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Taxonomic History

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Formica flava Fabricius, 1782: 491 (w.) [Note: Dours, 1873 PDF: 165, Ruzsky, 1905b: 276, Ruzsky, 1916: 5, and others, mistakenly attribute authorship of flava to De Geer. I (Barry Bolton) can find no mention of Formica flava in either of De Geer’s publications that include formicids (1773, 1778).] EUROPE. Palearctic. AntCat AntWiki

Taxonomic history

Latreille, 1798 PDF: 42 (q.m.); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1953c PDF: 152 (l.); Hauschteck, 1962 PDF: 219 (k.); Imai, 1966b PDF: 120 (k.).Combination in Formicina: Shuckard, 1840e PDF: 172; Bondroit, 1918 PDF: 27.Combination in Lasius: Mayr, 1861 PDF: 50 (in key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 276; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b PDF: 36.Combination in Lasius (Chthonolasius): Ruzsky, 1912 PDF: 633; Ruzsky, 1914a PDF: 59.Combination in Donisthorpea: Donisthorpe, 1915f: 216.Combination in Formicina (Formicina): Emery, 1916a PDF: 241.Combination in Lasius (Formicina): Wheeler, 1916o PDF: 172; Wheeler, 1917k PDF: 463; Santschi, 1921b PDF: 435.Combination in Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916 PDF: 460; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e PDF: 187.Combination in Chthonolasius (Formicina): Kulmatycki, 1922 PDF: 79.Combination in Acanthomyops (Chthonolasius): Kiseleva, 1925 PDF: 73; Donisthorpe, 1927a PDF: 8; Donisthorpe, 1950e PDF: 1064.Combination in Lasius (Chthonolasius): Ruzsky, 1925a PDF: 288; Ruzsky, 1936 PDF: 90.Combination in Lasius (Lasius): Forel, 1915d: 51; Emery, 1925d PDF: 231; Karavaiev, 1936: 207.Combination in Lasius (Cautolasius): Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112.Status as species: Retzius, 1783 PDF: 75; Fabricius, 1787 PDF: 309; Gmelin, 1790 PDF: 2801; Olivier, 1792: 496; Fabricius, 1793 PDF: 357; Latreille, 1798 PDF: 41; Latreille, 1802a PDF: 166; Walckenaer, 1802: 163; Fabricius, 1804 PDF: 406; Billberg, 1820: 104; Stephens, 1829b: 357; Losana, 1834 PDF: 321; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 PDF: 208; Schilling, 1839 PDF: 55; Nylander, 1846a PDF: 922; Nylander, 1846b PDF: 1048; Foerster, 1850a: 38; Smith, 1851 PDF: 3; Schenck, 1852 PDF: 56; Mayr, 1855 PDF: 363 (redescription); Smith, 1855a PDF: 108; Nylander, 1856b PDF: 69; Gredler, 1858 PDF: 14; Smith, 1858a PDF: 8; Mayr, 1861 PDF: 50 (in key); Meinert, 1861: 319; Roger, 1862c PDF: 285; Roger, 1863b PDF: 11; Mayr, 1863a PDF: 425; Smith, 1871c: 2; Dours, 1873 PDF: 165; Forel, 1874 PDF: 47 (in key); André, 1874b: 181 (in key); Emery, 1878a PDF: ix (in list); Emery, 1878: 47; Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 452; Saunders, 1880 PDF: 210; Provancher, 1881b PDF: 358; André, 1882c PDF: 195 (in key); Provancher, 1883 PDF: 601; White, 1884 PDF: 255; Mayr, 1886d PDF: 429; Forel, 1886e PDF: clxvii; Provancher, 1887: 236 (in key); Cresson, 1887 PDF: 257; Nasonov, 1889: 23; Lameere, 1892: 64; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 184; Emery, 1893k PDF: 640; Medina, 1893 PDF: 105; Emery, 1895d PDF: 334; Forel, 1895e PDF: 227; Ruzsky, 1896 PDF: 71; Saunders, 1896 PDF: 24; Wheeler, 1900c PDF: 47; Ruzsky, 1902d PDF: 14; Ruzsky, 1905b: 276; Wasmann, 1906 PDF: 114 (in key); Forel, 1909c PDF: 104; Bondroit, 1910 PDF: 485; Forel, 1911f PDF: 352; Karavaiev, 1912b PDF: 587; Ruzsky, 1914a PDF: 61; Stitz, 1914 PDF: 85; Forel, 1915d: 51 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915f: 216; Emery, 1916a PDF: 241; Forel, 1916 PDF: 460; Ruzsky, 1916: 5; Wheeler, 1916o PDF: 172; Wheeler, 1917a PDF: 527; Escherich, 1917: 333 (in key); Menozzi, 1918 PDF: 87; Nadig, 1918 PDF: 340; Bondroit, 1918 PDF: 27; Menozzi, 1921 PDF: 32; Santschi, 1921b PDF: 435; Kulmatycki, 1922 PDF: 79; Soudek, 1922b PDF: 71; Müller, 1923a PDF: 75; Müller, 1923b PDF: 127; Finzi, 1923a PDF: 4; Emery, 1925d PDF: 231; Ruzsky, 1925a PDF: 288; Kiseleva, 1925 PDF: 73; Schkaff, 1925b PDF: 276; Karavaiev, 1926e PDF: 194; Santschi, 1926f PDF: 289; Stärcke, 1926a PDF: 121 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1927a PDF: 8; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 254; Karavaiev, 1927a PDF: 301; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e PDF: 187; Karavaiev, 1927d: 278 (in key); Karavaiev, 1927e PDF: 348; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e PDF: 187; Finzi, 1928c PDF: 791; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928b PDF: 21; Lomnicki, 1928 PDF: 7; Wheeler, 1928d PDF: 120; Wheeler, 1929g PDF: 10; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929a PDF: 27; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b PDF: 36; Finzi, 1930d PDF: 317; Karavaiev, 1930b PDF: 148; Karavaiev, 1931c PDF: 110; Karavaiev, 1931e PDF: 214; Soudek, 1931 PDF: 15; Gösswald, 1932 PDF: 61; Santschi, 1932e PDF: 72; Arnol'di, 1933a: 603 (in key); Finzi, 1933 PDF: 165; Grandi, 1935 PDF: 103; Zimmermann, 1935 PDF: 52; Ruzsky, 1936 PDF: 90; Karavaiev, 1936: 207 (redescription); Karavaiev, 1937 PDF: 175; Kôno & Sugihara, 1939 PDF: 10; Novák & Sadil, 1941 PDF: 101 (in key); Holgersen, 1942b PDF: 9; Holgersen, 1943c PDF: 174 (in key); Holgersen, 1944a PDF: 181; Morisita, 1945 PDF: 22; Ruzsky, 1946 PDF: 70; Van Boven, 1947b PDF: 184 (in key); Forsslund, 1947 PDF: 69; Arnol'di, 1948a PDF: 212 (in list); Creighton, 1950a PDF: 422; Donisthorpe, 1950e PDF: 1064; Schmitz, 1950 PDF: 14; Azuma, 1951 PDF: 88; Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 201; Consani & Zangheri, 1952 PDF: 44; Azuma, 1955 PDF: 80; Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112 (redescription); Ceballos, 1956: 315; Smith, 1958c PDF: 148; Carter, 1962a PDF: 7 (in list); Collingwood, 1963b PDF: 157 (in key); Baroni Urbani, 1964c PDF: 163; Cagniant, 1964 PDF: 92; Bernard, 1967a PDF: 359 (redescription); Smith, 1967a PDF: 367; Kutter, 1968b: 61; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969 PDF: 80; Cagniant, 1970c PDF: 38; Baroni Urbani, 1971c PDF: 207; Collingwood, 1971 PDF: 165; Banert & Pisarski, 1972 PDF: 353; Bourne, 1973 PDF: 26; Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 7 (in key); Hunt & Snelling, 1975 PDF: 22; Pisarski, 1975: 36; Tarbinsky, 1976 PDF: 140 (redescription); Aktaç, 1977 PDF: 127; Azuma, 1977a PDF: 117; Van Boven, 1977 PDF: 145; Francoeur, 1977b PDF: 207; Kutter, 1977c: 229; Yensen et al., 1977 PDF: 184; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 555 (in key); Collingwood, 1978 PDF: 90 (in key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1978b PDF: 393; Smith, 1979: 1437; Collingwood, 1979 PDF: 96; Yamauchi, 1979 PDF: 160; Onoyama, 1980a PDF: 199; Collingwood, 1981 PDF: 28; Seifert, 1983 PDF: 1; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g PDF: 67; Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 71; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a PDF: 58; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b PDF: 282 (in key); DuBois & LaBerge, 1988: 149; MacKay et al., 1988: 118; Seifert, 1990 PDF: 12; Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 222; Dlussky et al., 1990 PDF: 160; Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990c PDF: 433; Le Moli & Rosi, 1991: 37; Morisita et al., 1991: 27; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 241; Arakelian, 1994 PDF: 120; Radchenko, 1994b: 115 (in key); Wheeler et al., 1994 PDF: 308; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Douwes, 1995: 94; Poldi et al., 1995: 8; Tang et al., 1995: 109; Wu & Wang, 1995a: 156; Espadaler, 1997g PDF: 28; Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 23 (in key); Gallé et al., 1998: 217; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 187; Czechowski et al., 2002 PDF: 109; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 PDF: 381; Imai et al., 2003 PDF: 61; Karaman & Karaman, 2003 PDF: 53; Coovert, 2005 PDF: 124; Csosz & Markó, 2005 PDF: 230; Karaman & Karaman, 2005 PDF: 57; MacGown & Forster, 2005 PDF: 64; Radchenko, 2005b PDF: 166; Ward, 2005 PDF: 64; Bračko, 2006 PDF: 149; Markó et al., 2006 PDF: 68; Petrov, 2006 PDF: 107 (in key); Schultz et al., 2006 PDF: 203; Zhou, 2006 PDF: 586; Bračko, 2007 PDF: 20; Seifert, 2007: 280; Werner & Wiezik, 2007 PDF: 142; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007 PDF: 234; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008 PDF: 135; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009 PDF: 484; Lapeva-Gjonova et al., 2010 PDF: 38; Boer, 2010: 34; Csosz et al., 2011 PDF: 58; Karaman, 2011a PDF: 91; Legakis, 2011 PDF: 26; Borowiec & Salata, 2012 PDF: 500; Czechowski et al., 2012: 271; Ellison et al., 2012: 191; Guénard & Dunn, 2012 PDF: 33; Kiran & Karaman, 2012 PDF: 12; Nezhad et al., 2012 PDF: 66; Borowiec, 2014 PDF: 86; Bračko et al., 2014 PDF: 19; Lebas et al., 2016: 204; Radchenko, 2016: 368; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c 10.5281/zenodo.2199191 PDF: 45; Schär et al., 2018 10.1111/jbi.13380 PDF: 6; Seifert, 2018: 281.Senior synonym of Lasius umbratus apennina: Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112; Bernard, 1967a PDF: 359; Smith, 1979: 1437; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Radchenko, 2016: 368.Senior synonym of Lasius flavus fuscoides: Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112; Smith, 1979: 1437; Dlussky et al., 1990 PDF: 160; Arakelian, 1994 PDF: 120; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008 PDF: 135; Radchenko, 2016: 368.Senior synonym of Lasius umbratus ibericus: Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112; Bernard, 1967a PDF: 359; Smith, 1979: 1437; Seifert, 1990 PDF: 12; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 187; Radchenko, 2016: 368.Senior synonym of Lasius flavus morbosa: Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112; Bernard, 1967a PDF: 359; Van Boven, 1977 PDF: 145; Smith, 1979: 1437; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009 PDF: 484; Radchenko, 2016: 368.Senior synonym of Lasius flavus odoratus: Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112; Smith, 1979: 1437; Arakelian, 1994 PDF: 120; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008 PDF: 135; Radchenko, 2016: 368.Senior synonym of Lasius flavus olivacea: Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112; Smith, 1979: 1437; Arakelian, 1994 PDF: 120; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Radchenko, 2016: 368.Material of the unavailable name Lasius umbratus ibericus sancho referred here by Wilson, 1955a PDF: 112; Collingwood, 1978 PDF: 72; Smith, 1979: 1437; Seifert, 1990 PDF: 12; Bolton, 1995b: 223.
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AntWeb. Version 8.45.1. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org. Accessed 15 December 2022.
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Biology

