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Grapsoïdeu ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Els grapsoïdeus (Grapsoidea) són una de les 24 superfamílies de crustacis decàpodes de l'infraordre dels braquiürs. El representant més conegut és el cranc roquer (Pachygrapsus marmoratus).

Sistemàtica

La superfamília Grapsoidea (Macleay, 1838) se subdivideix en 6 famílies:[1][2]

Referències

Fotos de crancs grapsoïdeus

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Grapsoïdeu: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Els grapsoïdeus (Grapsoidea) són una de les 24 superfamílies de crustacis decàpodes de l'infraordre dels braquiürs. El representant més conegut és el cranc roquer (Pachygrapsus marmoratus).

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Grapsoidea ( German )

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 src=
Eriocheir sinensis, Elbe, Deutschland
 src=
Chiromantes haematocheir
 src=
Hemigrapsus tokanoi, Niederlande

Die Grapsoidea sind eine Überfamilie von Krebstieren aus der Teilordnung der Krabben (Brachyura) in der Ordnung der Zehnfußkrebse (Decapoda). Sie leben semiaquatisch (halb an Land, halb im Wasser) sowohl an Süßgewässern wie auch am Meer. Sie kommen hauptsächlich in den Tropen vor, nur wenige Arten leben auch in gemäßigten Breiten.

Systematik

Gemäß dem Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) besteht die Überfamilie der Grapsoidea aus sechs Familien.[1] Innerhalb dieser Einteilung sind jedoch nur die Familien Grapsidae, Sesarmidae und Varunidae monophyletisch. Innerhalb der Sesarmidae sind die Gattungen Chiromantes und Parasesarma wahrscheinlich nicht monophyletisch.[2]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Taxonomie der Grapsoidea nach ITIS
  2. C. D. Schubart, S. Cannicci, M. Vannini, S. Fratini: Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44 (3), 2006, S. 193–199
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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Eriocheir sinensis, Elbe, Deutschland  src= Chiromantes haematocheir  src= Hemigrapsus tokanoi, Niederlande

Die Grapsoidea sind eine Überfamilie von Krebstieren aus der Teilordnung der Krabben (Brachyura) in der Ordnung der Zehnfußkrebse (Decapoda). Sie leben semiaquatisch (halb an Land, halb im Wasser) sowohl an Süßgewässern wie auch am Meer. Sie kommen hauptsächlich in den Tropen vor, nur wenige Arten leben auch in gemäßigten Breiten.

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Grapsoidea

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The Grapsoidea are a superfamily of crabs; they are well known and contain many taxa which are terrestrial (land-living), semiterrestrial (taking to the sea only for reproduction), or limnic (living in fresh water). Another well-known member with a more conventional lifestyle is the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis.

The delimitation of the Grapsidae and Plagusiidae is in need of revision; the latter at least is not monophyletic. The same apparently holds true for several genera in the Sesarmidae.[2][3][4]

The closest living relatives of the Grapsoidea are the Ocypodoidea. In fact, they seem to be paraphyletic with respect to each other and it seems warranted to merge the Ocypodoidea into the Grapsoidea.[4]

References

  1. ^ Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
  2. ^ Christoph D. Schubart; José A. Cuesta; Darryl L. Felder (2002). "Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 22 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2.
  3. ^ Christoph D. Schubart; Hung-Chang Liu; José A. Cuesta (2003). "A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 51 (1): 49–59. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
  4. ^ a b Christoph D. Schubart; S. Cannicci; M. Vannini; S. Fratini (2006). "Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 44 (3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.

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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary

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The Grapsoidea are a superfamily of crabs; they are well known and contain many taxa which are terrestrial (land-living), semiterrestrial (taking to the sea only for reproduction), or limnic (living in fresh water). Another well-known member with a more conventional lifestyle is the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis.

The delimitation of the Grapsidae and Plagusiidae is in need of revision; the latter at least is not monophyletic. The same apparently holds true for several genera in the Sesarmidae.

The closest living relatives of the Grapsoidea are the Ocypodoidea. In fact, they seem to be paraphyletic with respect to each other and it seems warranted to merge the Ocypodoidea into the Grapsoidea.

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Grapsoidea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los grapsoideos (Grapsoidea) son una superfamilia de crustáceos decápodos. Contiene especies terrestres, semi-terrestres (usan el mar solo para la reproducción) o de agua dulce. Una típica especie de esta superfamilia es el cangrejo chino de mitones (Eriocheir sinensis).

