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Biology

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Due to the difficult access of the Pyramid islet, and the frequently challenging sea and weather conditions surrounding it, the Chatham albatross remains one of the least known of the world's albatross species (2) (5). It is thought to lay a single egg every year, in August or September, and incubate it for 66 to 72 days. The egg hatches between October and December, and the chick is thought to fledge between February and April (2) (6). Incubation of the egg and feeding of the chick is carried out by both parents, in five day stints (5). From late July to early April, non-breeders followed by successful breeders migrate across the South Pacific to Chile and Peru. Tracking of the albatross has shown that they complete this immense journey in 11 to 30 days (4). They then return to the Chatham Islands via a more northerly route in July and August (2). Out over the ocean, the Chatham albatross feeds on a diet of squid, fish and krill (7). Returning back to 'The Pyramid', the albatrosses form dense colonies on the grassy and rocky slopes, ready to breed again (6). Young chicks have been recorded first returning to the breeding colony at four years of age and first breeding at the age of seven (7).
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Biology

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Due to the difficult access of the Pyramid islet, and the frequently challenging sea and weather conditions surrounding it, the Chatham albatross remains one of the least known of the world's albatross species (2) (5). It is thought to lay a single egg every year, in August or September, and incubate it for 66 to 72 days. The egg hatches between October and December, and the chick is thought to fledge between February and April (2) (6). Incubation of the egg and feeding of the chick is carried out by both parents, in five day stints (5). From late July to early April, non-breeders followed by successful breeders migrate across the South Pacific to Chile and Peru. Tracking of the albatross has shown that they complete this immense journey in 11 to 30 days (4). They then return to the Chatham Islands via a more northerly route in July and August (2). Out over the ocean, the Chatham albatross feeds on a diet of squid, fish and krill (7). Returning back to 'The Pyramid', the albatrosses form dense colonies on the grassy and rocky slopes, ready to breed again (6). Young chicks have been recorded first returning to the breeding colony at four years of age and first breeding at the age of seven (7).
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Conservation

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The Chatham albatross is listed on Annex I of The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP). ACAP is a multilateral agreement which seeks to conserve albatrosses and petrels by coordinating international activity to lessen known threats to these species (8). The Chatham albatross's breeding site, 'The Pyramid', is privately owned and special permission for landing must be obtained from the owners (5). This, and the island's difficult access, may offer the albatross some protection, but legal protection of the site is still urgently required (7). Developing and implementing techniques to reduce fisheries by-catch, particularly by longliners (3), would benefit the Chatham albatross and the many other albatrosses that die needlessly on the end of fishing hooks.
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Conservation

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The Chatham albatross is listed on Annex I of The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP). ACAP is a multilateral agreement which seeks to conserve albatrosses and petrels by coordinating international activity to lessen known threats to these species (8). The Chatham albatross's breeding site, 'The Pyramid', is privately owned and special permission for landing must be obtained from the owners (5). This, and the island's difficult access, may offer the albatross some protection, but legal protection of the site is still urgently required (7). Developing and implementing techniques to reduce fisheries by-catch, particularly by longliners (3), would benefit the Chatham albatross and the many other albatrosses that die needlessly on the end of fishing hooks.
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Description

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One of the least known of the world's albatrosses (2), this oceanic bird breeds only on a tiny rocky islet in the Pacific Ocean. The Chatham albatross has grey-black plumage on the back, tail and upper sides of the wings, while the rump and underparts are white. The crown, face and throat are dark grey, contrasting with the sharp bill, which is bright yellow with a dark spot at the tip of the lower mandible. Juveniles have more grey plumage and a blue-grey bill, with black tips to both mandibles (3).
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Description

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One of the least known of the world's albatrosses (2), this oceanic bird breeds only on a tiny rocky islet in the Pacific Ocean. The Chatham albatross has grey-black plumage on the back, tail and upper sides of the wings, while the rump and underparts are white. The crown, face and throat are dark grey, contrasting with the sharp bill, which is bright yellow with a dark spot at the tip of the lower mandible. Juveniles have more grey plumage and a blue-grey bill, with black tips to both mandibles (3).
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Habitat

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The Chatham albatross nests on rocky ledges and steep slopes (5). They forage in oceans over the continental slope, particularly in areas of upwelling (4).
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Habitat

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The Chatham albatross nests on rocky ledges and steep slopes (5). They forage in oceans over the continental slope, particularly in areas of upwelling (4).
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Range

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Breeds solely on a small, precipitous rock in the Chatham Islands called 'The Pyramid', to the east of New Zealand (2). When not breeding, it migrates across the South Pacific and can be found off the coast of Peru and Chile (4).
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Range

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Breeds solely on a small, precipitous rock in the Chatham Islands called 'The Pyramid', to the east of New Zealand (2). When not breeding, it migrates across the South Pacific and can be found off the coast of Peru and Chile (4).
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Status

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Classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
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Status

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Classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
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Threats

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Having only a single, tiny breeding site makes the Chatham albatross incredibly vulnerable to any threats; a single catastrophic event could devastate the entire population. During the 1980s, severe storms and changed climatic conditions resulted in the loss of soil and vegetation from 'The Pyramid' (7). The lack of soil and vegetation with which to build nests resulted in poorer nests that are prone to collapse in dry periods (5) (7). There is a history of Moriori and other Chatham Island settlers harvesting albatross fledglings. Annual harvesting may still occur, and though only small numbers are taken (7), this could still have an effect on the population (3). At sea, the Chatham albatross is killed by longline fishing vessels off the coast off Chile, Peru and New Zealand (7).
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Threats

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Having only a single, tiny breeding site makes the Chatham albatross incredibly vulnerable to any threats; a single catastrophic event could devastate the entire population. During the 1980s, severe storms and changed climatic conditions resulted in the loss of soil and vegetation from 'The Pyramid' (7). The lack of soil and vegetation with which to build nests resulted in poorer nests that are prone to collapse in dry periods (5) (7). There is a history of Moriori and other Chatham Island settlers harvesting albatross fledglings. Annual harvesting may still occur, and though only small numbers are taken (7), this could still have an effect on the population (3). At sea, the Chatham albatross is killed by longline fishing vessels off the coast off Chile, Peru and New Zealand (7).
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Chathamalbatros ( Afrikaans )

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Die Chathamalbatros (Thalassarche eremita) is 'n voël wat seldsaam is aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus. Die voël is 90 – 100 cm groot en weeg 3 - 4.8 kg en het 'n vlekspan van 2.3 - 2.6 meter. Hierdie voël is krities bedreigd. Hulle broei op die Chatham-eilande by Nieu-Seeland. In Engels staan die voël bekend as Chatham albatross.