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This species feeds on insects that are found in grass, including fly larvae, wireworms, woodlice and springtails. It also 'farms' aphids on the roots of plants in order to obtain the sweet honeydew that they exude (3). Like all ants, the yellow meadow ant lives in organised social colonies, consisting of a reproductive female known as the queen, a few males, and a large number of workers, which are non-sexual females (5). During summer, different colonies release winged reproductive males and future queens at the same time. The trigger for their synchronised release is warm, humid air, typically after rain. Mating takes place after 'nuptial flight' takes place, when a male and female form a pair and mate on the wing. After mating the female lands on the ground, sheds her wings and searches for a suitable place to establish a new colony. She will not mate again in her lifetime, but stores enough sperm inside her body to fertilise all of her future eggs (3). This ant lives in colonies underground and, along with the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris), is very important in bringing matter from a meter or more below ground to the surface of the soil, and maintaining porous soil (3). Colonies occasionally make mound nests in the moist conditions following rainfall or early in the morning when it is still dewy. Their nests are highly intricate, with numerous fine channels made in the soil; the whole structure is reinforced by the roots and shoots of plants, the growth of which is encouraged by the workers, who defecate into crevices in the soil. The mounds usually have one flat face which is oriented towards the south-east, thus maximising the benefits of the early morning sunshine (3). In situations where mound nests would not be ideal (e.g. in sandy soils, which would be eroded quickly), colonies tend to live beneath stones (3). Like many ants, this species has a special relationship with the larvae of a blue butterfly, in this case, those of the chalk hill blue butterfly. The workers of the yellow meadow ant are attracted by volatile substances that the caterpillar secretes. They may then bury the caterpillar and protect it from predators (3).
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Conservation

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Not relevant.
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Description

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This common ant is, as the name suggests, yellowish brown in colour (3). A number of features distinguish it from other similar species of ant, including the fact that the lower sections of the antennae and the tibiae lack hairs (3). The workers are around 2 to 3.5 mm in length (2).
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Habitat

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Typically found in rough grassland and gardens, providing the grass is not cut too often. This species can live under the ground as long as the grass is open enough to allow sunlight to reach the soil (3).
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Range

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Occurs throughout Europe and Britain (4) and found in Japan (2).
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Status

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Common (3).
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Threats

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Associations

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Animal / guest
larva of Clytra quadripunctata is a guest in nest of Lasius flavus
Other: unusual host/prey

Animal / associate
larva of Microdon devius is associated with nest of Lasius flavus

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Animal / guest
worker of Myrmecina graminicola is a guest in nest of Lasius flavus

Animal / inquiline
Platyarthrus hoffmannseggi is inquiline in nest of Lasius flavus
Other: major host/prey

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Brief Summary

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As the name indicates, yellow meadow ants live in rugged meadows. They build compact anthills. They live underground as long as the area is open enough that the sun is able to warm up the ground. Yellow meadow ants are even found in salt marshes, such as the Slufter on Texel. These insects survive tidal flooding by producing air bubbles in the nest which block out the water. Yellow meadow ants live off of lice found on grass roots. That is why you always find the anthill overgrown with grass.
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Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Gele weidemieren leven in ruig grasland. Ze bouwen compacte mierenheuvels. Als de grond nog kaal is, en de zon de aarde te veel opstookt, blijft een gele weidemier ondergronds. Gele weidemieren komen ook voor op kwelders, zoals de Slufter op Texel. Deze insecten overleven overstromingen door luchtbellen te produceren in het nest. Die bellen houden het water buiten. Gele weidemieren zijn echte boeren. Ze fokken namelijk wortelbladluizen in ondergrondse 'stallen'. De luizen zuigen het sap van graswortels op en maken er suikerrijke honingdauw van dat de mieren 'melken'. De luizen hebben er ook voordeel bij. Zonder de zorg van de mieren zouden ze beschimmelen en doodgaan.
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Diagnostic Description

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Records

(Map 53): Bulgaria ( Agosti and Collingwood 1987a , Atanassov and Dlusskij 1992 ); Western Stara Planina Mts: Milanovo vill. (Vratsa) ( Atanassov 1934 ); Central Stara Planina Mts: Botev peak (Ray hut), Vezhen hut, under Bratanitsa peak ( Atanassov 1936 ); Sofia Basin: Sofia ( Atanassov 1934 , Lapeva-Gjonova 2004b , Lapeva-Gjonova and Atanasova 2004 , Antonova 2005 , Antonova and Penev 2006 , 2008 ), the surroundings of Sofia ( Antonova and Penev 2006 ); Lyulin Mt. ( Atanassov 1934 ); Vitosha Mt. ( Atanassov 1936 , 1952 ); Podbalkan Basin: Rose valley ( Atanassov et al. 1955 ); Lozenska Planina Mt. ( Vassilev and Evtimov 1973 ); Strandzha Mt.: Balgari vill. ( Atanassov 1934 ); Belasitsa Mt. ( Atanassov 1964 ); Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: along Strumeshnitsa river ( Atanassov 1964 ); Rila Mt.: Borovets ( Atanassov 1934 ); Western Rhodopi Mts: Dobrostan vill. ( Seifert 1983 ), Smolyan, Rakitovo ( Lapeva-Gjonova in press (a) ).