Familias

Según Ahyong y colaboradores en 2011:[1]

  • Familia Gecarcinidae MacLeay, 1838 (6 géneros, 19 especies)
  • Familia Glyptograpsidae Schubart, Cuesta & Felder, 2002 (2 géneros, 3 especies)
  • Familia Grapsidae MacLeay, 1838 (8 géneros, 41 especies)
  • Familia Percnidae Števčić, 2005 (1 género, 6 especies)
  • Familia Plagusiidae Dana, 1851 (4 géneros, 18 especies)
  • Familia Sesarmidae Dana, 1851 (30 géneros, 252 especies)
  • Familia Varunidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (36 géneros, 146 especies)
  • Familia Xenograpsidae Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng, 2007 (1 género, 3 especies)

Referencias

  1. Shane T. Ahyong, James K. Lowry, Miguel Alonso, Roger N. Bamber, Geoffrey A. Boxshall, Peter Castro, Sarah Gerken, Gordan S. Karaman, Joseph W. Goy, Diana S. Jones, Kenneth Meland, D. Christopher Rogers & Jörundur Svavarsson. 2011. Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237.

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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los grapsoideos (Grapsoidea) son una superfamilia de crustáceos decápodos. Contiene especies terrestres, semi-terrestres (usan el mar solo para la reproducción) o de agua dulce. Una típica especie de esta superfamilia es el cangrejo chino de mitones (Eriocheir sinensis).

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Grapsoidea ( French )

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Les Grapsoidea sont une super-famille de crabes. Elle comprend près de 500 espèces actuelles dans sept familles[2]. Une partie sont des crabes terrestres, même s'ils ont besoin de la proximité de l'eau de mer pour certains de leurs besoins physiologiques.

Liste des familles

Selon World Register of Marine Species (16 décembre 2014)[3] :

Et trois genres fossiles aux affinités indéterminées :

Références taxinomiques

Référence

  • Macleay, 1838 : On the brachyurous decapod Crustacea brought from the Cape by Dr. Smith. Illustrations of the Annulosa of South Africa; being a portion of the objects of natural history chiefly collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, under the directin of Dr. Andrew Smith, in the years 1834, 1835. and 1836; fitted out by “The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa”. p. 53–71.

Sources

  • Ng, Guinot & Davie, 2008 : Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, n. 17 p. 1–286.

Notes

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK, consulté le 16 décembre 2014
  2. *Schubart, Cannicci, Vannini & Fratini, 2006 : Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, vol. 44, n. 3, p. 193–199.
  3. World Register of Marine Species, consulté le 16 décembre 2014
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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Grapsoidea sont une super-famille de crabes. Elle comprend près de 500 espèces actuelles dans sept familles. Une partie sont des crabes terrestres, même s'ils ont besoin de la proximité de l'eau de mer pour certains de leurs besoins physiologiques.

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Grapsoidea ( Italian )

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Grapsoidea (Macleay, 1838) è una superfamiglia di granchi.

Tassonomia

Comprende 8 famiglie[1]:

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Davie, P. (2014), Grapsoidea, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).

Bibliografia

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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Grapsoidea (Macleay, 1838) è una superfamiglia di granchi.

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Grapsoidea ( Latin )

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Grapsoidea sunt superfamilia cancrorum notorum, inter quam sunt multa taxa terrestria, partim terrestria (ad mare solum pro regeneratione ientia), vel limnica (aquam dulcem continenter habitantia). Alia genus notum, cui est usitatior vita, est Eriocheir sinensis.

Circumscriptio Grapsidarum et Plagusiidarum retractanda est; quae Plagusiidarum saltem non est monophyletica. Similiter nonnulla genera in Sesarmidis usitate positis.[2][3][4]

Proximi Grapsoideorum cognati vivi sunt Ocypodoidea, quae quidem mutuo paraphyletici sunt, et probatum videtur Ocypodoidea in Grapsoidea disponi debere.[4]

Notae

  1. Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong, et al. (2009), "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans," Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21:1–109. PDF.
  2. Christoph D. Schubart, José A. Cuesta, et Darryl L. Felder (2002), "Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea," Journal of Crustacean Biology 22(1):28–44, doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2. Textus.
  3. Christoph D. Schubart, Hung-Chang Liu, et José A. Cuesta (2003), "A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology," Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(1):49–59. PDF.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Christoph D. Schubart, S. Cannicci, M. Vannini, et S. Fratini (2006), "Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification," Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44(3):193–199, doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.

Nexus externi

Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Grapsoidea spectant.
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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( Latin )

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Grapsoidea sunt superfamilia cancrorum notorum, inter quam sunt multa taxa terrestria, partim terrestria (ad mare solum pro regeneratione ientia), vel limnica (aquam dulcem continenter habitantia). Alia genus notum, cui est usitatior vita, est Eriocheir sinensis.

