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Gallinula galeata

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Slightly smaller than the American Coot (Fulica americana), the Common Gallinule (14 inches) is most easily identified by its brown back, dark gray breast, and red “shield” on forehead. Other field marks include a yellow-tipped red bill, dull green legs, and white flanks. Male and female Common Gallinules are similar to one another in all seasons. The Common Gallinule breeds in scattered locations throughout the eastern United States and southern Canada, with smaller numbers breeding in the western U.S. In winter, birds breeding in the northeast migrate south and to the coast. Most western birds, as well as those breeding along the coast of the southeastern U.S. and populations breeding further south in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the West Indies, are non-migratory. Common Gallinules breed in relatively deep freshwater or brackish marshes. This species utilizes similar habitat types in winter as in summer. Common Gallinules primarily eat seeds and other plant matter, but may also eat snails and other plant matter, especially during the warmer months. Common Gallinules may be observed feeding by picking seeds off of the surface or by submerging their heads to feed on underwater plants. This species may also be observed walking on the shore or running along the surface of the water while attempting to become airborne. Common Gallinules are primarily active during the day; however, this species does migrate at night.

Threat Status: Least Concern

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Polla d'aigua americana ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La polla d'aigua americana (Gallinula galeata) és un ocell de la família dels ràl·lids (Rallidae) sovint considerat un grup de subespècies de la polla d'aigua comuna. Habita aiguamolls, vegetació de ribera i canyars d'ambdues Amèriques, des d'Ontario, Quebec i la meitat oriental dels Estats Units, cap al sud, a través de Mèxic, Amèrica Central, Bermudes i Antilles, cap al sud localment per Amèrica del Sud fins al nord de Xile i Argentina.

Referències

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Polla d'aigua americana: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La polla d'aigua americana (Gallinula galeata) és un ocell de la família dels ràl·lids (Rallidae) sovint considerat un grup de subespècies de la polla d'aigua comuna. Habita aiguamolls, vegetació de ribera i canyars d'ambdues Amèriques, des d'Ontario, Quebec i la meitat oriental dels Estats Units, cap al sud, a través de Mèxic, Amèrica Central, Bermudes i Antilles, cap al sud localment per Amèrica del Sud fins al nord de Xile i Argentina.

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Common gallinule

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The common gallinule (Gallinula galeata) is a bird in the family Rallidae. It was split from the common moorhen by the American Ornithologists' Union in July 2011.[3] It lives around well-vegetated marshes, ponds, canals, and other wetlands in the Americas. The species is not found in the polar regions or many tropical rainforests. Elsewhere, the common gallinule is likely the most commonly seen rail species in much of North America, except for the American coot in some regions.

Description and ecology

The gallinule has dark plumage apart from the white undertail, yellow legs and a red frontal shield. The young are browner and lack the red shield. It has a wide range of gargling calls and will emit loud hisses when threatened.[4]

Measurements:[5]

  • Length: 12.6–13.8 in (32–35 cm)
  • Weight: 10.9–16.1 oz (310–456 g)
  • Wingspan: 21.3–24.4 in (54–62 cm)

This is a common breeding bird in marsh environments and well-vegetated lakes. Populations in areas where the waters freeze, such as southern Canada and the northern USA, will migrate to more temperate climes. This species will consume a wide variety of vegetable material and small aquatic creatures. It forages beside or in the water, sometimes upending in the water to feed. Its wide feet allow it to hop about on lily pads. It is often secretive, but can become tame in some areas. Despite loss of habitat in parts of its range, the common gallinule remains plentiful and widespread.

The common gallinule will fight to defend its territory. The nest is a basket built on the ground in dense vegetation. Laying starts in spring, between mid-March and mid-May in northern hemisphere temperate regions. About 8 eggs are usually laid per female early in the season; a brood later in the year usually has only 5–8 or even fewer eggs. Nests may be re-used by different females. Incubation lasts about three weeks. Both parents incubate and feed the young. These fledge after 40–50 days, become independent usually a few weeks thereafter, and may raise their first brood the next spring. When threatened, the young may cling to a parent's body, after which the adult birds fly away to safety, carrying their offspring with them.[4][6]

This species is parasitized by the moorhen flea, Dasypsyllus gallinulae.[7]

Subspecies

Seven subspecies are today considered valid; others have been described that are now considered junior synonyms. Most are not very readily recognizable, as differences are rather subtle and often clinal. Usually, the location of a sighting is the most reliable indication as to subspecies identification, but the migratory tendencies of this species make identifications based on location not completely reliable.

