Aptenodytes Miller & JF 1778 articles

Aptenodytes

provided by wikipedia EN

The genus Aptenodytes contains two extant species of penguins collectively known as "the great penguins".^[2]

Etymology

The name "Aptenodytes" is a composite of Ancient Greek elements, "ἀ-πτηνο-δύτης" (without-wings-diver).^[3]

Taxonomy

King penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus
- Aptenodytes patagonicus patagonicus
- Aptenodytes patagonicus halli
Emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri
Ridgen's penguin (Aptenodytes ridgeni) is an extinct species known from fossil bones of Early or Late Pliocene age.

Combined morphological and molecular data^[4] have shown the genus Aptenodytes to be basal to all other living penguins, that is, the genus split off from a branch which led to all other species. DNA evidence suggests this split occurred around 40 million years ago.^[5] This had been foreshadowed by an attempt to classify penguins by their behavior, which also predicted the genus' basal nature.^[6]

The egg of a king penguin (10 cm, c. 300 g) and that of an emperor penguin (11.1–12.7 cm, 345–515 g).^[7] At right a king penguin pair is changing the egg guard at South Georgia Island, where over 30 colonies of king penguin reside. An important cause for reproductive failure in some penguin species is mistiming between parents for incubation relief.^[7]

Species

Two monotypic species are extant:^[8]

References

Aptenodytes patagonicus, the king penguin

^ Gill, B.J. (2010). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica (Fourth ed.). Wellington: Te PaPa Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-1-877385-59-9.
^ DeNapoli, Dyan (2010). The Great Penguin Rescue. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4391-4817-4.
^ "British Museum - King penguin". British Museum. 2008-08-05. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
^ Ksepka, D. T. B.; Sara Giannini; Norberto P. (2006). "The phylogeny of the living and fossil Sphenisciformes (penguins)". Cladistics. 22 (5): 412–441. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00116.x. S2CID 85673628.
^ Baker AJ, Pereira SL, Haddrath OP, Edge KA (2006). "Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling". Proc Biol Sci. 273 (1582): 11–17. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3260. PMC 1560011. PMID 16519228.
^ Jouventin P (1982). "Visual and vocal signals in penguins, their evolution and adaptive characters". Adv. Ethol. 24: 1–149.
^ ^a ^b "Penguins: Reproduction". seaworld.org. SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Ciconiiformes (Version 9.004)". www.zoonomen.net. 2008-07-05.
^ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. "Aptenodytes forsteri". Archived from the original on 23 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-01.

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Aptenodytes: Brief Summary

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The genus Aptenodytes contains two extant species of penguins collectively known as "the great penguins".

license: cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright: Wikipedia authors and editors

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Description

provided by World Register of Marine Species

Size: very large, 1.0-1.3 m tall. Plumage: yellow on upper breast. Bare parts: bill long, slender, pointed, slightly decurved.

Brown, L.H., E.K. Urban & K. Newman. (1982). The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London.

license: cc-by-4.0
copyright: WoRMS Editorial Board

contributor: Edward Vanden Berghe [email]

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partner site: World Register of Marine Species