Stylasteridae Gray 1847

South Pacific Ocean, Duration 10 seconds

Coral Sea, Duration 20 seconds, Shot includes Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Semicircle angelfish)

Allopora oculina, Eurenberg.

Figure 5.Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A Errinopora fisheri B, G–I Errinopora nanneca C, F Errinopora undulata, D Errinopora disticha E Errinopora zarhyncha. A holotype, USNM 1123526 B holotype, USNM 42875 C holotype, USNM 112327 D holotype, USNM 1123524 E holotype, USNM 42874 F lateral view of a large paratype, USNM 1123528 G lamellate colony with digitate distal branches, USNM 1123462 H lamellate colony, USNM 44070 I intermediate form between lamellate and digitate, USNM 1123510.

Figure 6.Holotype of Errinopora fisheri, USNM 1123526: A–D branch tips with dactylopore spines arranged in crescents (female ampulla shown in figure D) E, H–I lateral view of gastrostyles F–G coenosteal texture J detail of gastrostyle spines K dactylostyle.

Figure 5.Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A Errinopora fisheri B, G–I Errinopora nanneca C, F Errinopora undulata, D Errinopora disticha E Errinopora zarhyncha. A holotype, USNM 1123526 B holotype, USNM 42875 C holotype, USNM 112327 D holotype, USNM 1123524 E holotype, USNM 42874 F lateral view of a large paratype, USNM 1123528 G lamellate colony with digitate distal branches, USNM 1123462 H lamellate colony, USNM 44070 I intermediate form between lamellate and digitate, USNM 1123510.

Figure 7.Female paratype of Errinopora undulata, USNM 1123528: A–B, D plate surface showing female ampullae, dactylopore spines, and gastropores C cross section of plate showing several gastrostyles E–F coenosteal texture G–H lateral view of a gastrostyle and detail of spination I–J lateral and apical view of a robust dactylostyle.

Figure 5.Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A Errinopora fisheri B, G–I Errinopora nanneca C, F Errinopora undulata, D Errinopora disticha E Errinopora zarhyncha. A holotype, USNM 1123526 B holotype, USNM 42875 C holotype, USNM 112327 D holotype, USNM 1123524 E holotype, USNM 42874 F lateral view of a large paratype, USNM 1123528 G lamellate colony with digitate distal branches, USNM 1123462 H lamellate colony, USNM 44070 I intermediate form between lamellate and digitate, USNM 1123510.

Figure 8.Holotype of Errinopora disticha, USNM 1123524: A–B distichoporine pore rows and female ampullae (A a stereo view) C gastropore and adjacent dactylopore spine with dactylostyle D–E coenosteal texture F–G dactylostyle H–I lateral view of gastrostyle J detail of gastrostyle spines.

Figure 11.Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A, E, G Stylaster brochi B, F, H Stylaster verrillii C Stylaster stejnegeri, D Errinopora dichotoma. A holotype, USNM 43264 B arborescent colony, USNM 1027819 C holotype, USNM 43271 D holotype, USNM 1123508 E large delicate sponge encrusted colony, USNM 1123304 F holotype of Allopora moseleyi, USNM 6851 G massive colony, USNM 1123006 H syntype, USNM 4193.

Figure 12.Holotype of Errinopora dichotoma, USNM 1123508: A branch cross section B colony surface showing gastro– and dactylopores C dactylopore with dactylostyle (upper) and secondary gastropore (lower) D gastropore E, J gastrostyles F–I coenosteal texture K gastrostyle spines L–M dactylostyle.

Figure 27.Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A–C Stylaster repandus D–G Stylantheca papillosa H–I Crypthelia trophostega: A–B lateral and apical views of holotype, USNM 1122740 C small paratype colony, USNM 1122741 D holotype of Allopora papillosa, USNM 6852 E encrusting colony, AB02–0005 F syntype of Allopora petrograpta, USNM 43272 G holotype of Stylaster porphyrea, USNM 43018 H holotype, USNM 42876 I arborescent colony, USNM 1122435.

Figure 28.Stylaster repandus, A–K, M holotype (male), USNM 1122740, L female paratype, USNM 1122739: A–C cyclosystems and coenosteal papillae D gastrostyle and robust dactylostyle E stereo view of a cyclosystem F–G coenosteal texture H stereo view of a gastrostyle and adjacent dactylostyle I stereo view of plate cross section showing some gastrostyles and male ampulla J a robust dactylostyle K elements of a dactylostyle L cross section of a female ampulla M cross section of a male ampulla.

Figure 21.Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A Stylaster parageus parageus, B Stylaster parageus columbiensis C Stylaster elassotomus D Stylaster crassiseptum E–G Stylaster alaskanus. A holotype, USNM 42871 B holotype, USNM 1122462 C holotype, USNM 43268 D holotype, USNM 1122531 E holotype of Stylaster gemmascens alaskanus, USNM 43269 F holotype of Stylaster cancellatus, USNM 43267 G large colony, USNM 1122454.

Figure 26.Stylaster crassiseptum A, D, H–I male paratype, USNM 112519, B–C, E–G, J holotype (female), USNM 1122531: A stereo view of cyclosystems and a cluster of male ampullae B branch segment showing sympodial arrangement of cyclosystems C–D cyclosystems E thick pseudosepta and thin dactylotomes F coenosteal texture G robust dactylostyle H stereo view of gastropore tube and male ampulla I gastrostyle surrounded by well–developed ring palisade J female ampulla.

Figure 21. Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A Stylaster parageus parageus, B Stylaster parageus columbiensis C Stylaster elassotomus D Stylaster crassiseptum E–G Stylaster alaskanus. A holotype, USNM 42871 B holotype, USNM 1122462 C holotype, USNM 43268 D holotype, USNM 1122531 E holotype of Stylaster gemmascens alaskanus, USNM 43269 F holotype of Stylaster cancellatus, USNM 43267 G large colony, USNM 1122454.

Figure 23. Stylaster parageus columbiensis, A–H, J holotype (male), USNM 1122462, I female paratype, USNM 1117112: A stereo view of branch segment including male ampullae B a cyclosystem C longitudinal fracture of a cyclosystem D stereo view of a gastrostyle and rudimentary ring palisade E–F rough and smooth coenosteal texture G gastrostyle tip and ring palisade H two dactylostyles I female ampulla J male ampullae.