Circumscriptio Grapsidarum et Plagusiidarum retractanda est; quae Plagusiidarum saltem non est monophyletica. Similiter nonnulla genera in Sesarmidis usitate positis.

Proximi Grapsoideorum cognati vivi sunt Ocypodoidea, quae quidem mutuo paraphyletici sunt, et probatum videtur Ocypodoidea in Grapsoidea disponi debere.

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Grapsoidea ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Grapsoidea is een superfamilie van krabben.

Systematiek

De Grapsoidea omvat volgende families:[2]

Drie fossiele geslachten werden (nog) niet aan een familie toegewezen:

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. MacLeay, W.S., (1838) On the brachyurous decapod Crustacea brought from the Cape by Dr. Smith.[dode link] In: Smith, A. (ed.) Illustrations of the Annulosa of South Africa; being a portion of the objects of natural history chiefly collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, under the directin of Dr. Andrew Smith, in the years 1834, 1835. and 1836; fitted out by “The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa”. London: Smith, Elder, and Co.. 53–71 pp.
  2. De Grave, Sammy, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al., (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21: 1–109.
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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Grapsoidea is een superfamilie van krabben.

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Grapsoidea ( Portuguese )

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O Grapsoidea são uma super família de caranguejos; eles são bem conhecidos e contêm muitos táxons que são terrestre (terra-vida), ostracodes (levando para o mar apenas para reprodução), ou limnic (que vivem em água doce). Outro bem conhecido membro com mais convencional do estilo de vida Chinês caranguejo luva.

A delimitação do Grapsidae e Plagusiidae está na necessidade de revisão; o último ao menos não é monofilético. Mesmo aparentemente é verdadeiro para vários gêneros no Sesarmidae.[1][2][3]

Os parentes vivos mais próximos do Grapsoidea são os Ocypodoidea. Na verdade, eles parecem ser parafilético com respeito uns aos outros e parece garantido para a série a Ocypodoidea para o Grapsoidea.[4]

Referências

Links externos

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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O Grapsoidea são uma super família de caranguejos; eles são bem conhecidos e contêm muitos táxons que são terrestre (terra-vida), ostracodes (levando para o mar apenas para reprodução), ou limnic (que vivem em água doce). Outro bem conhecido membro com mais convencional do estilo de vida Chinês caranguejo luva.

A delimitação do Grapsidae e Plagusiidae está na necessidade de revisão; o último ao menos não é monofilético. Mesmo aparentemente é verdadeiro para vários gêneros no Sesarmidae.

Os parentes vivos mais próximos do Grapsoidea são os Ocypodoidea. Na verdade, eles parecem ser parafilético com respeito uns aos outros e parece garantido para a série a Ocypodoidea para o Grapsoidea.

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Grapsoidea ( Ukrainian )

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  1. Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009). A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109.
  2. Christoph D. Schubart, José A. Cuesta, & Darryl L. Felder (2002). Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2.
  3. Christoph D. Schubart, Hung-Chang Liu & José A. Cuesta (2003). A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (1): 49–59.
  4. а б Christoph D. Schubart, S. Cannicci, M. Vannini & S. Fratini (2006). Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44 (3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.
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Grapsoidea ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Без ранга: Линяющие
Без ранга: Panarthropoda
Подтип: Ракообразные
Класс: Высшие раки
Подкласс: Эумалакостраки
Надотряд: Эвкариды
Подотряд: Pleocyemata
Инфраотряд: Крабы
Секция: Eubrachyura
Подсекция: Thoracotremata
Надсемейство: Grapsoidea
Международное научное название

Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838

Семейства[1]
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Систематика
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ITIS 206961NCBI 29962EOL 7126FW 177892

Grapsoidea (лат.) — надсемейство десятиногих ракообразных из инфраотряда крабов (Brachyura). Многие представители ведут полусухопутный образ жизни[2]. Grapsoidea содержат относительно много видов, которые являются наземными (наземно-живыми), земными (мигрирующими к морю только для размножения), или живущими в пресной воде.

