unica specie nota è stata l'orcella asiatica (Orcaella brevirostris). Nel 2005 analisi genetiche hanno mostrato che l'orcella australiana (Orcaella heinsohni) è una seconda specie strettamente imparentata con O. brevirostris. Recenti analisi molecolari indicano inoltre che il genere Orcaella è strettamente imparentato con le orche del genere Orcinus, formando così con essa la sottofamiglia Orcininae.

Bibliografia

  • LeDuc, R.G., Perrin, W.F., Dizon, A.E. (1999). Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences. Marine Mammal Science 15, 619–648.
  • May-Collado, L., Agnarsson, I. (2006). Cytochrome b and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38, 344-354.

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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Orcaella è un genere di Cetacei Odontoceti della famiglia Delphinidae.

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Orcaella ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Orcaella is een geslacht van walvissen uit de familie van de dolfijnen.

Soorten

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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Orcaella is een geslacht van walvissen uit de familie van de dolfijnen.

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Oreczka ( Polish )

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Oreczka[3] (Orcaella) – rodzaj ssaka z rodziny delfinowatych (Delphinidae).

Morfologia

Długość ciała 1,46-2,75 m, masa ciała 114-133 kg[4].

Występowanie

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące we wschodnim Oceanie Indyjskim i zachodnio-środkowym Pacyfiku[5].

Systematyka

Nazewnictwo

Nazwa rodzajowa jest zdrobnieniem nazwy rodzaju Orca J. E. Gray, 1846[6].

Gatunek typowy

Orca (Orcaella) brevirostris Owen w: J. E. Gray, 1866

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[3][5]:

Przypisy

  1. Orcaella, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. J. E. Gray: Catalogue of seals and whales in the British Museum. Londyn: The Trustees, 1866, s. 285. (ang.)
  3. a b Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 188. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. Taxon Information (ang.). W: Animal Diversity Web [on-line]. Museum of Zoology University of Michigan. [dostęp 2015-09-13].
  5. a b Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Orcaella. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2015-09-13]
  6. T. S. Palmer: Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. Waszyngton: Government Printing Office, 1904, s. 478, seria: North American Fauna. (ang.)
  7. I. Beasley, K. M. Robertson, P. Arnold. Description of a new dolphin, the Australian snubfin dolphin Orcaella heinsohni sp. n. (Cetacea, Delphinidae). „Marine Mammal Science”. 21 (3), s. 365-400, 25 sierpnia 2005. Society for Marine Mammalogy. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01239.x.
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Oreczka: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Oreczka (Orcaella) – rodzaj ssaka z rodziny delfinowatych (Delphinidae).

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Orcaella ( Portuguese )

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Orcaella é um gênero de golfinhos encontrado nas águas costeiras do Sudeste asiático, Indonésia, Nova Guiné e no norte da Austrália.

Espécies

Referências

  • MEAD, J. G.; BROWNELL, R. L. (2005). Order Cetacea. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3ª edição. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 723-743.
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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Orcaella é um gênero de golfinhos encontrado nas águas costeiras do Sudeste asiático, Indonésia, Nova Guiné e no norte da Austrália.

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Orcaella ( Swedish )

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Orcaella[1] är ett släkte av däggdjur som ingår i familjen delfiner (Delphinidae).[1]


Arter enligt Catalogue of Life[1] och IUCN[2]:

Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (9 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/orcaella/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ Orcaella på IUCN:s rödlista, läst 4 oktober 2015.

Externa länkar

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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Orcaella är ett släkte av däggdjur som ingår i familjen delfiner (Delphinidae).


Arter enligt Catalogue of Life och IUCN:

Irrawadidelfin (Orcaella brevirostris), förekommer vid kusterna i Sydostasien, den hittas även i kustnära floder. Orcaella heinsohni, lever i havet norr om Australien och besöker likaså floder.
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Orcaella ( Ukrainian )

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У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Іраваді (значення).

Orcaella (Іравадійські дельфіни) — рід ссавців родини дельфінових, що налічує 2 види.

Морфологія

Довжиною близько 2,70 метра, майже рівномірно сірого кольору, зі світлішою черевною стороною. Рило витягнуте і нагадує Phocoenidae. Від Neophocaena phocaenoides, який мешкає в тій же області відрізняються наявністю невеликого плавця. Голови округлені. Кути рота загнуті вгору, так що створюється враження "посмішки".

Поширення

Поведінка

Ці дельфіни живуть в теплих, тропічних і часто мулистих водах. Регулярно входить у річки, був записаний на 1440 км вгору по Іраваді, і може постійно жити в прісній воді. Часто супроводжує річкові пароплави. Дихає з інтервалом 70-150 секунд. Дієта складається з риби і ракоподібних, які часто зустрічається на дні. Хоча групи, як правило, складаються не більше ніж з 10 тварин, одиночні особини зустрічаються рідко. Плаває навколо човна колами які все скорочуються, тим самим змушуючи рибу потрапити в мережі. Рибалки діляться своїм уловом. Ці дельфіни іноді виловлюються випадково.

Життєвий цикл

Парування, як повідомляється, відбуваються з березня по червень, період вагітності, оцінюється в 14 місяців; в полоні новонароджені були 96 см в довжину і важили 12,3 кг, почали їсти тверду їжу у 6 місяців, і повністю віднімаються від годування молоком на 2 роки. Статева зрілість може бути досягнута в 4-6 років, довговічність може бути близько 30 років.

Джерела


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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Іраваді (значення).