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Lapeva-Gjonova, Albena, 2010, Catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria, ZooKeys, pp. 1-124, vol. 62
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Lasius flavus ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Lasius flavus és una espècie de formiga de la subfamília Formicinae que està molt estesa a Europa, però també habita a Àsia, Àfrica del nord i l'est d'Amèrica del Nord. Aquesta espècie viu principalment en els camps i prats humits, els nius són en general totalment sota terra i coberts d'herba, encara que també es poden observar que l'entrada té forma de monticle.

Les reines mesuren de 7 a 9 mil·límetres de llarg, els mascles de 3 a 4 mil·límetres i lloa obreres de 2 a 4 mil·límetres. Aquestes formigues tenen colors que van del groc al marró, la reina i els mascles són significativament més foscos. Aquest tipus de formiga és monomorfa, és a dir tots els membres són semblants en forma i no tenen soldats.

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Mravenec žlutý ( Czech )

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Mravenec žlutý (Lasius flavus) je druh rodu Lasius z čeledi mravencovití (Formicidae). Je sice malý, ale nápadný svým žlutým zbarvením a svou hbitostí. V České republice je nejhojnějším žlutým mravencem. Je blízce příbuzný druhu mravenec obecný (Lasius niger). Většinou žije pod zemí, někdy však může vytvářet až půlmetrové kupy hlíny – mohou přežívat až 140 let. V jednom hnízdě může být až 100 000 dělnic, které mohou společně s královnou přežívat dlouhodobá zaplavení.

Popis a výskyt

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Mraveniště mravence žlutého.

Patří k malým druhům mravenců. Dělnice jsou 2-4 mm dlouhé, královny 6-8,5 mm. Tělo je žluté, u větších jedinců hlava a zadeček tmavší. Krom toho, že je hojný po celé střední Evropě, je rozšířený také v Asii, severní Africe a ve východní severní Americe. Hnízdí v zemi, pod kameny, často vytváří kupy hlíny porostlé mechem, bylinami a travou. Vyhledává prosluněná travnatá stanoviště.

Potrava

Tito mravenci se živí především medovicí (sladkými sekrety ze žláz mšic). Na každého mravence by připadla asi jedna mšice. Mravenci žlutí však mšice nechovají jenom kvůli medovici, ale asi od poloviny června, kdy potřebují hodně bílkovin, mravenci přecházejí k masité stravě a své mšice konzumují. Jsou na nich tudíž závislí a při vyrušení do hnízda často odnáší i mšice. Jsou neškodní, když jsou vyrušeni nesnaží se kousnout, nýbrž se okamžitě schovají do hnízda nebo pod zem.

Způsob života

Průměrná kolonie má 20 000 dělnic. Rojení lze pozorovat za teplých večerů července a srpna. Kolonii často založí více královen, později se však projeví dominance jedné z nich a zůstane jen jedna dominantní královna (ostatní jsou vyhnány).

Literatura

  • MACEK, Jan, a kol. Blanokřídlí České republiky I.: Žahadloví. 1. vyd. Praha: Academia, 2010. 524 s. (Atlas). ISBN 978-80-200-1772-7. S. 95, 97.

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Mravenec žlutý: Brief Summary ( Czech )

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Mravenec žlutý (Lasius flavus) je druh rodu Lasius z čeledi mravencovití (Formicidae). Je sice malý, ale nápadný svým žlutým zbarvením a svou hbitostí. V České republice je nejhojnějším žlutým mravencem. Je blízce příbuzný druhu mravenec obecný (Lasius niger). Většinou žije pod zemí, někdy však může vytvářet až půlmetrové kupy hlíny – mohou přežívat až 140 let. V jednom hnízdě může být až 100 000 dělnic, které mohou společně s královnou přežívat dlouhodobá zaplavení.

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Gelbe Wiesenameise ( German )

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Die Gelbe Wiesenameise oder Gelbe Wegameise, auch Bernsteingelbe Ameise (Lasius flavus) ist eine der häufigsten Ameisen in Mitteleuropa. Sie gehört in der Unterfamilie der Schuppenameisen (Formicinae) zur Gattung der Wegameisen (Lasius) und innerhalb dieser zur Untergattung Cautolasius.

Merkmale

Die Arbeiterinnen sind 2 bis 4,5 Millimeter lang. Die Farbe variiert zwischen einem zarten Gelb und Braungelb. Sie sind sehr leicht mit Exemplaren anderer gelber Wegameisen-Arten zu verwechseln.

Die Geschlechtstiere sind sehr viel dunkler gefärbt. Die Königin ist 7 bis 9 Millimeter lang, die kleineren Männchen 3 bis 4 Millimeter. Sie schwärmen von Juni bis September und halten, wie alle mitteleuropäischen Arten, eine Winterruhe.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich über Europa, Asien, Nordafrika und den Osten Nordamerikas.

Die Gelbe Wiesenameise ist in vielen Gärten mit größeren Rasenflächen, auf Wiesen und Waldrändern anzutreffen und nimmt auch feuchte Standorte. Sie legt ihre Erdnester oft unter Steinen an und errichtet umfangreiche Erdhügel, die oft komplett von Gras überwachsen sind. Im Naturschutzgebiet Dellenhäule im württembergischen Ostalbkreis gibt es eine „Ameisenstadt“, die mit tausenden mit Gräsern und Kräutern überwachsenen Nesthügeln das weltweit größte Vorkommen einer Ameisenart ist.

Lebensweise

Sie ernährt sich fast ausschließlich von Honigtau, welcher von Wurzelläusen, die in den unterirdischen Nestern gezüchtet werden, ausgeschieden wird. Wegen dieser Art der Nahrungsversorgung verlässt die Gelbe Wiesenameise selten das Nest, um nach Nahrung zu suchen. Darum haben die Nester kaum Ausgänge.

Die Geschlechtstiere schwärmen hauptsächlich an warmen Hochsommertagen. Die Koloniegründung erfolgt oft durch mehrere Königinnen (Pleometrose). Später findet ein Kampf unter den Königinnen statt, sodass nur eine übrig bleibt und die Kolonie in eine Monogyne übergeht.

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Gelbe Wiesenameise: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Gelbe Wiesenameise oder Gelbe Wegameise, auch Bernsteingelbe Ameise (Lasius flavus) ist eine der häufigsten Ameisen in Mitteleuropa. Sie gehört in der Unterfamilie der Schuppenameisen (Formicinae) zur Gattung der Wegameisen (Lasius) und innerhalb dieser zur Untergattung Cautolasius.

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Yellow meadow ant

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The yellow meadow ant (Lasius flavus), also known as the yellow hill ant, is a species of ant occurring in Europe (where it is one of the most common ants), Asia, and North Africa.[1] Populations in North America are now considered a different, related species, Lasius brevicornis.[2]

The queen is 7–9 mm long, males 3–4 mm and workers 2–4 mm. Their colour varies from yellow to brown, with queen and males being slightly more darkly colored.

The species lives primarily underground in meadows and very commonly, lawns. The nests are often completely overgrown by grass, however, often their presence is betrayed by small mounds of loose soil material between the grass stalks. They will also nest under large rocks or concrete slabs. Lawn nesting will eventually become obvious as the aphids clear sections of grass or portions of gardens.[1]

The yellow meadow ant feeds on the honeydew from root aphids, which they breed in their nests. During winter, the aphids themselves are sometimes eaten. As a consequence of their feeding habits, the species only occasionally forages outside the nest. Evidence of their underground lives is their lack of pigmentation and the smaller size of their eyes,[3] compared to closely related species like the black garden ant. They are a timid species and will often simply barricade their tunnels to fight off invaders.

