Comprehensive Description
provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Parharpinia warte
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Head about 20 percent of total body length, greatest width about 65 percent of length; rostrum scarcely constricted, somewhat short, reaching apex of article 1 on antenna 1. Eyes small, stained pale eosin, clear of occluding pigment, ommatidia small. Article 1 on peduncle of antenna 1 about 1.7 times as long as wide, about twice as wide as article 2, ventral margin with about 5 setules, weakly produced dorsal apex with one setule; article 2 about 0.5 times as long as article 1, with apicoventral cycles of 10–11 setae; primary flagellum with 11 articles, about as long as peduncle, lacking aesthetascs, [accessory flagellum unknown, broken]. Spine formula on article 4 of antenna 2 = 1–3–4–5 (or 1–3–9), dorsal margin with notch bearing 2 setae and one spine, ventral margin with 3 groups of 1–2 long to medium setae, one ventrodistal long spine; article 5 about 0.85 times as long as article 4, facial spine formula = 2–2–2–2 or 2–2–2–2–1, dorsal margin naked, ventral margin with 3–4 sets of 1–3 long to medium setae, 2 ventrodistal medium spines, one subdistal facial spine counted in facial formula; flagellum about 1.1 times as long as articles 4–5 of peduncle combined, with 10 articles. Mandibles with weak palpar hump; right incisor with 3 teeth; left incisor with 3 humps in 2 branches; right lacinia mobilis bifid, distal branch much shorter than proximal, distal branch erect and thorn-like, narrow, proximal branch simple, pointed, with marginal denticles and facial hump forming cusp in crotch; left lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth plus one accessory tooth, middle teeth lengthened; right and left rakers 9; molar in form of elongate bulbous hump demarcated mainly by spines, right molar with 10 primarily medium spines plus 1–2 rudimentaries, plus one spine strongly disjunct, left molar with 9 primarily medium spines plus one spine strongly disjunct, plume absent; palp article 1 short, article 2 with one medium inner apical seta and 2 other shorter inner setae, article 3 about as long as article 2, oblique apex with 8 spine-setae, basofacial formula = 0–1. Inner plate of maxilla 1 large, broad, bearing or lacking one long apical pluseta, one shorter apicomedial seta, 3 apicolateral much shorter setae; palp article 2 with 6 apicalmedial marginal setae. Plates of maxilla 2 extending subequally, outer broader than inner, outer with 4 apicolateral setae, inner with 3 medial setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with 2 large thin apical spines, 4 apicofacial setae, 2 medial setae; outer plate with 8 medial and apical spines, 5 apicolateral setae; palp article 1 lacking apicolateral seta, article 2 with one apicolateral seta, medial margin of article 2 moderately setose, article 3 with 6 facial setae, one lateral seta, article 4 with 2 widely spaced apical accessory setules, nail absent. Coxa 1 strongly expanded distally, anterior margin weakly concave; main ventral setae of coxae 1–4 = 11–7–6–6, posteriormost seta of coxae 1–4 shortest; anterior and posterior margins of coxa 4 divergent, posterior margin oblique, straight, posterodorsal corner sharp–rounded, posterodorsal margin short, concave, width–length ratio of coxa 4 = 7:8. Long posterior setae on article 2 of gnathopods 1–2 and pereopods 1–2 = 2–4–(3–4)–(3–4), long anteriors = 6–6–0–0, short anteriors = 3–3–3–2, no others. Gnathopods ordinary; width ratios of articles 5–6 on gnathopods 1–2 = 24:38 and 27:40, length ratios = 62:62 and 52:64; palmar humps ordinary, palms oblique; article 5 of gnathopod 1 ovate, posterior margin rounded–flat, short; article 5 of gnathopod 2 subtriangular, posterior margin rounded, short, almost lobate. Pereopods 1–2 similar; facial setae formula on article 4 = 2 and 2, on article 5 = 3 and 3; main spine of article 5 extending to M. 85 on article 6, article 5 lacking proximoposterior spines; spine formula