Orcaella (Іравадійські дельфіни) — рід ссавців родини дельфінових, що налічує 2 види.

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Orcaella ( Vietnamese )

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Orcaella là một chi động vật có vú trong họ Delphinidae, bộ Cetacea. Chi này được Gray miêu tả năm 1866.[1] Loài điển hình của chi này là Orca (Orcaella) brevirostris Owen in Gray, 1866.

Các loài

Chi này gồm các loài:

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Orcaella”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Orcaella tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Cá voi (Cetacea) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Orcaella: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Orcaella là một chi động vật có vú trong họ Delphinidae, bộ Cetacea. Chi này được Gray miêu tả năm 1866. Loài điển hình của chi này là Orca (Orcaella) brevirostris Owen in Gray, 1866.

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Иравадийские дельфины ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Подотряд: Зубатые киты
Семейство: Дельфиновые
Род: Иравадийские дельфины
Международное научное название

Orcaella Gray, 1866

Виды Ареал

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ITIS 180470NCBI 48746EOL 42366FW 103938

Иравади́йские дельфи́ны или орцеллы (лат. Orcaella) — род водных млекопитающих семейства дельфиновых (Delphinidae).

Представители

Долгое время род считался монотипическим — до 2005 года, когда был выделен вид австралийский курносый дельфин[1].

Распространение

Обитает в прибрежных водах Индийского океана от Бенгальского залива до севера Австралии.

Примечания

  1. Beasley I., Robertson K. M., Arnold P. W. Description of a new dolphin, the Australian Snubfin Dolphin Orcaella heinsohni sp. n. (Cetacea, Delphinidae) // Marine Mammal Science. — Vol. 21, № 3. — P. 365—400. — DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01239.x.
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Иравадийские дельфины: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Иравади́йские дельфи́ны или орцеллы (лат. Orcaella) — род водных млекопитающих семейства дельфиновых (Delphinidae).

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伊豚属 ( Chinese )

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伊豚属海豚分布区域
伊豚属海豚分布区域

伊豚属(学名:Orcaella)是鯨目海豚科的一,分布于东南亚澳大利亚北部海域,包含2

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伊豚属: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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伊豚属(学名:Orcaella)是鯨目海豚科的一,分布于东南亚澳大利亚北部海域,包含2

伊豚(Orcaella brevirostris) 矮鳍海豚(Orcaella heinsohni)  title= 取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=伊豚属&oldid=32184818分类伊豚属隐藏分类:本地相关图片与维基数据不同
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カワゴンドウ属 ( Japanese )

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カワゴンドウ属 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia : クジラ目 Cetacea 亜目 : ハクジラ亜目 Odontoceti : マイルカ科 Delphinidae : カワゴンドウ属 Orcaella
Gray, 1866 種

カワゴンドウ属(河巨頭属、Orcaella)は、クジラ目ハクジラ亜目マイルカ科に属するの1つ。マイルカ科ではなくイッカク科に分類されることも稀にある。

カワゴンドウ属に属するは長い間、カワゴンドウ Orcaella brevirostris のみとされていた。しかし、2005年、近縁のオーストラリアカワゴンドウ Orcaella heinsohni Australian Snubfin Dolphin が新たに加えられ、2種となった。

分類[編集]

カワゴンドウ属 Orcaella John E. Gray, 1866

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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カワゴンドウ属: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

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カワゴンドウ属(河巨頭属、Orcaella)は、クジラ目ハクジラ亜目マイルカ科に属するの1つ。マイルカ科ではなくイッカク科に分類されることも稀にある。

カワゴンドウ属に属するは長い間、カワゴンドウ Orcaella brevirostris のみとされていた。しかし、2005年、近縁のオーストラリアカワゴンドウ Orcaella heinsohni Australian Snubfin Dolphin が新たに加えられ、2種となった。

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강거두고래속 ( Korean )

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강거두고래속 (Orcaella)은 참돌고래과에 속하는 고래 속의 하나이다.[2] 이라와디강돌고래 (Orcaella brevirostris)와 오스트레일리아강거두고래 (Orcaella heinsohni)의 2종으로 이루어져 있다. 이 속은 오랫동안 이라와디강돌고래 단일 종만을 가진 단계통 속으로 알려져 왔으나 2005년에 오스트레일리아/뉴기니 섬에 서식하는 강돌고래가 이라와디강돌고래와 현저히 다르다는 것이 발견되면서 오스트레일리아강거두고래를 별도의 종으로 선언했다.

하위 종

각주

  1. 국제자연보호연맹. “Cetacean Update of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species” (PDF). 2013년 5월 16일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 8월 21일에 확인함.
  2. Mead, J.G.; Brownell, R.L., Jr. (2005). 〈Order Cetacea〉 [고래목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 723–743쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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강거두고래속: Brief Summary ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

강거두고래속 (Orcaella)은 참돌고래과에 속하는 고래 속의 하나이다. 이라와디강돌고래 (Orcaella brevirostris)와 오스트레일리아강거두고래 (Orcaella heinsohni)의 2종으로 이루어져 있다. 이 속은 오랫동안 이라와디강돌고래 단일 종만을 가진 단계통 속으로 알려져 왔으나 2005년에 오스트레일리아/뉴기니 섬에 서식하는 강돌고래가 이라와디강돌고래와 현저히 다르다는 것이 발견되면서 오스트레일리아강거두고래를 별도의 종으로 선언했다.

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copyright
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자