Систематика

Разграничение Grapsidae и Plagusiidae нуждается в пересмотре; последнее, по крайней мере, не монофилетическое. То же самое, по-видимому, справедливо для нескольких родов у Sesarmidae. Ближайшими живыми родственниками Grapsoidea являются Ocypodoidea. На самом деле они кажутся парафилетическими по отношению друг к другу, и кажется оправданным объединить Ocypodoidea в Grapsoidea

Примечания

  1. Grave, S. De, Pentcheff, N. D., Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Crandall, K. A., Dworschak, P. C., Felder, D. L., Feldmann, R. M., Fransen, C. H. J. M., Goulding, L. Y. D., Lemaitre, R., Low, M. E. Y., Martin, J. W., Ng, P. K. L., Schweitzer, C. E., Tan, S. H., Tshudy, D., Wetzer, R. (2009). A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21: 1–109. P. 44. Текст (англ.) (Проверено 15 ноября 2012)
  2. Burggren W. W., McMahon, B. R. Biology of the land crabs. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1988. i-xii+1–479 p. ISBN 978-0-521-30690-4
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Grapsoidea: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Grapsoidea (лат.) — надсемейство десятиногих ракообразных из инфраотряда крабов (Brachyura). Многие представители ведут полусухопутный образ жизни. Grapsoidea содержат относительно много видов, которые являются наземными (наземно-живыми), земными (мигрирующими к морю только для размножения), или живущими в пресной воде.

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方蟹總科 ( Chinese )

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請協助改善此條目。參見WP:LINKSTYLEWP:MOSIW以了解細節。突出显示跨语言链接可以便于检查。

見內文

方蟹總科Grapsoidea)是短尾下目以下的一個總科,旗下包括有陸生、半陸生(當繁殖時會回到海裡)及水生等不同分類單元的品種。

目前,方蟹科斜紋蟹科之間的分別尚待修訂:因為科紋蟹科被發現了並非單系群的生物。同樣地,在相手蟹科之下同樣有幾個屬都有類似的問題[1]。另外,沙蟹科是與方蟹科關係最密切的生物品種,事實上,這兩個物種是側系群的。因此,有建議這兩個科的物種應該合併[2]

分類

方蟹總科可分為以下七個科[3][4]

附註

  1. ^ Schubart et al. (2002, 2003, 2006)
  2. ^ Schubart et al. (2006)
  3. ^ Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong; 等. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-06). 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
  5. ^ Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2008, 17: 1–286. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-06).

參考

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:方蟹總科
  • Schubart, Christoph D.; Cuesta, José A. & Felder, D.L. (2002): Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea. J.Crustacean Biol. 22(1): 28-44. DOI:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract
  • Schubart, Christoph D.; Liu, Hung-Chang & Cuesta, José A. (2003): A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(1): 49-59. PDF fulltext
  • Schubart, Christoph D.; Cannicci, S.; Vannini, M. & Fratini, S. (2006): Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44(3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x (HTML abstract)
  • Grapsoidea. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (英语).

外部連結

 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:方蟹總科
短尾下目的總科
綿蟹派 Dromiacea
 src=
蛙蟹亞派 Raninoida
圓關公蟹派
Cyclodorippoida
蟹派 Eubrachyura
異孔亞派
Heterotremata
胸孔亞派
Thoracotremata
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维基百科作者和编辑

方蟹總科: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

方蟹總科(Grapsoidea)是短尾下目以下的一個總科,旗下包括有陸生、半陸生(當繁殖時會回到海裡)及水生等不同分類單元的品種。

目前,方蟹科斜紋蟹科之間的分別尚待修訂:因為科紋蟹科被發現了並非單系群的生物。同樣地,在相手蟹科之下同樣有幾個屬都有類似的問題。另外,沙蟹科是與方蟹科關係最密切的生物品種,事實上,這兩個物種是側系群的。因此,有建議這兩個科的物種應該合併。

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维基百科作者和编辑

イワガニ上科 ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
イワガニ上科 Grapsoidea チュウゴクモクズガニ
チュウゴクモクズガニ Eriocheir sinensis
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 節足動物門 Arthropoda 亜門 : 甲殻亜門 Crustacea : 軟甲綱(エビ綱) Malacostraca : 十脚目(エビ目) Decapoda 亜目 : 抱卵亜目(エビ亜目) Pleocyemata 下目 : 短尾下目(カニ下目) Brachyura 上科 : イワガニ上科 Grapsoidea Macleay, 1838 科 7科523種(本文参照)  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、イワガニ上科に関連するカテゴリがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにイワガニ上科に関する情報があります。

イワガニ上科(いわがにじょうか)、学名 Grapsoidea は、カニの分類群の一つ。イワガニイソガニモクズガニアカテガニアシハラガニオカガニ等、海岸や水辺に生息するカニを多く含むグループである[1][2]

形態[編集]

甲幅は数cmから十数cmほどで、種類によって差があるが、カニ全体で見ると中型のグループである。長方形の甲羅としっかりした鋏脚、歩脚をもち、他の科と比べても体を覆う外骨格(殻)が頑丈に発達している。また動きが素早いものが多い。