Fotogalery

Sien ook

Bron

Verwysings

  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassarche eremita". IUCN Rooilys van Bedreigde Spesies. Weergawe 2012.1. Internasionale Unie vir die Bewaring van die Natuur. Besoek op 16 Julie 2012.
  2. Brands, S. (2008)
Wiki letter w.svg Hierdie artikel is ’n saadjie. Voel vry om Wikipedia te help deur dit uit te brei.
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Chathamalbatros: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Chathamalbatros (Thalassarche eremita) is 'n voël wat seldsaam is aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus. Die voël is 90 – 100 cm groot en weeg 3 - 4.8 kg en het 'n vlekspan van 2.3 - 2.6 meter. Hierdie voël is krities bedreigd. Hulle broei op die Chatham-eilande by Nieu-Seeland. In Engels staan die voël bekend as Chatham albatross.

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Albatroz Chatham ( Breton )

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Albatroz Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) a zo un evn-mor eus kerentiad ar Procellariidae.

Annez

Ne ouenn nemet en ul lec'h er bed, e Tarakoikoia (The Pyramid), ur garreg en Inizi Chatham e Zeland-Nevez[1][2].

Rummatadur

Diouzh an evnoniourien e vez renket albatroz Chatham en urzhiad Ciconiiformes pe Procellariiformes hag er c'herentiad Procellariidae pe Diomedeidae.

Daveennoù

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Albatroz Chatham: Brief Summary ( Breton )

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Albatroz Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) a zo un evn-mor eus kerentiad ar Procellariidae.

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Albatros de les Chatham ( Catalan; Valencian )

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L'albatros de les Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) és un gran ocell marí de la família dels diomedeids (Diomedeidae) que habita al Pacífic sud. Se l'ha considerat una subespècie de l'albatros de casquet blanc. És un ocell d'hàbits pelàgics, cria únicament a les illes Chatham, dispersant-se pel Pacífic sud, des de l'est d'Austràlia fins a la costa occidental d'Amèrica del Sud.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Albatros de les Chatham Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Albatros de les Chatham: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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L'albatros de les Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) és un gran ocell marí de la família dels diomedeids (Diomedeidae) que habita al Pacífic sud. Se l'ha considerat una subespècie de l'albatros de casquet blanc. És un ocell d'hàbits pelàgics, cria únicament a les illes Chatham, dispersant-se pel Pacífic sud, des de l'est d'Austràlia fins a la costa occidental d'Amèrica del Sud.

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Chathamalbatros ( Danish )

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Chathamalbatros (latin: Thalassarche eremita) er en stormfugl, der lever ved Chatham Øerne.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Stub
Denne artikel om fugle er kun påbegyndt. Hvis du ved mere om emnet, kan du hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den.
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Chathamalbatros: Brief Summary ( Danish )

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Chathamalbatros (latin: Thalassarche eremita) er en stormfugl, der lever ved Chatham Øerne.

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Chatham-Albatros ( German )

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Der Chatham-Albatros (Thalassarche eremita) ist eine Vogelart aus der Familie der Albatrosse. Er wurde lange Zeit als Unterart des Weißkappenalbatros eingeordnet, wird aber seit 1998 als eigenständige Art betrachtet. Die Art wird von der IUCN als gefährdet (vulnerable) eingestuft. Grund für die Einordnung ist der Bestand von lediglich 11.000 geschlechtsreifen Individuen und das sehr kleine Brutgebiet.[1] Außergewöhnliche Ereignisse wirken sich sehr schnell stark auf den Bestand aus. Mehrere starke Stürme im Jahr 1985 haben auf der einzigen Insel, auf der Chatham-Albatrosse brüten, die Zahl der möglichen Brutplätze deutlich reduziert. Die Langleinenfischerei ist ein weiterer bestandsgefährdender Faktor für diese Art.[2]

Erscheinungsbild

Der Chatham-Albatros ist geringfügig größer als der Weißkappenalbatros. Die Flügellänge beträgt 54 bis 59 Zentimeter, das Gewicht 3,1 bis 4,7 Kilogramm.[3] Er ist damit ein mittelgroßer Albatros. Der Kopf ist dunkelgrau und kontrastiert deutlich mit der weißen Körperunterseite und den weißen Unterflügeln, die an den Flügelrändern eine dunkle Linie aufweisen. Das dunkle Auge ist von einem dunklen, dreieckigen Fleck umgeben. Dies verleiht dem Chatham-Albatros einen Gesichtsausdruck, der auf den menschlichen Betrachter streng und ernst wirkt. Der Schnabel ist leuchtend gelb, die Spitze des Unterschnabels ist schwarz. Die Beine und Füße sind bläulich-grau.

Jungvögel ähneln den adulten Chatham-Albatrossen stark. Sie haben lediglich einen dunkleren Schnabel und auch das Gesicht und die Kehle sind dunkler als bei adulten Vögeln.

Verbreitungsgebiet

Der Chatham-Albatros brütet ausschließlich auf The Pyramid, einer zu den Chatham-Inseln gehörenden Insel. Belegt ist außerdem ein nicht erfolgreicher Brutversuch auf den Snaresinseln. Nicht brütende Vögel halten sich in einer Region auf, die vom Westen Tasmaniens bis an die Küste Chiles reicht. Vor der Küste Perus überwintert ein größerer Teil der Population. Zahlreiche Individuen halten sich in dieser Zeit über Gewässern auf, die östlich von Neuseeland liegen. Ein Chatham-Albatros wurde allerdings auch schon vor der Küste Südafrikas beobachtet.[3]

Nahrung

Der Chatham-Albatros frisst Fische, Kopffüßer, Rankenfußkrebse und andere Krebstiere. Er nimmt seine Nahrung überwiegend von der Gewässeroberfläche auf, taucht aber gelegentlich auch ins Wasser ein. Während der Nahrungssuche ist er häufig mit anderen Albatrossen und anderen Seevögeln vergesellschaftet. Während der Brutzeit sucht er seine Nahrung in der Nähe der Brutkolonien. Er lebt außerhalb der Fortpflanzungszeit einzelgängerisch.