Alates (winged, unmated queens and males) can be seen on warm days and evenings of July and August. This is one of the rare times that they are seen, as workers open up their nest entrances and herd the young winged ants out of the nest. Colonies are often founded by multiple queens (pleometrosis). Later on, when the first workers emerge, fights between the founder queens will erupt, with only one queen left (monogyne). However, this species is also known to have single colonies with multiple queens and up to 250,000 workers, when they are spread out over multiple interconnected nests.[4]

Relict yellow meadow ant nests in an area reverted to woodland.

References

  1. ^ a b Price, Elizabeth (2003-10-04). Lowland Grassland and Heathland Habitats. Routledge. ISBN 9781134661251.
  2. ^ Schär, Sämi; Talavera, Gerard; Espadaler, Xavier; Rana, Jignasha D.; Andersen Andersen, Anne; Cover, Stefan P.; Vila, Roger (2018). "Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae". Journal of Biogeography. 45 (8): 1917–1928. doi:10.1111/jbi.13380. S2CID 51832848.
  3. ^ Antkeepers | Symbiosis, Lasius and Aphids
  4. ^ Raignier, Albert (1957). Het leven der mieren. Prisma, The Netherlands.

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Yellow meadow ant: Brief Summary

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The yellow meadow ant (Lasius flavus), also known as the yellow hill ant, is a species of ant occurring in Europe (where it is one of the most common ants), Asia, and North Africa. Populations in North America are now considered a different, related species, Lasius brevicornis.

The queen is 7–9 mm long, males 3–4 mm and workers 2–4 mm. Their colour varies from yellow to brown, with queen and males being slightly more darkly colored.

The species lives primarily underground in meadows and very commonly, lawns. The nests are often completely overgrown by grass, however, often their presence is betrayed by small mounds of loose soil material between the grass stalks. They will also nest under large rocks or concrete slabs. Lawn nesting will eventually become obvious as the aphids clear sections of grass or portions of gardens.

The yellow meadow ant feeds on the honeydew from root aphids, which they breed in their nests. During winter, the aphids themselves are sometimes eaten. As a consequence of their feeding habits, the species only occasionally forages outside the nest. Evidence of their underground lives is their lack of pigmentation and the smaller size of their eyes, compared to closely related species like the black garden ant. They are a timid species and will often simply barricade their tunnels to fight off invaders.

Alates (winged, unmated queens and males) can be seen on warm days and evenings of July and August. This is one of the rare times that they are seen, as workers open up their nest entrances and herd the young winged ants out of the nest. Colonies are often founded by multiple queens (pleometrosis). Later on, when the first workers emerge, fights between the founder queens will erupt, with only one queen left (monogyne). However, this species is also known to have single colonies with multiple queens and up to 250,000 workers, when they are spread out over multiple interconnected nests.

Relict yellow meadow ant nests in an area reverted to woodland.
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Lasius flavus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Lasius flavus es una especie de hormiga de la familia Formicidae que está muy extendida en Europa, pero también se encuentra en Asia, África del norte y el este de América del Norte.[1]​ Las poblaciones de Norteaméria son consideradas ahora una especie diferente, Lasius brevicornis.[2][3]

Descripción

Las reinas miden de 7 a 9 mm de largo, los machos de 3 a 4 mm y las obreras de 2 a 4 mm. Estas hormigas tienen colores que van del amarillo al marrón, la reina y los machos tienen dos colores el amarillo y el negro. Las obreras de Lasius flavus son monomorfas, es decir todos los miembros son parecidos en forma.

Hábitat

Esta especie vive principalmente en los campos y prados húmedos, los hormigueros son totalmente bajo tierra y cubiertos de hierba, la entrada se puede observar que tiene forma de montículo.

Formación de los hormigueros

Los vuelos nupciales se producen en los días más calurosos de verano. Estas hormigas son falsas poligínicas, es decir, cuando van a construir un nuevo hormiguero varias reinas se juntan y lo hacen. Conviven en el mismo hormiguero hasta que nacen las primeras obreras, entonces se pelean entre ellas hasta que sólo quede una, que será la que forme la colonia. Aunque, en algunos casos, existen colonias interconectadas que pueden llegar a tener 250 000 obreras.[4]

Alimentación

Se alimentan casi exclusivamente de la melaza secretada por los áfidos, que se reproducen en los refugios subterráneos, a los que protegen de otras amenazas a cambio de esta sustancia nutritiva. También comen pequeños insectos como las cochinillas o larvas de mosca.[cita requerida]

Referencias

  1. Price, Elizabeth (4 de octubre de 2003). Lowland Grassland and Heathland Habitats (en inglés). Routledge. ISBN 9781134661251.
  2. Schär, Sämi; Talavera, Gerard; Espadaler, Xavier; Rana, Jignasha D.; Andersen Andersen, Anne; Cover, Stefan P.; Vila, Roger (2018). «Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae». Journal of Biogeography 45 (8): 1917-1928. S2CID 51832848. doi:10.1111/jbi.13380.
  3. Bugguide.net. Lasius brevicornis
  4. Raignier, Albert (1957). Het leven der mieren. Prisma, The Netherlands.

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Lasius flavus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Lasius flavus es una especie de hormiga de la familia Formicidae que está muy extendida en Europa, pero también se encuentra en Asia, África del norte y el este de América del Norte.​ Las poblaciones de Norteaméria son consideradas ahora una especie diferente, Lasius brevicornis.​​

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Niidumurelane ( Estonian )

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Niidumurelane (Lasius flavus) on kiletiivaliste seltsi kuuluv putukaliik.

Putukat on ka Eestis.[1]

Viited

  1. Michael Chinery, 2005. Euroopa putukad. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Lk 234

Välislingid

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Niidumurelane: Brief Summary ( Estonian )

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Niidumurelane (Lasius flavus) on kiletiivaliste seltsi kuuluv putukaliik.

Putukat on ka Eestis.

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Keltiäinen ( Finnish )

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Tämä artikkeli kertoo muurahaislajista. Sanan muista merkityksistä katso Keltiäinen (täsmennyssivu).

Keltiäinen (Lasius flavus) on pieni, noin 2–4 millimetriä (työläinen) pitkä keltainen ja valonarka muurahainen. Pääasiallisena ravintonaan keltiäinen käyttää usein juurikirvoja ja niiden erittämää mesikastetta. Sen lisäksi se hyödyntää muita ravinnonlähteitä: mitä tahansa makeaa sekä pesään mahdollisesti tunkeutuvia hyönteisiä. Hyvissä olosuhteissa keltiäiset kasvattavat juurikirvoja pesissään ja syövät kesällä niiden mesikastetta ja talvisin itse kirvoja. Tästä syystä keltiäisiä näkee harvoin maan pinnalla muutoin kuin parveiluaikana, joka on Suomessa tyypillisesti elokuussa.

Keltiäinen on rauhallinen ja konflikteja välttävä, mutta keltaisen värinsä vuoksi se sekoitetaan usein pistinmuurahaisten (Myrmicinae)-alaheimon pistävään siloviholaiseen (Myrmica rubra)[1], jota kansanomaisesti usein nimitetään ”kusiaiseksi”. Keltiäisellä ei kuitenkaan ole myrkkyä eikä pistintä.

Lähteet

  1. Ant Ark / Yellow Meadow Ant (Lasius Flavus)

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä eläimiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Keltiäinen: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Tämä artikkeli kertoo muurahaislajista. Sanan muista merkityksistä katso Keltiäinen (täsmennyssivu).

Keltiäinen (Lasius flavus) on pieni, noin 2–4 millimetriä (työläinen) pitkä keltainen ja valonarka muurahainen. Pääasiallisena ravintonaan keltiäinen käyttää usein juurikirvoja ja niiden erittämää mesikastetta. Sen lisäksi se hyödyntää muita ravinnonlähteitä: mitä tahansa makeaa sekä pesään mahdollisesti tunkeutuvia hyönteisiä. Hyvissä olosuhteissa keltiäiset kasvattavat juurikirvoja pesissään ja syövät kesällä niiden mesikastetta ja talvisin itse kirvoja. Tästä syystä keltiäisiä näkee harvoin maan pinnalla muutoin kuin parveiluaikana, joka on Suomessa tyypillisesti elokuussa.