of article 6 = 4 + 6 plus middistal seta, one spine especially long; acclivity on inner margin of dactyls of pereopods 1–2 weak, emergent setule short, midfacial pluseta ordinary. Coxae 5–7 posteroventral setule formula = 6–5–6. Articles 4–5 of pereopods 3–4 narrow, facial spine rows sparse, facial ridge formula on article 2 of pereopods 3–5 = 0–1–1, (pereopod 5 with additional short distomarginal ridge); width ratios of articles 2, 4, 5, 6 of pereopod 3 = 49:30:28:16, of pereopod 4 = 70:32:25:13, of pereopod 5 = 95:22:20:10, length ratios of pereopod 3 = 81:37:39:47, of pereopod 4 = 93:67:68:88, of pereopod 5 = 110:23:27:36; article 2 of pereopod 5 exceeding apex of article 4, ventral margin setose, posterior margins of article 2 on pereopods 3–4 setose, article 2 of pereopod 3 tapering distally; medial apex on article 6 of pereopod 5 finely combed, bearing 3 short digital processes. Posteroventral corner of epimeron 1 rounded, posterior margin straight, serrate, setose, anteroventral margin with 3 medium setae, posteroventral margin with 2 medium setae; posteroventral corner of epimeron 2 rounded to weakly protuberant, with small, sharp tooth, posterior margin straight, serrate, setose, facial setae = 5 crowded anteriorly; posteroventral corner of epimeron 3 weakly protuberant, with sinus, with small tooth, posterior margin straight, weakly serrate, setose, face with horizontal row of 2 short spines; pleonites 1–3 each with 3 dorsal longitudinal rugosities. Urosomite 1 with ventral spine at base of uropod 1, articulation line almost complete; urosomite 3 weakly protuberant dorsally. Rami of uropods 1–2 with articulate enlarged apical nails, outer ramus of uropod 1 with 4 dorsal spines, inner with 2, outer ramus of uropod 2 with 4 dorsal spines, inner lacking dorsomedial spines; peduncle of uropod 1 with 3 apicolateral spines and 4 short dispersed basofacial setae, medially with 5 marginal spines, apicalmost enlarged but set inward; peduncle of uropod 2 with 7 dorsal spines, medially with one tiny apical spine. Peduncle of uropod 3 with 4 ventral spines, dorsally with one lateral spine, one medial spine and setule; rami feminine, inner extending to M. 70 on article 1 of outer ramus, apex with one seta, medial and lateral margins naked, article 2 of outer ramus ordinary, 0.20, bearing 2 medium setae, medial apex of article 1 with 2 setae, lateral margin with 3 acclivities, spine formula = 1–1–2–1, setal formula = 0–0–0–1. Telson ordinary, length–width ratio = 11:13, not fully cleft, each apex wide, truncate, lateral acclivity absent, with lateral short and medial long, thin spine separated by long setule, each lobe dorsally with spinule at M. 70, midlateral setules large, diverse. Cuticle with bulbar setules at edges of clear spaces in midst of dense pebble knobs, dorsally organized on pleon into alternate rows of blunt and sharp knobs, emergent setules especially long, branched.
OBSERVATIONS.—Head damaged but also asymmetrically formed, left side deeper than right; posterior half of sternite 6 heavily calcified and forming half-ring below body; article 3 of antenna 2 with apicodorsal spine.
ILLUSTRATIONS—Some rakers of mandibles omitted from drawings.
HOLOTYPE.—AM, female “a,” 9.6 mm. Unique.
TYPE-LOCALITY.—AM P.18276, 5 Jul 1962, Great Australian Bight, south of Eucla, Western Australia, 33°05’ S, 128°40’ E, 83 m, bottom unknown.
RELATIONSHIP.—This species is very closely similar to Parharpinia villosa and can be readily distinguished only by the cuticular structures. Parharpinia villosa has evenly distributed villi and bulbar setules lacking any marked clear space around them, whereas P. warte has tightly packed villi, apically blunted and forming a ring around spaces in which lie the bulbar setules. The unique holotype of P. warte might be an aberrant specimen of P. villosa in all other respects. Various minor distinctions in setal densities and sizes of gnathopodal articles might be explained on the aberrancy theory but the odd cuticle cannot be so explained.