Fortpflanzung

Der Chatham-Albatros ist ein Koloniebrüter. Er brütet jährlich, die Fortpflanzungszeit beginnt im August und September. Das Nest befindet sich auf Hügeln und Klippen, die seewärts ausgerichtet sind. Es wird aus Schlamm, Guano, Federn und anderem Material errichtet. Das Gelege besteht aus einem Ei. Das Ei hat eine weißliche Schalenfarbe mit rotbraunen Flecken am breiteren Ende. Die Brutzeit dauert 66 bis 72 Tage. Der Jungvogel wird im Zeitraum Februar bis Dezember flügge.[2]

Belege

Literatur

  • Hadoram Shirihai: A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife. The Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and Southern Ocean. Alula Press, Degerby 2002, ISBN 951-98947-0-5.
  • James McQuilken: Die Nebel der Zeit. Spitzbergen.de-Verlag, 2012.

Einzelbelege

  1. BirdLife Factsheet zum Chatham-Albatros, aufgerufen am 27. November 2010.
  2. a b Shirihai, S. 117.
  3. a b Shirihai, S. 116.

Weblinks

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Chatham-Albatros: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Chatham-Albatros (Thalassarche eremita) ist eine Vogelart aus der Familie der Albatrosse. Er wurde lange Zeit als Unterart des Weißkappenalbatros eingeordnet, wird aber seit 1998 als eigenständige Art betrachtet. Die Art wird von der IUCN als gefährdet (vulnerable) eingestuft. Grund für die Einordnung ist der Bestand von lediglich 11.000 geschlechtsreifen Individuen und das sehr kleine Brutgebiet. Außergewöhnliche Ereignisse wirken sich sehr schnell stark auf den Bestand aus. Mehrere starke Stürme im Jahr 1985 haben auf der einzigen Insel, auf der Chatham-Albatrosse brüten, die Zahl der möglichen Brutplätze deutlich reduziert. Die Langleinenfischerei ist ein weiterer bestandsgefährdender Faktor für diese Art.

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Chatham albatross

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Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania
Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania

The Chatham albatross (Thalassarche eremita), also known as the Chatham mollymawk or Chatham Island mollymawk,[4] is a medium-sized black-and-white albatross which breeds only on The Pyramid, a large rock stack in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the shy albatross Thalassarche cauta. It is the smallest of the shy albatross group.

Taxonomy

Mollymawks are a type of albatross that belong to family Diomedeidae of the order Procellariiformes, along with shearwaters, fulmars, storm petrels, and diving petrels. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns. Although the nostrils on the albatross are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between 7 and 9 horny plates. Finally, they produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This is used against predators as well as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights.[5] They also have a salt gland that is situated above the nasal passage and helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose.[6]

The Chatham albatross, with the white-capped, shy and Salvin's albatrosses, were all considered the same species until a 1998 book by Robertson and Nunn.[7] Other experts followed suit, with BirdLife International in 2000,[8] Brooke in 2004,[9] ACAP in 2006,[10] and SACC in 2008.[11][12][13] Though some, such as James Clements, did not agree.[14]

The Chatham albatross was first described as Diomedea cauta eremita by Robert Cushman Murphy, in 1930, based on a specimen from Pyramid Rock.[3]

Description

The Chatham albatross weighs 3.1 to 4.7 kg (6.8–10.4 lb)[4] and it has a length of 90 cm (35 in). The adult has a dark grey crown, face, upper mantle, back, upperwing, tail, and throat. They have a white rump and underparts. They also have a black thumbmark on the leading edge of the underwings, and a black tip on the wings. Their bill is yellow with a dark spot on the tip of the lower mandible.[8] Finally, they have an orange cheek stripe.[4] The juveniles have more extensive grey and their bill is blue-grey with black tips on both mandibles.[8][11][12][13]

Behaviour

Chatham Albatross-off Eaglehawk TAS-03Sept2011.jpg

They are normally silent, but will emit a harsh buzzing bray when threatened and also during courtship. Besides the sound they will put on a courtship display which includes fanning of the tail, mutual jousting of bills, and grunting.[4]

Feeding

The Chatham albatross feeds on fish, cephalopods,[15] krill, and barnacles.[4]

Reproduction

This species of albatross breeds annually on rocky ledges, steep slopes, and crevices. They build pedestal nests of soil and vegetation.[4] At this time The Pyramid is their only breeding site. They lay their single egg between 20 August and 1 October, with the egg hatching in November or December, after 68–72 days. The chicks fledge by March or April,[15] or 130 to 140 days after hatching. Juveniles return to the colony after four years, but do not breed until their seventh year.[4]

Range and habitat

The Chatham albatross nests only on The Pyramid in the Chatham Islands. Using aerial photography, in 1998, scientists estimated that there were between 3,200 and 4,200 pairs nesting.[16] Ground counts from 1999 to 2003 increased this number to 5,300[3] pairs for a total of approximately 11,000 breeding age birds. When not breeding they range in the South Pacific from Tasmania to Chile and Peru. From April to July they will utilize the Humboldt Current and go as far north as 6°S along the South American coast.[3][17]

Conservation

The IUCN has classified this species as Vulnerable,[1] due to the fact that they nest on one small island, which has undergone significant decline in habitat condition. In 1985 a severe storm impacted the island by reducing the amount of vegetation.[16] The conditions have been improving since 1998.[3] As with other albatrosses, commercial fishing impacts their survival, with longline[3][18] and the occasional trawl line. Illegal harvesting of chicks occurs occasionally.[19]

In 2014, the Chatham Islands Taiko Trust translocated 50 juvenile albatrosses to a protected breeding site on Main Chatham Island, some 50 km north of the Pyramid. It was hoped that a new colony could be established within five years which would give the species a chance to thrive in less extreme conditions.[20] In total 300 chicks were trans-located over the period 2014 to 2018. Each day during the period of the project, 60KG of a squid and fish mixture was prepared, warmed and fed, to the chicks by volunteers of the Chatham Island Taiko Trust. The success or the translocation project is not yet confirmed. The birds, once they depart the colony, spend five to seven years at sea. If the birds return to nest on the new location this will provide an indication of the projects' success.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche eremita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22698393A132644476. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698393A132644476.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ Brands, S. (2008)
  3. ^ a b c d e f Robertson, C. J. R., et al. (2003)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Robertson, C. J. R. (2003)
  5. ^ Double, M. C. (2003)
  6. ^ Ehrlich, Paul R. (1988)
  7. ^ Robertson, C. J. R. & Nunn, G. B. (1998)
  8. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2008)
  9. ^ Brooke, M. (2004)
  10. ^ ACAP (2007)
  11. ^ a b Remsen Jr., J. V. (2004)
  12. ^ a b Remsen Jr., J. V. (2005)
  13. ^ a b Remsen Jr., J. V. (2008)
  14. ^ Clements, J. (2007)
  15. ^ a b Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. (1990)
  16. ^ a b Croxall, J. P. & Gales, R. (1998)
  17. ^ BirdLife International (2004)
  18. ^ New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries (2007)
  19. ^ Taylor, G. A. (2000)
  20. ^ Heimbuch, Jaymi. "Why are these wild albatross chicks sitting in flower pots?". Mother Nature Network. Narrative Content Group. Retrieved 29 March 2020.