Keltiäinen on rauhallinen ja konflikteja välttävä, mutta keltaisen värinsä vuoksi se sekoitetaan usein pistinmuurahaisten (Myrmicinae)-alaheimon pistävään siloviholaiseen (Myrmica rubra), jota kansanomaisesti usein nimitetään ”kusiaiseksi”. Keltiäisellä ei kuitenkaan ole myrkkyä eikä pistintä.

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Lasius flavus ( French )

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Lasius flavus aussi connue sous le surnom de fourmi jaune est une espèce de fourmis très répandue en Europe, mais que l'on rencontre également en Asie, au nord de l'Afrique ainsi qu'à l'est de l'Amérique du Nord. Elle fait partie de la famille des Formicidae, de la sous-famille des Formicinae.

Description

La reine mesure de 7 à 9 millimètres de long, les mâles de 3 à 4 millimètres et les ouvrières de 2 à 4 millimètres. Ces fourmis ont des couleurs allant du jaune au brun, la reine et les mâles étant sensiblement plus foncés. Elles ne possèdent pas de soldats (majors) à proprement parler, mais en revanche il existe des ouvrières plus grosses que les autres, que l'on qualifie de pseudo-majors.

Habitat

Cette espèce vit principalement dans les prés, les nids étant généralement souterrains et recouverts d'herbe, mais pouvant également être observés sous forme de dômes de terre particulièrement en cas d'humidité prononcée du sol (après pluies...).

Mode de vie

Les reproducteurs essaiment surtout les jours de chaleur en plein été. Plusieurs reines s'entendent pour former une colonie. On parle alors de pléométrose. Après la fondation, certaines reines sont en général éliminées jusqu'à ce qu'une seule reste dans la colonie, qui sera alors monogyne. Elles se nourrissent presque exclusivement de miellat, sécrété par des pucerons qu'elles élèvent dans des abris souterrains où ces pucerons se nourrissent de la sève de racines. Cette vie à l'obscurité est probablement responsable de la couleur jaune des ouvrières et du faible nombre d'ommatidies − récepteurs sensibles à la lumière - de leurs yeux composés.

Voir aussi

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Lasius flavus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Lasius flavus aussi connue sous le surnom de fourmi jaune est une espèce de fourmis très répandue en Europe, mais que l'on rencontre également en Asie, au nord de l'Afrique ainsi qu'à l'est de l'Amérique du Nord. Elle fait partie de la famille des Formicidae, de la sous-famille des Formicinae.

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Seangán buí féir ( Irish )

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Is feithid é an seangán buí féir. Ball d'fhine na Formicidae atá ann.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Lasius flavus ( Italian )

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Lasius flavus Fabricius, 1782, è una formica della sottofamiglia Formicinae, diffusa in tutta l'Europa ed in alcune parti del Nord America e dell'Asia e dell'Africa del Nord.[1]

Descrizione

Le regine hanno una lunghezza media dai 7 ai 9 mm, i maschi dai 3 ai 4 mm mentre le operaie variano dai 2 ai 4 mm. Il colore varia dal giallo rossiccio fino al marrone. I maschi e le regine generalmente sono di colore più scuro. La specie è monomorfa, non esistono i soldati.

Habitat

La specie predilige fare i nidi nei prati o nei campi evitando terreni aridi. Trattandosi di formiche ipogee, i nidi sono raramente visibili poiché situati quasi completamente sottoterra.

Biologia

Alimentazione

Si nutrono di melata di afidi, con cui vivono in simbiosi, e di insetti ed aracnidi di piccole o medie dimensioni che riescono a predare.

Fondazione

Dopo il volo nuziale è abbastanza frequente che due o più regine si associno per iniziare una fondazione insieme. Dopo la nascita di un sufficiente numero di operaie, queste ultime decideranno quale regina rimarrà uccidendo le altre, si tratta di pleometrosi. Questo comportamento che può sembrare insensato porta invece a dei benefici, in quanto la fase iniziale di fondazione è quella più difficile e le specie le cui regine fanno tutto autonomamente rimanendo sfinite, hanno un alto tasso di fallimenti.

Note

  1. ^ Lasius flavus, in AntWeb. URL consultato l'11 luglio 2016.

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Lasius flavus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Lasius flavus Fabricius, 1782, è una formica della sottofamiglia Formicinae, diffusa in tutta l'Europa ed in alcune parti del Nord America e dell'Asia e dell'Africa del Nord.

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Gele weidemier ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De gele weidemier (Lasius flavus) is een insect uit de familie mieren (Formicidae). De soort komt verspreid over het Palearctisch en Nearctisch gebied voor.

Beschrijving

Deze typische mierensoort leeft ondergronds en is bruingeel van kleur, met 3 tot 5 millimeter vrij klein en de bewegingen zijn trager dan die van andere soorten mieren. De bovenkaken van de gele weidemier zijn zeer breed en opmerkelijk is dat binnen een nest niet alle mieren even groot worden, wat polymorf wordt genoemd. Als men ze bij het graven per ongeluk tegenkomt, lijkt het op het eerste gezicht om 'net uitgekomen' mieren te gaan maar het is dus een aparte soort. Mannetjes, die maar een aantal weken per jaar voorkomen, zijn gevleugeld en zwart van kleur.

Levenswijze

De ondergrondse levenswijze is geen toeval; al het voedsel wordt onder de grond gezocht. Op het menu staan deels kleine geleedpotigen maar voornamelijk zuigt deze soort honingdauw van bepaalde soorten wortelluizen, soms ook andere luizen. Deze leven ondergronds, en leven van grassen, en daarom is het deels bovengrondse nest meestal niet kaal zoals bij de rode bosmier (Formica rufa), maar begroeid. Vele soorten mieren kennen deze vorm van symbiose; bescherming in ruil voor voedsel, maar deze soort gaat nog wat verder. Er worden zelfs speciale ondergrondse kamers aangelegd zodat de luizen ongestoord kunnen zuigen - en uitscheiden. In tegenstelling tot wat de naam doet vermoeden kan de gele weidemier ook vaak in graslanden en tuinen worden aangetroffen, drogere plaatsen worden vermeden.

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Gele weidemier: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De gele weidemier (Lasius flavus) is een insect uit de familie mieren (Formicidae). De soort komt verspreid over het Palearctisch en Nearctisch gebied voor.

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Gul jordmaur ( Norwegian )

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Gul jordmaur eller gul engmaur (Lasius flavus) er ein maur i jord- og tremaurslekta. Han er den vanlegaste av dei gule jordmaurartane med god margin.

Gul jordmaur finst i heile Europa unnateke lengst nord i Fennoskandia. Han finst vidare heile vegen austover til Kamtsjatka og Japan.

Samfunn av gul jordmaur kan innehdalda opp mot 100 000 individ, og har som regel berre éi dronning.

Kjelder

  • CC-BY-icon-80x15.png Denne artikkelen nyttar som kjelde og kan innehalda tekst og formuleringar frå artikkelen Gul jordmaur Lasius flavus skriven av Frode Ødegaard, Arnstein Staverløkk og Jan Ove Gjershaug. Artikkelen vart utgjeven av Norsk institutt for naturforsking under lisensen CC BY 4.0. Henta 16. juli 2019.
    Spire Denne biologiartikkelen er ei spire. Du kan hjelpe Nynorsk Wikipedia gjennom å utvide han.
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Gul jordmaur: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Gul jordmaur eller gul engmaur (Lasius flavus) er ein maur i jord- og tremaurslekta. Han er den vanlegaste av dei gule jordmaurartane med god margin.

Gul jordmaur finst i heile Europa unnateke lengst nord i Fennoskandia. Han finst vidare heile vegen austover til Kamtsjatka og Japan.

Samfunn av gul jordmaur kan innehdalda opp mot 100 000 individ, og har som regel berre éi dronning.

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Gul engmaur ( Norwegian )

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 src=
En åpnet tue, med maur og larver
 src=
Reiret eller tuene er lett å kjenne igjen ute i naturen
Foto: Halvard Hatlen

Gul engmaur eller gul jordmaur (Lasius flavus (Fabricius, 1781)), er en liten gul maur i slekten Lasius. Den er ganske vanlig, selv om de fleste knapt har sett den, fordi den lever et skjult liv i jorden.