ベンケイガニ科オカガニ科等の成体は水辺からだいぶ離れても生きていけるが、幼生は海でないと成長できないため、抱卵した母親は孵化寸前になると海辺へ移動し、海中で卵を孵化させる。卵から生まれる子はゾエア幼生の形態で、他のカニと同じくプランクトン生活を送り、メガロパ幼生を経て稚ガニとなる。

成体となっても呼吸をするので、水辺から離れても適度な湿り気は必要である。オカガニ科の成体は鰓と別に空気から直接酸素を取り入れることができ、陸上生活により適応している[1][2]

生態[編集]

海岸干潟、浅いなど、人間にとって身近な水辺に多くの種類が生息しており、漁獲・流通したものを除けば目に触れる機会が最も多い。モクズガニチュウゴクモクズガニショウジンガニオカガニ等の大型種は食用に漁獲され、小型のカニは釣り餌にも使われる。

食性は殆どが雑食性で、生息環境にいる植物、海藻フナムシ昆虫類、小魚、生物遺骸等なんでも食べる。動きが素早いため、生息域に生物遺骸が発生するとすぐに食べに集まってくる。人間の出した生ゴミも食べる。一方、天敵は哺乳類、鳥類、魚類、頭足類等である。食物連鎖においては低次の消費者、または腐肉食者として重要である[1][2]

分類[編集]

伝統的分類では「イワガニ科 Grapsidae」「オカガニ科 Gecarcinidae」の2科で、イワガニ科の中に「イワガニ亜科 Grapsinae」「ベンケイガニ亜科 Sesarminae」「モクズガニ亜科 Varurinae」「ショウジンガニ亜科 Plagusinae」が設定されていた。

しかし21世紀初頭にカニの分類が大幅に見直される中で、イワガニ科の各亜科は科に昇格、モクズガニ科とショウジンガニ科にさらに亜科を設定する等の改変が加えられた。ここではDe Grave et al. (2009)の分類に従った[1][2][3]

参考文献[編集]

  1. ^ a b c d 三宅貞祥『原色日本大型甲殻類図鑑 II』ISBN 4586300639 1983年 保育社
  2. ^ a b c d 鹿児島の自然を記録する会編『川の生き物図鑑 鹿児島の水辺から』(解説 : 鈴木廣志)2002年 南方新社 ISBN 493137669X
  3. ^ Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009)"A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans"Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2009, Supplement No. 21: 1–109, National University of Singapore
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wikipedia 日本語

イワガニ上科: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

イワガニ上科(いわがにじょうか)、学名 Grapsoidea は、カニの分類群の一つ。イワガニイソガニモクズガニアカテガニアシハラガニオカガニ等、海岸や水辺に生息するカニを多く含むグループである。

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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
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wikipedia 日本語

바위게상과 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

바위게상과(Grapsoidea)는 십각목에 속하는 상과의 하나이다. 이 상과는 잘 알려진 편이며, 지상종(육상에서 사는)과 반지상종(육상에서 살며, 바다에서 생식 활동을 하는) 그리고 담수종(민물에서 사는) 등 다양한 분류군을 포함하고 있다. 잘 알려진 종으로 참게(Eriocheir sinensis)가 있다.

바위게과톱장절게과의 분류 범위는 개정이 필요하다. 적어도 톱장절게과는 단계통군이 아니다. 사각게과의 몇몇 속도 마찬가지이다.[2][3][4]

바위게상과는 달랑게상과와 가장 밀접한 관계에 있다. 사실, 이들 상과는 서로에 대하여 측계통군 관계에 있는 것으로 보이며, 달랑게상과를 바위게상과에 통합하는 것은 정당한 것으로 여겨진다.[4]

하위 분류

각주

  1. Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong; 외. (2009). “A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans” (PDF). 《Raffles Bulletin of Zoology》. Suppl. 21: 1–109. 2011년 6월 6일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 10월 5일에 확인함.
  2. Christoph D. Schubart, José A. Cuesta, & Darryl L. Felder (2002). “Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea”. 《Journal of Crustacean Biology》 22 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2.
  3. Christoph D. Schubart, Hung-Chang Liu & José A. Cuesta (2003). “A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology” (PDF). 《Raffles Bulletin of Zoology》 51 (1): 49–59. 2012년 2월 6일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 10월 5일에 확인함.
  4. Christoph D. Schubart, S. Cannicci, M. Vannini & S. Fratini (2006). “Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification”. 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》 44 (3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.
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