References

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wikipedia EN

Chatham albatross: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN
Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania

The Chatham albatross (Thalassarche eremita), also known as the Chatham mollymawk or Chatham Island mollymawk, is a medium-sized black-and-white albatross which breeds only on The Pyramid, a large rock stack in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the shy albatross Thalassarche cauta. It is the smallest of the shy albatross group.

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Ĉathama albatroso ( Esperanto )

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La Ĉathama albatroso (Thalassarche eremita), konata ankaŭ kiel Ĉathama talasarkoĈathaminsula albatroso,[1] estas mezgranda blankanigra albatroso kiu reproduktiĝas en La Piramido, granda rokaĵo en la insuloj Ĉathamoj, Novzelando. Ĝi estas foje traktita kiel subspecio de la Singarda albatroso Thalassarche cauta. Ĝi estas la plej malgranda el la grupo de la Singarda albatroso.

Taksonomio

Talasarkoj estas tipo de albatrosoj kiuj apartenas al la familio de Diomedeedoj kaj al la ordo de Procelarioformaj, kun pufinoj, fulmaroj, ŝtormopetreloj, kaj merĝopetreloj. Ili kunhavas iajn identigajn karakterojn. Unue, ili havas nazajn trapasejojn kiuj ligiĝas al la supra beko nome narikornoj[2], kvankam la naztruoj ĉe albatrosoj estas en la flankoj de la beko. La bekoj de Procelarioformaj estas unikaj ankaŭ en tio ke ili disiĝas en inter 7 kaj 9 kornecaj platoj. Fine, ili produktas stomakoleon faritan el vaksoesteroj kaj trigliceridoj kiu estas stokita en la proventrikulo. Tio estas uzata kontraŭ predantoj sane kiel energiriĉa manĝofonto kaj por idoj kaj por plenkreskuloj dum ties longaj flugoj.[3]

Ili havas ankaŭ salglandon situanta super la naza trapasejo kiu helpas sensaligi ties korpojn, pro la alta kvanto de oceana akvo kiun ili englutas. Ĝi elpelas altan salan solvaĵon el sia nazo.[4]

La Ĉathama albatroso, kun la Blankakrona, la Singarda, kaj la Salvina albatrosoj, estis ĉiuj konsideritaj sama specio ĝis libro de 1998 fare de Robertson kaj Nunn.[5] Aliaj fakuloj sekvis, kun BirdLife International en 2000,[6] Brooke en 2004,[7] ACAP en 2006,[8] kaj la SACC en 2008.[9][10][11] Kvankam, kelkaj kiel James Clements, ne interkonsentis.[12]

La Ĉathama albatroso estis unuafoje priskribita kiel Diomedea cauta eremita fare de Robert Cushman Murphy, en 1930, baze sur specimeno el la roko Piramido.[13]

Aspekto

La Ĉathama albatroso pezas 3.1 al 4.7 kg[1] kaj ĝi havas longon de 90 cm. La plenkreskulo havas malhelgrizajn kronon, vizaĝon, dorson, supraflugilojn, voston, kaj gorĝon. Ili havas blankajn pugon kaj subajn partojn. Ili havas nigrajn markostriojn en antaŭa bordo de subflugiloj, kaj nigran pinton en flugiloj. Ties beko estas flava kun malhela punkto en la pinto de suba makzelo.[6] Fine, ili havas oranĝan vangostrion.[1] La junuloj havas pli etendan grizon kaj ties beko estas blugriza kun nigraj pintoj en ambaŭ makzeloj.[6][9][10][11]

Kutimaro

Chatham Albatross-off Eaglehawk TAS-03Sept2011.jpg

Ili estas kutime silentaj, sed elsendas akran zuman azenecan blekon kaze de minaco kaj ankaŭ dum pariĝado, kio inkludas ankaŭ ventumiligon de la vosto, mutuan bekoskermadon kaj gruntadon.[1]

Manĝo

La Ĉathama albatroso manĝas fiŝojn, cefalopodojn,[14] krilon, kaj ciripediulojn.[1]

Reproduktado

Tiu specio de albatroso reproduktiĝas ĉiujare sur rokaj kornicoj, deklivoj, kaj fendoj. Ili konstruas piedestalajn nestojn de grundo kaj vegetaĵaro.[1] Ĝis nune La Piramido estas ĝia ununura reproduktejo. La ino demetas sian ununuran ovon inter la 20a de aŭgusto kaj la 1a de oktobro, kaj eloviĝo okazas en novembro aŭ decembro, post 68–72 tagoj. La elnestiĝo okazas ĉirkaŭ marto aŭ aprilo,[14] nome 130 al 140 tagoj post eloviĝo. La junuloj revenas al la kolonio post kvar jaroj, sed ili ne reproduktiĝas ĝis ties sepa jaro.[1]

Teritorio kaj habitato

Reprodukta Populacio kaj Tendencoj[6] Loko Populacio Dato Tendenco La Piramido Ĉathamoj 5,300 paroj 2003 Stabila Totalo 11,000 2003 Stabila

La Ĉathama albatroso nestumas nur en La Piramido en la Ĉathamoj. Uzante aerajn fotojn en 1998, sciencistoj ĉirkaŭkalkulis, ke estas inter 3,200 kaj 4,200 paroj nestumantaj.[15] Grundokalkuloj el 1999 al 2003 pliigis tiun nombron al 5,300[13] paroj por totalo de proksimume 11,000 reproduktaĝaj birdoj. For de la reprodukta sezono ili havas teritorion en la Suda Pacifiko el Tasmanio al Ĉilio kaj Peruo. El aprilo al julio ili uzas la helpon de la Humboldta Marfluo kaj iras tiom for norden kiom ĝis 6°S laŭlonge de la marbordo de Sudameriko.[13][16]

Konservado

La IUCN klasigis tiun specion kiel Draste Endanĝerita,[17] pro la fakto ke ili nestumas sur unu malgranda insulo, kiu suferis gravan malpliigon de la habitata kondiĉo. En 1985 forta ŝtormo frapis la insulon kaj malpliigis la kvanto de vegetaĵaro.[15] La kondiĉoj pliboniĝis ekde 1998.[13] Kiel ĉe aliaj albatrosoj, komerca fiŝkaptado minacas ties survivadon, ĉefe multhokado[13][18] kaj eventuala trenreta fiŝkaptado. Kontraŭleĝa kolektado de idoj okazas foje.[19]