Utbredelse

Gul engmaur er vanlig i store deler av Norge. Den er utbredt i Europa, Nord-Amerika og Asia.

Utseende

Gul engmaur er lyst gulorange, mellom 2 og 9 mm lang. Den virker noe mer tettbygd og ikke så langstrakt som de andre artene i slekten Lasius.

Levevis

Reiret eller bolet til gul engmaur er oftest anlagt på enger, i jorden, vanligst i en gresstue. Det dannes ofte løse tuer av jord over boletet, slik at gresstuen med reieret er lett synlig.

Gul engmaur lever et skjult liv i reiret. De forer opp bladlus og skjoldlus på planterøtter og ernærer seg av lusenes avføring (honningdugg).

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

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Gul engmaur: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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 src= En åpnet tue, med maur og larver  src= Reiret eller tuene er lett å kjenne igjen ute i naturen Foto: Halvard Hatlen

Gul engmaur eller gul jordmaur (Lasius flavus (Fabricius, 1781)), er en liten gul maur i slekten Lasius. Den er ganske vanlig, selv om de fleste knapt har sett den, fordi den lever et skjult liv i jorden.

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Podziemnica zwyczajna ( Polish )

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Podziemnica zwyczajna (Lasius flavus) – gatunek mrówek z podrodziny Formicinae. Występuje pospolicie w Europie i Ameryce Północnej. Buduje ziemne kopce w częściowo nasłonecznionym miejscu na łąkach lub na skraju lasu, niewielkie kopce porośnięte są trawą przez co trudne do wypatrzenia. Niekiedy gniazda budowane są pod kamieniami w miejscach wilgotnych. Mrówki te prowadzą podziemny tryb życia żywiąc się spadzią hodowanych przez nie mszyc korzeniowych. W gniazdach podziemnic żyją skorupiaki Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii, odżywiające się odpadkami i resztkami spadzi.

W mrowisku zazwyczaj jest jedna królowa. Zdarza się jednak, że nowe gniazdo zakładane jest przez kilka królowych. Jednak gdy kolonia rozwinie się w mrowisku pozostaje jedna dominująca królowa, a pozostałe zostają usunięte. Podziemnica zwyczajna porusza się powoli w porównaniu z innymi mrówkami.

Robotnice koloru żółtego lub żołtobrunatnego mają długość od 3 do 4 mm, natomiast królowa wielkości 7–9 mm i jest ciemniejsza od robotnic. Samiec wielkości 3–4 mm czarny. Wielkość kolonii dochodzi do kilkunastu tysięcy. Rójka późnym popołudniem ciepłego dnia pod koniec ciepłego lipca lub w sierpniu.

Podziemnica zwyczajna jest mrówką łatwą w hodowli ze względu na klasztorny sposób zakładania mrowiska. Rójkowa królowa umieszczona w odpowiednio skonstruowanym formikarium składa jaja, z których wylęgają się małe mrówki. Do karmienia wystarczy podawać małe krople mieszaniny miodu z wodą, żółtka jajka i odrobiny witamin oraz od czasu do czasu niewielkie owady.

Przypisy

  1. Lasius flavus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).

Zobacz też

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Podziemnica zwyczajna: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Podziemnica zwyczajna (Lasius flavus) – gatunek mrówek z podrodziny Formicinae. Występuje pospolicie w Europie i Ameryce Północnej. Buduje ziemne kopce w częściowo nasłonecznionym miejscu na łąkach lub na skraju lasu, niewielkie kopce porośnięte są trawą przez co trudne do wypatrzenia. Niekiedy gniazda budowane są pod kamieniami w miejscach wilgotnych. Mrówki te prowadzą podziemny tryb życia żywiąc się spadzią hodowanych przez nie mszyc korzeniowych. W gniazdach podziemnic żyją skorupiaki Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii, odżywiające się odpadkami i resztkami spadzi.

W mrowisku zazwyczaj jest jedna królowa. Zdarza się jednak, że nowe gniazdo zakładane jest przez kilka królowych. Jednak gdy kolonia rozwinie się w mrowisku pozostaje jedna dominująca królowa, a pozostałe zostają usunięte. Podziemnica zwyczajna porusza się powoli w porównaniu z innymi mrówkami.

Robotnice koloru żółtego lub żołtobrunatnego mają długość od 3 do 4 mm, natomiast królowa wielkości 7–9 mm i jest ciemniejsza od robotnic. Samiec wielkości 3–4 mm czarny. Wielkość kolonii dochodzi do kilkunastu tysięcy. Rójka późnym popołudniem ciepłego dnia pod koniec ciepłego lipca lub w sierpniu.

Podziemnica zwyczajna jest mrówką łatwą w hodowli ze względu na klasztorny sposób zakładania mrowiska. Rójkowa królowa umieszczona w odpowiednio skonstruowanym formikarium składa jaja, z których wylęgają się małe mrówki. Do karmienia wystarczy podawać małe krople mieszaniny miodu z wodą, żółtka jajka i odrobiny witamin oraz od czasu do czasu niewielkie owady.

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Robotnica

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Robotnice i larwy

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Gniazdo

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Formiga-amarela-do-prado ( Portuguese )

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A formiga-amarela-do-prado, Lasius flavus, (sinonímia: Formica flava Fabricius, 1781; Lasius flavus, Mayr, 1861; Lasius flavus var. myops Forel, 1894,[1] é um dos tipos de formiga mais comuns na Europa, região mediterrânica, Sibéria,[2] ainda que também ocorra na Ásia,[1] e América do Norte oriental.[3]

A rainha mede entre 5 e 8 mm de comprimento, os machos cerca de 4 mm e as obreiras entre 2 e 4 mm.[4] As suas cores variam do amarelo ao castanho, com as rainhas e os machos a apresentarem-se com revestimento ligeiramente mais escuro.

Entre as características que as distinguem de outras espécies semelhantes está o facto de as secções inferiores das antenas e das tíbias não apresentarem pêlos.[5]

O habitat preferido destas espécies situa-se geralmente no solo de prados (como se depreende do seu nome vulgar) e em relvados. Os formigueiros são geralmente totalmente cobertos por erva, desde que a cobertura vegetal permita alguma exposição solar da superfície do solo,[6] contudo, apresentam frequentemente no exterior pequenos montículos de terra.

Alimentam-se da melada segregada por afídios que fixos a raízes, que criam no interior do formigueiro.[6] No Inverno alimentam-se dos próprios afídios. Em consequência dos seus hábitos alimentares, a espécie é raramente observada no exterior do formigueiro.

Hibernam de Novembro a Março a temperaturas que rondam os 5 a 9°C.[4]

As formas aladas (com asas) podem ser vistas em dias quentes e tardes de Julho a Agosto. Este é um dos raros períodos em que podem ser vistas, já que as obreiras arrastam as jovens formigas aladas para o exterior do formigueiro. As colónias são fundadas por múltiplas rainhas (pleometrose). Mais tarde, as rainhas fundadoras entram em luta, restando apenas uma (monoginia).

Referências bibliográficas

  1. a b «JAnt: species: Lasius flavus». ant.edb.miyakyo-u.ac.jp. Consultado em 4 de julho de 2009
  2. «"Insecta, ex Sibiria meridionali et Mongolia, in itinere Orjan Olsen 1914 collecta. C. Hymenoptera. 1. Formicidae. D. Hemiptera. 1. Homoptera cicadina."». www.archive.org. Consultado em 4 de julho de 2009
  3. «Lasius flavus». www.myrmecos.net. Consultado em 4 de julho de 2009. Arquivado do original em 27 de janeiro de 2010
  4. a b «Antsectopia - Species». www.antsectopia.com. Consultado em 4 de julho de 2009
  5. «Yellow meadow ant - Lasius flavus - ARKive». www.arkive.org. Consultado em 4 de julho de 2009. Arquivado do original em 10 de abril de 2009
  6. a b «Yellow meadow ant - Lasius flavus - Information - ARKive». www.arkive.org. Consultado em 4 de julho de 2009. Arquivado do original em 2 de agosto de 2009
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Formiga-amarela-do-prado: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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A formiga-amarela-do-prado, Lasius flavus, (sinonímia: Formica flava Fabricius, 1781; Lasius flavus, Mayr, 1861; Lasius flavus var. myops Forel, 1894, é um dos tipos de formiga mais comuns na Europa, região mediterrânica, Sibéria, ainda que também ocorra na Ásia, e América do Norte oriental.