MATERIAL.—AM, one sample (1).
DISTRIBUTION.—Great Australian Bight, Eucla. 83 m.
Protophoxus K. H. Barnard
Protophoxus K. H. Barnard, 1930:335.—Barnard and Drummond, 1976:532.
DIAGNOSIS OF MALE.—Eyes present. Flagella of antennae 1–2 unreduced in male. Article 2 of antenna 1 especially shortened, ventral setae widely spread. Article 1 of antenna 2 not ensiform, article 3 with 2 setules, facial spines on article 4 primarily in one main row, article 5 ordinary in size. Right mandibular incisor with 3 teeth; molar not triturative, small, pillow-shaped, bearing 4 or more splayed, semiarticulate spines, usually bearing fuzz; palpar hump medium. Palp of maxilla 1 biarticulate; inner plate with 4 setae. Setation of maxilla 2 ordinary. Inner plate of maxillipeds ordinary; apex of palp article 3 not or weakly protuberant, dactyl elongate, apical nail distinct, medium. Gnathopods ordinary, small, similar; article 5 of gnathopods 1–2 of ordinary length, free, without eusirid attachment; palms oblique, hands of gnathopods 1–2 ordinary, ovatorectangular, poorly setose anteriorly. Article 5 of pereopods 1–2 bearing posteroproximal setae. Article 2 of pereopod 3 of broad form but tapering distally, articles 4–5 of pereopods 3–4 broad to medium, article 2 of pereopods 3–4 not setose posteriorly; pereopod 5 ordinary, article 2 naked ventrally, article 3 ordinary; dactyl normal. Epimera 1–2 lacking long posterior setae, without midfacial setae above ventral facial ridge; epimeron 3 ordinary. Urosomite 1 generally naked; urosomite 3 without dorsal hook or special process. Peduncle of uropod 1 normally elongate, without apicoventral spike, with special enlarged apicolateral spine, only peduncular apices of uropod 2 combed; inner ramus of uropod 1 with one row of marginal spines, no rami continuously spinose to apex, inner ramus of uropod 2 ordinary. Uropod 3 highly elongate, article 2 of outer ramus carrying 2 long apical setae. Telson with 2 or more apical spines, with special dorsal spines.
DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum fully developed. Fuzz on article 1 of antenna 1 in male present; calceoli on male primary flagellum of antenna 1 present. Calceoli on article 5 of male antenna 2 present; flagellum in male with calceoli. Prebuccal parts ordinary, poorly separated from each other, upper lip dominant. Right lacinia mobilis bifid, thin; mandibular palp medium to thin, article 1 short, article 2 without outer setae, apex of article 3 oblique. Lower lip bearing cones. Outer plate of maxilla 1 with 11 spines, one spine especially thickened. Inner plates of maxilliped thick, ordinarily setose. Coxae 2–4 without special antero-dorsal humps. All posterior spines on article 6 of pereopods 1–2 thick and stiff, midapical spine present. Article 2 of pereopod 5 without facial setae. Peduncle of uropod 1 with dorsolateral spines widely spread, medial spines widely spread; peduncle of uropod 2 with only one medial spine confined apically. Peduncle of uropod 3 lacking extra subapical setae or spines. Telson with ordinary pair of midlateral or dorsal setules on each side.
TYPE-SPECIES.—Protophoxus australis K. H. Barnard, 1930 (monotypy).
COMPOSITION.—Unique.
RELATIONSHIP.—Protophoxus shares with Parharpinia the supernumerary dorsal spination on the telson, the presence of a special spine on the peduncle of uropod 1, and the strong taper of article 2 on pereopod 3. Protophoxus differs from Parharpinia in the shift of the special spine on the peduncle of uropod 1 to the lateral side, the absence of posterior setation on epimera 1–2, the absence of strong ventral setation on article 2 of pereopod 5, and the more strongly distinct nail of the maxillipedal dactyl.
Protophoxus and Parharpinia share thin articles 4–5 of pereopods 3–4 but this character is almost as well developed in some of the thin membered species of Birubius.