Notoj

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Robertson, C. J. R. (2003)
  2. Sibley D. A. (2001)
  3. Double, M. C. (2003)
  4. Ehrlich, Paul R. (1988)
  5. Robertson, C. J. R. & Nunn, G. B. (1998)
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 BirdLife International (2008)(a)
  7. Brooke, M. (2004)
  8. ACAP (2007)
  9. 9,0 9,1 Remsen Jr., J. V. (2004)
  10. 10,0 10,1 Remsen Jr., J. V. (2005)
  11. 11,0 11,1 Remsen Jr., J. V. (2008)
  12. Clements, J. (2007)
  13. 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 Robertson, C. J. R., et. al (2003)
  14. 14,0 14,1 Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. (1990)
  15. 15,0 15,1 Croxall, J. P. & Gales, R. (1998)
  16. BirdLife International (2004)
  17. BirdLife International (2012). Thalassarche eremita. Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj. Versio 2012.1. Internacia Unio por la Konservo de Naturo. Elŝutita 16a Julio 2012.
  18. New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries (2007)
  19. Taylor, G. A. (2000)

Referencoj

  • "Species Assessments" (PDF). ACAP (Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels). 2007. Konsultita la 24an de majo 2012.
  • Threatened birds of the world 2004 (CD-ROM). Cambridge, U.K.: BirdLife International. 2004.
  • BirdLife International (2008(a)). "Chatham Albatross - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. Konsultita la 25an de majo 2010.
  • Brands, Sheila (Aug 14 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification - Diomedea (Thalassogeron) cauta -". Project: The Taxonomicon. Konsultita la 22an de Feb 2009.
  • Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae". Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850125-0.
  • Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
  • Croxall, J. P.; Gales, R. (1998). "Assessment of the conservation status of albatrosses". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. Albatross biology and conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
  • Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J. et al. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8. Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2 ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107–111. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
  • Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988). The Birders Handbook (First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp. 29–31. ISBN 0-671-65989-8.
  • Marchant, S.; Higgins, P. J. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, 1: ratites to ducks. Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-553068-1
  • "More measures for seabird protection" (Press release). New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries. 13 Sep 2007. Konsultita la 22an Feb 2009.
  • Remsen Jr., J. V.; et. al (Dec 2004). "Proposal No. 155 to South American Check-list Committee: Split Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta into two or three species". South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Konsultita la 18 Feb 2009.
  • Remsen Jr., J. V.; et. al (Feb 2005). "Proposal (#166) to South American Classification Committee: Re-lump Thalassarche eremita and Thalassarche salvini with Thalassarche cauta". South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Konsultita la 18 Feb 2009.
  • Remsen Jr., J. V.; et. al (28 Feb 2008). "Proposal (#255) to South American Classification Committee : Follow-up to Proposal 155: Split Thalassarche cauta into three species". South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Konsultita la 18 Feb 2009.
  • Robertson, C. J. R. (2003). "Albatrosses (Diomedeidae)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J. et al. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8. Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2 ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. p. 120. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
  • Robertson, C. J. R.; Bell, D.; Sinclair, N.; Bell, B. D. (2003). "Distribution of seabirds from New Zealand that overlap with fisheries worldwide". Science for Conservation (Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation) (233).
  • Robertson, C. J. R.; Nunn, G. B. (1998). "Towards a new taxonomy for albatrosses". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. Albatross biology and conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons. pp. 13–19.
  • Taylor, G. A. (2000). "Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand. Wellington: Department of Conservation". Threatened Species Occasional Publication (16).

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Ĉathama albatroso: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

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La Ĉathama albatroso (Thalassarche eremita), konata ankaŭ kiel Ĉathama talasarko aŭ Ĉathaminsula albatroso, estas mezgranda blankanigra albatroso kiu reproduktiĝas en La Piramido, granda rokaĵo en la insuloj Ĉathamoj, Novzelando. Ĝi estas foje traktita kiel subspecio de la Singarda albatroso Thalassarche cauta. Ĝi estas la plej malgranda el la grupo de la Singarda albatroso.

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Thalassarche eremita ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El albatros de Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) es un albatros blanco y negro de tamaño medio que cría únicamente en The Pyramid, una gran roca de las islas Chatham, en Nueva Zelanda. En ocasiones se le considera una subespecie de T. cauta.

Las condiciones del islote en el que estos albatros crían han sufrido una significativa degradación por lo que el ave ha sido listada como en peligro crítico por la UICN. La población estimada en la actualidad ronda los 11 000 individuos.

Imágenes

Referencias

  1. BirdLife International (2012). «Thalassarche eremita». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 16 de julio de 2012.

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Thalassarche eremita: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El albatros de Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) es un albatros blanco y negro de tamaño medio que cría únicamente en The Pyramid, una gran roca de las islas Chatham, en Nueva Zelanda. En ocasiones se le considera una subespecie de T. cauta.

Las condiciones del islote en el que estos albatros crían han sufrido una significativa degradación por lo que el ave ha sido listada como en peligro crítico por la UICN. La población estimada en la actualidad ronda los 11 000 individuos.

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Thalassarche eremita ( Basque )

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Thalassarche eremita Thalassarche generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Diomedeidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Thalassarche eremita: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Thalassarche eremita Thalassarche generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Diomedeidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Albatros des Chatham ( French )

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Thalassarche eremita

L'Albatros des Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) ou Albatros de Chatham, est une espèce d'oiseaux de mer de la famille des Diomedeidae.

Description

Cet albatros pèse de 3,1 à 4,7 kg pour une envergure de 210 à 260 cm.

La tête et le cou sont entièrement gris et contrastent avec la poitrine blanche. Le bec est jaune vif avec la pointe de la mandibule inférieure sombre. Le dessous des ailes est blanc bordé de noir.

Répartition

L'Albatros des Chatham niche sur The Pyramid (un rocher de 173 m de haut, au large de l'île Pitt).

Source

  • Todd F.S. & Genevois F. (2006) Oiseaux & Mammifères antarctiques et des îles de l'océan austral. Kameleo, Paris, 144 p.

Voir aussi

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Albatros des Chatham: Brief Summary ( French )

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Thalassarche eremita

L'Albatros des Chatham (Thalassarche eremita) ou Albatros de Chatham, est une espèce d'oiseaux de mer de la famille des Diomedeidae.