A rainha mede entre 5 e 8 mm de comprimento, os machos cerca de 4 mm e as obreiras entre 2 e 4 mm. As suas cores variam do amarelo ao castanho, com as rainhas e os machos a apresentarem-se com revestimento ligeiramente mais escuro.

Entre as características que as distinguem de outras espécies semelhantes está o facto de as secções inferiores das antenas e das tíbias não apresentarem pêlos.

O habitat preferido destas espécies situa-se geralmente no solo de prados (como se depreende do seu nome vulgar) e em relvados. Os formigueiros são geralmente totalmente cobertos por erva, desde que a cobertura vegetal permita alguma exposição solar da superfície do solo, contudo, apresentam frequentemente no exterior pequenos montículos de terra.

Alimentam-se da melada segregada por afídios que fixos a raízes, que criam no interior do formigueiro. No Inverno alimentam-se dos próprios afídios. Em consequência dos seus hábitos alimentares, a espécie é raramente observada no exterior do formigueiro.

Hibernam de Novembro a Março a temperaturas que rondam os 5 a 9°C.

As formas aladas (com asas) podem ser vistas em dias quentes e tardes de Julho a Agosto. Este é um dos raros períodos em que podem ser vistas, já que as obreiras arrastam as jovens formigas aladas para o exterior do formigueiro. As colónias são fundadas por múltiplas rainhas (pleometrose). Mais tarde, as rainhas fundadoras entram em luta, restando apenas uma (monoginia).

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Rumena travniška mravlja ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Rumena travniška mravlja (znanstveno ime Lasius flavus) je ena najbolj razširjenih vrst mravelj v osredni Evropi, razširjena pa je tudi v Aziji, Severni Afriki in po vzhodnem delu Severne Amerike.

Opis

Matica je dolga med 7 in 9 mm, samci merijo v dolžino med 3 in 4mm, delavke pa med 2 in 4 mm. Običajno so rumene do skoraj povsem rjave barve, matica in samci pa so nekoliko temnejših odtenkov.

Ta vrsta živi pretežno pod zemljo na travnikih in livadah. Mravljišča so običajno pod zemljo, včasih pa segajo tudi nad njo in so jasno razpoznavna kot kupčki predelane zemlje. Pogosto se te mravlje zadržujejo tudi pod kamni in tlakovci. Kadar se preveč namnožijo lahko na travnikih okoli gnezd uničijo zaplate trave.

Prehranjujejo se pretežno z izločki podzemnih vrst listnih uši, ki jih v ta namen gojijo v svojih gnezdih. Pozimi pogosto jedo cele uši.

Mlade mravlje imajo krila, ki jim omogočajo, da v toplih poletnih mesecih zapustijo mravljišče in ustvarijo novo kolonijo. Pogosto se zgodi, da posamezno kolonijo osnuje več matic. Kasneje se spopadejo in v koloniji ostane le najmočnejša

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Rumena travniška mravlja: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Rumena travniška mravlja (znanstveno ime Lasius flavus) je ena najbolj razširjenih vrst mravelj v osredni Evropi, razširjena pa je tudi v Aziji, Severni Afriki in po vzhodnem delu Severne Amerike.

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Gul tuvmyra ( Swedish )

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Gul tuvmyra (Lasius flavus) är en myrart som är vanlig i Sverige

Kännetecken

Den gula tuvmyran är mellan 2 och 9 millimeter lång och gulaktigt färgad till skillnad från dess nära släkting svartmyran.

Utbredning

Den gula tuvmyran är vanlig i Sverige. Den finns i Europa, Asien, Nordafrika och Nordamerika.

Levnadssätt

Den gula tuvmyran lever ett betydligt mer tillbakadraget liv än svartmyran. Den lever ofta i en grästuva eller under stenar. Där håller den 'husdjur' i form av bladlöss och sköldlöss som lever på rötterna. Myrorna lever på lössens honungsdagg och har inget behov av att lämna boet. Därför ser man dem inte så ofta.

Källor

Externa länkar

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Gul tuvmyra: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Gul tuvmyra (Lasius flavus) är en myrart som är vanlig i Sverige

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Lasius flavus ( Vietnamese )

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Lasius flavus là một trong những kiến ​​phổ biến nhất ở Trung Âu, mặc dù nó cũng xảy ra ở châu Á, Bắc Phi và Đông Bắc Mỹ. Kiến chúa dài 7–9 mm, kiến đực dài 3–4 mm và kiến thợ dài 2–4 mm. Màu sắc của chúng thay đổi từ màu vàng sang màu nâu, với kiến chúa và kiến đực là hơi đậm màu hơn.

Loài này sống chủ yếu dưới lòng đất ở đồng cỏ và rất phổ biến ở thảm cỏ. Các tổ thường có cỏ mọc trùm lên, tuy nhiên, thường tổ của chúng có những ụ đất nhỏ vươn lên trên cỏ. Chúng cũng làm tổ dưới những tảng đá lớn hoặc các tấm bê tông. Loài kiến này ăn mật ngọt từ rệp gốc, mà chúng sinh sản trong tổ của chúng. Trong suốt mùa đông, bản thân các con rệp bị kiến ăn.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về kiến này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Lasius flavus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Lasius flavus là một trong những kiến ​​phổ biến nhất ở Trung Âu, mặc dù nó cũng xảy ra ở châu Á, Bắc Phi và Đông Bắc Mỹ. Kiến chúa dài 7–9 mm, kiến đực dài 3–4 mm và kiến thợ dài 2–4 mm. Màu sắc của chúng thay đổi từ màu vàng sang màu nâu, với kiến chúa và kiến đực là hơi đậm màu hơn.

Loài này sống chủ yếu dưới lòng đất ở đồng cỏ và rất phổ biến ở thảm cỏ. Các tổ thường có cỏ mọc trùm lên, tuy nhiên, thường tổ của chúng có những ụ đất nhỏ vươn lên trên cỏ. Chúng cũng làm tổ dưới những tảng đá lớn hoặc các tấm bê tông. Loài kiến này ăn mật ngọt từ rệp gốc, mà chúng sinh sản trong tổ của chúng. Trong suốt mùa đông, bản thân các con rệp bị kiến ăn.

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Жёлтый земляной муравей ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Без ранга: Линяющие
Без ранга: Panarthropoda
Надкласс: Шестиногие
Класс: Насекомые
Надотряд: Hymenopterida
Инфраотряд: Жалящие
Надсемейство: Formicoidea
Семейство: Муравьи
Подсемейство: Формицины
Триба: Lasiini
Род: Lasius
Вид: Жёлтый земляной муравей
Международное научное название

Lasius flavus Fabricius, 1781

Синонимы
Lasius (Cautolasius) flavus
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 577000NCBI 67763EOL 457803

Жёлтый земляной муравей, или жёлтый садовый муравей[1] (лат. Lasius flavus) — вид из рода Lasius из подсемейства Formicinae, внутри семейства Formicidae, включающее мелких по размеру земляных муравьёв. Рабочие имеют желтую окраску и длину около 2—5 мм, самки крупнее (7—9 мм), самцы мелкие (3—4 мм).

Распространение

От Европы до Японии. Северная Африка и Северная Америка.

Экология

Разводят корневых тлей. Новые семьи молодые самки основывают самостоятельно. Взрослые семьи содержат только одну матку.

Значение

Их земляные кочки-гнёзда мешают при сенокосах на лугах.

  •  src=

    Муравейник

  •  src=

    Вид сбоку

  •  src=

    Личинки

Примечания

  1. Стриганова Б. Р., Захаров А. А. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных: Насекомые (латинский-русский-английский-немецкий-французский) / Под ред. д-ра биол. наук, проф. Б. Р. Стригановой. — М.: РУССО, 2000. — С. 297. — 1060 экз.ISBN 5-88721-162-8.
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Жёлтый земляной муравей: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Жёлтый земляной муравей, или жёлтый садовый муравей (лат. Lasius flavus) — вид из рода Lasius из подсемейства Formicinae, внутри семейства Formicidae, включающее мелких по размеру земляных муравьёв. Рабочие имеют желтую окраску и длину около 2—5 мм, самки крупнее (7—9 мм), самцы мелкие (3—4 мм).

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キイロケアリ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
キイロケアリ Lasius.flavus.jpg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 節足動物門 Arthropoda : 昆虫綱 Insecta : ハチ目 Hymenoptera 亜目 : ハチ亜目 Apocrita 下目 : 有剣下目 Aculeata 上科 : スズメバチ上科 Vespoidea : アリ科 Formicidae 亜科 : ヤマアリ亜科 Formicinae : ケアリ属 Lasius : キイロケアリ L. flavus 学名 Lasius flavus
(Fabricius, 1782) 英名 Yellow Meadow Ant

キイロケアリ(Lasius flavus)は、中央ヨーロッパで最も一般的なアリの1つであり、アジア、北アフリカ、北東アメリカにも生息する。

女王アリの体長は7から9mm、オスの体長は3から4mm、働きアリの体長は2から4mmである。色は黄色から茶色であり、女王アリとオスは若干色が暗い。

この種は主に草地、特に芝生の地下に生息する。巣は完全に草に覆われるが、小さな塚を作ることもある。また、大きな岩やコンクリートの下に巣を作ることもある。

キイロケアリは、巣の中で育てるアブラムシからの蜜を食べ、冬季にはアブラムシ自体を食べる。その食性のため、この種はほとんど人目に触れることはないが、巣の外で食糧を探し回る時には見ることができる。

羽アリは、7月から8月の暖かい日の夕方に、働きアリが若い羽アリを巣の外で押す姿を稀に見ることができる。複数の女王アリによってコロニーが作られる場合もある。その場合、女王アリ同士の戦いが起こり、1匹の女王アリだけが残る。

外部リンク[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、キイロケアリに関連するカテゴリがあります。
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キイロケアリ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

キイロケアリ(Lasius flavus)は、中央ヨーロッパで最も一般的なアリの1つであり、アジア、北アフリカ、北東アメリカにも生息する。

女王アリの体長は7から9mm、オスの体長は3から4mm、働きアリの体長は2から4mmである。色は黄色から茶色であり、女王アリとオスは若干色が暗い。

この種は主に草地、特に芝生の地下に生息する。巣は完全に草に覆われるが、小さな塚を作ることもある。また、大きな岩やコンクリートの下に巣を作ることもある。

キイロケアリは、巣の中で育てるアブラムシからの蜜を食べ、冬季にはアブラムシ自体を食べる。その食性のため、この種はほとんど人目に触れることはないが、巣の外で食糧を探し回る時には見ることができる。

羽アリは、7月から8月の暖かい日の夕方に、働きアリが若い羽アリを巣の外で押す姿を稀に見ることができる。複数の女王アリによってコロニーが作られる場合もある。その場合、女王アリ同士の戦いが起こり、1匹の女王アリだけが残る。

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황개미 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

황개미개미과에 속하는, 개미의 한 종이다. 황개미는 중앙유럽에서 가장 흔한 개미중의 하나이며 아시아, 북아프리카북아프리카에서도 발견되지만,[1] 아메리카에서 황개미의 위치는 근연종 작은눈황개미가 차지하고 있다.[2] . 여왕은 7~9mm이며 수개미는 3~4mm이고 일개미는 2~4mm이다. 색은 이름대로 황색에서 연한 갈색이며, 생식개미들은 조금더 색이 짙다.

이 종은 주로 목초지와 잔디밭의 지하에서 살아간다. 둥지는 흔히 높이 자란 풀들에 덮이지만, 풀줄기 사이의 반쯤 허물어진 작은 둔덕으로 둥지의 존재가 드러나기도 한다. 진딧물이 뿌리를 빨아먹은 끝에 그 부분의 잔디나 정원의 풀들이 고사하여 개미집의 존재가 드러나게 된다.[1]

황개미는 둥지 안에서 기르는 뿌리진딧물에게서 감로를 받아먹는다. 황개미가 기르는 이 진딧물들은 특히 뿌리를 먹고 단물을 낸다. 진딧물은 겨울에 개미한테 먹히기도 한다. 이러한 먹이 습성으로 인해, 황개미는 먹이를 찾기 위해 둥지 바깥으로 자주 나갈 필요가 없다. 이러한 지하생활의 증거로, 고동털개미 등의 근연종에 비해 몸에 색소가 부족하며 눈이 상대적으로 작다.[3]. 성격이 소심하여 침입자에 대응하기 위해 개미굴을 단순히 막아버리기도 한다.

황개미의 공주개미, 수캐미는 7월, 8월의 따뜻한 낮과 저녁 무렵에 볼 수 있다. 이 때는 유시충들을 목격할 수 있는 드문 시기 중 하나이며, 일개미들은 둥지의 입구를 열어제껴 어린 날개미들을 둥지 바깥으로 몬다. 다수의 여왕이 군체를 세우는 경우가 흔하다. (pleometrosis) 후에 최초의 일개미가 등장하면 군체를 세운 여왕들은 단 하나의 여왕이 남을 때까지 싸운다. (monogyne). 하지만 이 종은 하나의 중 안에 다수의 여왕개미가 공존할 수도 있다고 알려져 있으며, 여왕개미들이 다수의 서로 연결된 둥지로 흗어지면 규모가 일개미 250,000 마리까지 성장할 수 있다.[4].

각주

  1. Price, Elizabeth (2003년 10월 4일). 《Lowland Grassland and Heathland Habitats》 (영어). Routledge. ISBN 9781134661251.
  2. Sämi Schär, Gerard Talavera, Xavier Espadaler, Jignasha D. Rana, Anne Andersen Andersen, Stefan P. Cover, Roger Vila (2018) Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans‐Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. Journal of Biogeography. doi:10.1111/jbi.13380
  3. Antkeepers | Symbiosis, Lasius and Aphids
  4. Raignier, Albert (1957). Het leven der mieren. Prisma, The Netherlands.
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황개미: Brief Summary ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

황개미는 개미과에 속하는, 개미의 한 종이다. 황개미는 중앙유럽에서 가장 흔한 개미중의 하나이며 아시아, 북아프리카북아프리카에서도 발견되지만, 아메리카에서 황개미의 위치는 근연종 작은눈황개미가 차지하고 있다. . 여왕은 7~9mm이며 수개미는 3~4mm이고 일개미는 2~4mm이다. 색은 이름대로 황색에서 연한 갈색이며, 생식개미들은 조금더 색이 짙다.

이 종은 주로 목초지와 잔디밭의 지하에서 살아간다. 둥지는 흔히 높이 자란 풀들에 덮이지만, 풀줄기 사이의 반쯤 허물어진 작은 둔덕으로 둥지의 존재가 드러나기도 한다. 진딧물이 뿌리를 빨아먹은 끝에 그 부분의 잔디나 정원의 풀들이 고사하여 개미집의 존재가 드러나게 된다.

황개미는 둥지 안에서 기르는 뿌리진딧물에게서 감로를 받아먹는다. 황개미가 기르는 이 진딧물들은 특히 뿌리를 먹고 단물을 낸다. 진딧물은 겨울에 개미한테 먹히기도 한다. 이러한 먹이 습성으로 인해, 황개미는 먹이를 찾기 위해 둥지 바깥으로 자주 나갈 필요가 없다. 이러한 지하생활의 증거로, 고동털개미 등의 근연종에 비해 몸에 색소가 부족하며 눈이 상대적으로 작다.. 성격이 소심하여 침입자에 대응하기 위해 개미굴을 단순히 막아버리기도 한다.

황개미의 공주개미, 수캐미는 7월, 8월의 따뜻한 낮과 저녁 무렵에 볼 수 있다. 이 때는 유시충들을 목격할 수 있는 드문 시기 중 하나이며, 일개미들은 둥지의 입구를 열어제껴 어린 날개미들을 둥지 바깥으로 몬다. 다수의 여왕이 군체를 세우는 경우가 흔하다. (pleometrosis) 후에 최초의 일개미가 등장하면 군체를 세운 여왕들은 단 하나의 여왕이 남을 때까지 싸운다. (monogyne). 하지만 이 종은 하나의 중 안에 다수의 여왕개미가 공존할 수도 있다고 알려져 있으며, 여왕개미들이 다수의 서로 연결된 둥지로 흗어지면 규모가 일개미 250,000 마리까지 성장할 수 있다..

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