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Albatros chatham ( Indonesian )

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Chatham Albatross (Thalassarche eremita).jpg
Chatham Albatross (Thalassarche eremita) in flight.jpg

Albatros chatham (Thalassarche eremita) adalah spesies burung laut berukuran sedang berwarna hitam-putih dari keluarga Albatros yang berbiak hanya di The Pyramid, gugusan karang besar di Kepulauan Chatham, Selandia Baru. Beberapa peneliti memasukkan spesies ini ke dalam subspesies Albatros pemalu Thalassarche cauta.

Referensi

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassarche eremita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Diakses tanggal 16 July 2012.Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)
  2. ^ Brands, S. (2008)
  3. ^ Robertson, C. J. R., et. al (2003)
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Albatros chatham: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Chatham Albatross (Thalassarche eremita).jpg Chatham Albatross (Thalassarche eremita) in flight.jpg

Albatros chatham (Thalassarche eremita) adalah spesies burung laut berukuran sedang berwarna hitam-putih dari keluarga Albatros yang berbiak hanya di The Pyramid, gugusan karang besar di Kepulauan Chatham, Selandia Baru. Beberapa peneliti memasukkan spesies ini ke dalam subspesies Albatros pemalu Thalassarche cauta.

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Thalassarche eremita ( Italian )

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L'albatro delle Chatham (Thalassarche eremita Murphy, 1930) è un albatro bianco e nero di medie dimensioni che nidifica solamente sulla cosiddetta Piramide, un grosso scoglio roccioso delle Isole Chatham, in Nuova Zelanda. Talvolta viene considerato una sottospecie dell'albatro cauto, T. cauta. Con un peso di 3,1-4,7 kg ed una lunghezza di 90 cm[2], è il membro più piccolo del gruppo dell'albatro cauto.

Conservazione

Le condizioni ambientali dell'isoletta su cui si riproduce hanno subito negli ultimi anni un certo peggioramento, tanto che questo uccello è incluso tra le specie in pericolo critico della Lista Rossa della IUCN. La sua popolazione attuale è stimata sulle 11.000 unità.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) BirdLife International 2008, Thalassarche eremita, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ BirdLife Species Factsheet, su birdlife.org.

Bibliografia

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Thalassarche eremita: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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L'albatro delle Chatham (Thalassarche eremita Murphy, 1930) è un albatro bianco e nero di medie dimensioni che nidifica solamente sulla cosiddetta Piramide, un grosso scoglio roccioso delle Isole Chatham, in Nuova Zelanda. Talvolta viene considerato una sottospecie dell'albatro cauto, T. cauta. Con un peso di 3,1-4,7 kg ed una lunghezza di 90 cm, è il membro più piccolo del gruppo dell'albatro cauto.

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Chathamalbatros ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

De chathamalbatros (Thalassarche eremita) is een vogel uit de familie van de albatrossen (Diomedeidae). Deze zeevogel werd in 1930 door Robert Cushman Murphy als ondersoort van de witkapalbatros (T. cauta) geldig beschreven. Het is een kwetsbare endemische broedvogel van de Chathameilanden.

Kenmerken

Dit is een vrij grote albatros, de vogel is 90 tot 100 cm lang en weegt 3,1 tot 4,7 kg, de mannetjes wegen gemiddeld 0,7 kg meer dan de vrouwtjes. De spanwijdte is 243 cm. De zeevogel heeft een grijze bovenzijde en witte onderzijde. De randen van de vleugels zijn van onder zwart. Volwassen vogels hebben een grijze kop en keel. De grote snavel is geel met een donker vlekje op de punt van de ondersnavel. De vogel is iets kleiner dan de witkapalbatros die een lichter gekleurde kop heeft en een grijsgele snavel.[2][1]

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort is endemisch op de Chathameilanden. De vogel broedt daar op een rotseiland (The Pyramid) in het zuiden van de archipel. Het terrein van de broedkolonie bstaat uit lage, droge vegetatie tot op 350 m boven zeeniveau. Uit tellingen, zowel vanuit de lucht als op de broedplaats, blijkt dat er sinds de jaren 1970 tussen de 3000 en 5000 broedparen zijn. Uit onderzoek met gezenderde vogels blijkt dat de vogels uitzwermen tussen het westen van Tasmanië tot de kustwateren van Chili.[1]

Status

De chathamalbatros heeft een zeer klein broedgebied en daardoor is de kans op uitsterven aanwezig. De grootte van de populatie werd in 2012 door BirdLife International geschat op 16.000 individuen en de populatie-aantallen zijn stabiel. Extreme weersomstandigheden zoals zware stormen zijn schadelijk voor de broedkolonie. Ook worden soms kuikens (illegaal) verzameld voor consumptie. Verder hebben deze zeevogels te lijden door de langelijnvisserij. Om deze redenen staat deze soort als kwetsbaar op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b c d (en) Chathamalbatros op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Heinzel, H & G. Tuck 1980. Elseviers zeevogelgids. Elsevier, Amsterdam ISBN 90 10 02913 1.
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Chathamalbatros: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De chathamalbatros (Thalassarche eremita) is een vogel uit de familie van de albatrossen (Diomedeidae). Deze zeevogel werd in 1930 door Robert Cushman Murphy als ondersoort van de witkapalbatros (T. cauta) geldig beschreven. Het is een kwetsbare endemische broedvogel van de Chathameilanden.

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Chathamalbatross ( Norwegian )

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Chathamalbatross (Thalassarche eremita), engelsk namn Chatham Albatross, Chatham Mollymawk, eller Chatham Islands Mollymawk, er ein stor sjøfugl og mellomstor albatross. Alle para hekkar på Pyramiden, Chathamøyane aust for New Zealand. Han har ikkje fått tilordna normert namn på norsk.

Dette taksonet var tidlegare rekna å vere ein underart av svartflekkalbatross, Thalassarche cauta,[1] men er i dag kjent som ein sjøvstendig art.

Vaksne fuglar skil seg frå svartflekkalbatrossar med langt mørkare gråfarge i andletet, øvre hals og øvre rygg, gult nebb og gul stripe over kinnet.

Chathamalbatrossar migrerer til området mellom Australia og Perustraumen ved Sør-Amerika, så langt nord som til 6° S. Populasjonen er estimert til 11 000 hekkande fuglar.

Kjelder

Referansar

  1. Clementslista versjon 6.3 frå desember 2008
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Chathamalbatross: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Chathamalbatross (Thalassarche eremita), engelsk namn Chatham Albatross, Chatham Mollymawk, eller Chatham Islands Mollymawk, er ein stor sjøfugl og mellomstor albatross. Alle para hekkar på Pyramiden, Chathamøyane aust for New Zealand. Han har ikkje fått tilordna normert namn på norsk.

Dette taksonet var tidlegare rekna å vere ein underart av svartflekkalbatross, Thalassarche cauta, men er i dag kjent som ein sjøvstendig art.

Vaksne fuglar skil seg frå svartflekkalbatrossar med langt mørkare gråfarge i andletet, øvre hals og øvre rygg, gult nebb og gul stripe over kinnet.

Chathamalbatrossar migrerer til området mellom Australia og Perustraumen ved Sør-Amerika, så langt nord som til 6° S. Populasjonen er estimert til 11 000 hekkande fuglar.

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Thalassarche eremita ( Norwegian )

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Thalassarche eremita (engelsk navn Chatham Albatross, Chatham Mollymawk, eller Chatham Islands Mollymawk) er en stor sjøfugl og mellomstor albatross. Alle parene hekker på Pyramiden, Chathamøyene øst for New Zealand. Den har ikke fått tilordnet normert navn på norsk.
Dette taksonet var tidligere regnet å være en underart av svartflekkalbatross, Thalassarche cauta, [1] men er i dag kjent som en selvstendig art.
Voksne fugler skiller seg frasvartflekkalbatrosser med langt mørkere gråfarge i ansiktet, øvre hals og øvre rygg, gult nebb og gul stripe over kinnet.

Thalassarche eremita migrerer til området mellom Australia og Perustrømmen ved Sør-Amerika, så langt nord som til 6° S. Populasjonen er estimert til 11 000 hekkende fugler.

Referanser

  1. ^ Clementsliste versjon 6.3 Arkivert 30. april 2010 hos Wayback Machine. fra desember 2008

Eksterne lenker

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Thalassarche eremita: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Thalassarche eremita (engelsk navn Chatham Albatross, Chatham Mollymawk, eller Chatham Islands Mollymawk) er en stor sjøfugl og mellomstor albatross. Alle parene hekker på Pyramiden, Chathamøyene øst for New Zealand. Den har ikke fått tilordnet normert navn på norsk.
Dette taksonet var tidligere regnet å være en underart av svartflekkalbatross, Thalassarche cauta, men er i dag kjent som en selvstendig art.
Voksne fugler skiller seg frasvartflekkalbatrosser med langt mørkere gråfarge i ansiktet, øvre hals og øvre rygg, gult nebb og gul stripe over kinnet.

Thalassarche eremita migrerer til området mellom Australia og Perustrømmen ved Sør-Amerika, så langt nord som til 6° S. Populasjonen er estimert til 11 000 hekkende fugler.

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Albatroz-das-chatham ( Portuguese )

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O albatroz-das-chatham (Thalassarche eremita) é um albatroz de tamanho médio e plumagem branca e negra que apenas procria em The Pyramid (a pirâmide), um grande rochedo nas Ilhas Chatham, na Nova Zelândia. É por vezes considerada como subespécie do albatroz-arisco, T. cauta.

O ilhéu onde esta ave se reproduz tem sofrido um declínio significativo nas suas condições de habitat, pelo que a espécie tem sido listada na Lista Vermelha da IUCN como estando vulnerável. sua população em 11 000 aves.

Referências bibliográficas

BirdLife International (2012). Thalassarche eremita (em inglês). IUCN 2012. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2012 .

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Albatroz-das-chatham: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O albatroz-das-chatham (Thalassarche eremita) é um albatroz de tamanho médio e plumagem branca e negra que apenas procria em The Pyramid (a pirâmide), um grande rochedo nas Ilhas Chatham, na Nova Zelândia. É por vezes considerada como subespécie do albatroz-arisco, T. cauta.

O ilhéu onde esta ave se reproduz tem sofrido um declínio significativo nas suas condições de habitat, pelo que a espécie tem sido listada na Lista Vermelha da IUCN como estando vulnerável. sua população em 11 000 aves.

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Chathamalbatross ( Swedish )

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Chathamalbatross[2] (Thalassarche eremita) är en fågel i familjen albatrosser inom ordningen stormfåglar.[3]

Utseende

Salvinalbatrossen är en medelstor svartvit albatross med en kroppslängd på 90 centimeter. Vuxna fåglar har mörkgrå hätta, strupe, ansikte och övre delen av manteln samt gråsvart på rygg, vingovansida och stjärt. Övergumpen är vit, liksom vingundersidan bortsett från en svart fläck vid basen av undervingens framkant samt svart på både vingspetsarna liksom vingarnas fram- och bakkant. Näbben är gul med en mörk fläck på undre näbbhalvan.

Ungfåglar har mer utbrett grått och näbben är svartspetsä på båda näbbhalvorna. Liknande salvinalbatrossen har en mindre och mörkare näbb samt silvergrå hjässa medan Thalassarche steadi är något större med grågul näbb och blekt huvud.[1]

Utbredning

Fågeln häckar i Chathamöarna utanför Nya Zeeland,[3] där endast på 1,7 hektar stora ön The Pyramid.[1] Efter häckningen sprider den sig i södra Stilla havet västerut till Tasmanien och österut till Chile och Peru.[1]

Systematik

Tidigare behandlades den som underart till gråkindad albatross och vissa gör det fortfarande.[4] Den behandlas som monotypisk, det vill säga att den inte delas in i några underarter.

Levnadsätt

Arten häckar på klipphyllor och i branta sluttningar. Den lägger ägg i september-oktober, ungarna kläckas i november-december och blir flygga i mars-april.[5] Den återvänder till häckningskolonin vid fyra års ålder men börjar häcka först vid sju. Efter häckning lever den mest pelagiskt. Födan är relativt okänd men den tros huvudsakligen leva av fisk och bläckfisk.[5]

Status

Internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN kategoriserar arten som sårbar på grund av att den häckar på en enda ö.[1] Inventeringar gjorda 1999-2003[6] samt 2007 och 2010[7] visar på en stabil population med 5.250-5.300 upptagna bon, vilket tros motsvara 16.000 individer.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d e f] Birdlife International 2012 Thalassarche eremita Från: IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2015-01-26.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2018) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2018-02-14
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-01-01
  4. ^ Dickinson, E.C., J.V. Remsen Jr. & L. Christidis (Eds). 2013-2014. The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th. Edition, Vol. 1, 2, Aves Press, Eastbourne, U.K.
  5. ^ [a b] Marchant, S.; Higgins, P. J. 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, 1: ratites to ducks. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
  6. ^ Robertson, C. J. R., Bell, D., Sinclair, N. and Bell, B. D. 2003. Distribution of seabirds from New Zealand that overlap with fisheries worldwide.
  7. ^ Fraser, M.; Henderson, G.; Robertson, C. J. R.;Scofield, P. 2011. Population dynamics of the Chatham Mollymawk at The Pyramid, 19 November - 2 December 2010.

Externa länkar

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Chathamalbatross: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Chathamalbatross (Thalassarche eremita) är en fågel i familjen albatrosser inom ordningen stormfåglar.

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Чатемський альбатрос ( Ukrainian )

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Чатемський альбатрос (Thalassarche eremita) — морський птах середнього розміру родини альбатросових (Diomedeidae). Гніздиться виключно на острівці Пірамід, фактично скелі у складі архіпелагу Чатем, одному з Субантарктичних островів Нової Зеландії. Цей альбатрос раніше розглядався як один вид разом з Thalassarche cauta і Thalassarche salvini. Зараз популяція цього птаха значно скоротилася, в результаті МСОП помістив його до числа видів, що знаходяться під криточною загрозою. Зараз число птахів оцінюється в 11 тис.

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Чатемський альбатрос: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Чатемський альбатрос (Thalassarche eremita) — морський птах середнього розміру родини альбатросових (Diomedeidae). Гніздиться виключно на острівці Пірамід, фактично скелі у складі архіпелагу Чатем, одному з Субантарктичних островів Нової Зеландії. Цей альбатрос раніше розглядався як один вид разом з Thalassarche cauta і Thalassarche salvini. Зараз популяція цього птаха значно скоротилася, в результаті МСОП помістив його до числа видів, що знаходяться під криточною загрозою. Зараз число птахів оцінюється в 11 тис.

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Thalassarche eremita ( Vietnamese )

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Thalassarche eremita là một loài chim trong họ Diomedeidae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến chim này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Thalassarche eremita: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Thalassarche eremita là một loài chim trong họ Diomedeidae.

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Thalassarche eremita ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Подотряд: Procellarae
Надсемейство: Procellarioidea
Семейство: Альбатросовые
Род: Thalassarche
Вид: Thalassarche eremita
Международное научное название

Thalassarche eremita (Murphy, 1930)

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ITIS 824135NCBI 79645EOL 3055632

Чатемский альбатрос (Thalassarche eremita) (лат.) — вид птиц из семейства альбатросовых (Diomedeidae).

Размах крыльев составляет до 220 см, общая длина около 90 см, масса тела от 3,1 до 4,7 кг. Голова тёмно-серая, нижняя сторона тела и крыльев белого цвета. Клюв ярко-жёлтый.

Питается рыбой, головоногими и усоногими.

Гнездится колониями в августе и сентябре в основном на острове Те-Пирамид[en], входящему в состав архипелага Чатем, одном из субантарктических островов Новой Зеландии, а также встречается на островах Форти-Форс того же архипелага[1][2][3]. В кладке одно яйцо белого цвета с красно-коричневыми крапинами. Инкубационный период длится 66—72 дня.

Этот альбатрос ранее рассматривался как один вид вместе с Thalassarche cauta и Thalassarche salvini. Сейчас популяция этой птицы значительно сократилась, в результате МСОП поместил его в число видов, находящихся под угрозой. Сейчас число птиц оценивается в 11 тысяч.

Примечания

  1. Chatham Island (англ.) на сайте oceandots.com Архивировано из первоисточника 23 декабря 2010
  2. Conservation Advisory Science Notes No. 70 — Alabtross Research on (Motuhara) Forty-Fours Islands (англ.) на сайте govt.nz, декабрь 1993
  3. Chatham Islands Conservation Management Strategy (англ.) на сайте govt.nz, август 1999
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Thalassarche eremita: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Чатемский альбатрос (Thalassarche eremita) (лат.) — вид птиц из семейства альбатросовых (Diomedeidae).

Размах крыльев составляет до 220 см, общая длина около 90 см, масса тела от 3,1 до 4,7 кг. Голова тёмно-серая, нижняя сторона тела и крыльев белого цвета. Клюв ярко-жёлтый.

Питается рыбой, головоногими и усоногими.

Гнездится колониями в августе и сентябре в основном на острове Те-Пирамид[en], входящему в состав архипелага Чатем, одном из субантарктических островов Новой Зеландии, а также встречается на островах Форти-Форс того же архипелага. В кладке одно яйцо белого цвета с красно-коричневыми крапинами. Инкубационный период длится 66—72 дня.

Этот альбатрос ранее рассматривался как один вид вместе с Thalassarche cauta и Thalassarche salvini. Сейчас популяция этой птицы значительно сократилась, в результате МСОП поместил его в число видов, находящихся под угрозой. Сейчас число птиц оценивается в 11 тысяч.

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查塔姆島信天翁 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Thalassarche eremita
(Murphy, 1930)

查塔姆島信天翁學名Thalassarche eremita),或簡稱查島信天翁,是一種中型的信天翁,僅在紐西蘭查塔姆群島上的一些岩礁上繁殖。由白頂信天翁Thalassarche cauta)的查塔姆島亞種提升出來。體重3.1至4.7kg,體長90cm,是眾多白頂信天翁中最小的一種。

由於分佈極為狹窄,其棲地生境正因發展而受到破壞,故在IUCN紅色名錄內列為極危物種,估計目前種群數目不多於11,000頭。

參考資料

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查塔姆島信天翁: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

查塔姆島信天翁(學名:Thalassarche eremita),或簡稱查島信天翁,是一種中型的信天翁,僅在紐西蘭查塔姆群島上的一些岩礁上繁殖。由白頂信天翁(Thalassarche cauta)的查塔姆島亞種提升出來。體重3.1至4.7kg,體長90cm,是眾多白頂信天翁中最小的一種。

由於分佈極為狹窄,其棲地生境正因發展而受到破壞,故在IUCN紅色名錄內列為極危物種,估計目前種群數目不多於11,000頭。

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Breeding Category

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Vagrant

Reference

Woehler E.J. (compiler) 2006. Species list prepared for SCAR/IUCN/BirdLife International Workshop on Antarctic Regional Seabird Populations, March 2005, Cambridge, UK.

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IUCN Red List Category

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CR

Reference

Woehler E.J. (compiler) 2006. Species list prepared for SCAR/IUCN/BirdLife International Workshop on Antarctic Regional Seabird Populations, March 2005, Cambridge, UK.

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