In addition to the extant subspecies listed below, there is a Pleistocene population known from fossils: the larger, stout and long-winged paleosubspecies G. g. brodkorbi is known from the Ichetucknee River deposits in Florida. It was originally described as a distinct species, but is probably the direct ancestor of some of today's common gallinules. The presence in the same deposits of fossils typical of the shorter-winged and more delicate G. g. cerceris suggests that G. g. brodkorbi was not ancestral to the Antillean (Florida) gallinule of our time but rather to the more northerly North American subspecies.

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Gallinula galeata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T62120280A95189182. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62120280A95189182.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ McCoy, John J. (1963). "The fossil avifauna of Itchtucknee (sic) River, Florida" (PDF). Auk. 80 (3): 335–351. doi:10.2307/4082892. JSTOR 4082892.
  3. ^ Chesser, R. Terry; Richard C. Banks; F. Keith Barker; Carla Cicero; Jon L. Dunn; Andrew W. Kratter; Irby J. Lovette; Pamela C. Rasmussen; J. V. Remsen; James D. Rising; Douglas F. Stotz; Kevin Winker (2011). "Fifty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds". Auk. 128 (3): 600–613. doi:10.1525/auk.2011.128.3.600.
  4. ^ a b Snow, David W.; Perrins, Christopher M.; Doherty, Paul; Cramp, Stanley (1998). The complete birds of the western Palaearctic on CD-ROM. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-268579-1.
  5. ^ "Common Gallinule Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  6. ^ Mann, Clive F. (1991). "Sunda Frogmouth Batrachostomus cornutus carrying its young" (PDF). Forktail. 6: 77–78. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-28.
  7. ^ Rothschild, Miriam; Clay, Theresa (1953). Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos. A study of bird parasites. London: Collins. p. 113.
  8. ^ "ʻAlae ʻUla or Hawaiian Moorhen" (PDF). Hawaii’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. State of Hawaiʻi. 2005-10-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-15. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  9. ^ Due to uncertainty about the Florida birds' taxonomic identity, this vernacular name was also applied to ssp. galeata and cachinnans.
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Common gallinule: Brief Summary

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The common gallinule (Gallinula galeata) is a bird in the family Rallidae. It was split from the common moorhen by the American Ornithologists' Union in July 2011. It lives around well-vegetated marshes, ponds, canals, and other wetlands in the Americas. The species is not found in the polar regions or many tropical rainforests. Elsewhere, the common gallinule is likely the most commonly seen rail species in much of North America, except for the American coot in some regions.

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Gallinula galeata ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La gallineta americana (Gallinula galeata), también denominada tagüita del norte, gallareta pico rojo, polla negra o gallineta de agua,[1]​ es una especie de ave gruiforme de la familia de las rállidas (Rallidae) que habita en América. Fue considerada conespecífica de la gallineta común.[2]

Habita humedales, vegetación en la ribera de los ríos y cañaverales en América, desde Ontario, Quebec y la mitad oriental de los Estados Unidos, hacia el sur, a través de México, América Central, Bermudas y las Antillas, hasta el norte de Chile y Argentina en América del Sur.

Taxonomía

Anteriormente se consideró conespecífica de la gallineta común (Gallinula chloropus). Se reconocen siete subespecies:[3]

Notas

  1. «Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1818)». Avibase. Consultado el 27 de febrero de 2013.
  2. Chesser et.al. (2011)
  3. Frank Gill y David Donsker. Rails, gallinules & cranes. IOC World Bird List versión 5.1.

Referencias

  • Chesser, R. Terry, Richard C. Banks, F. Keith Barker, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz, Kevin Winker. (2011). Fifty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. Auk 128(3):600-613. PDF fulltext
  • Dronen, Norman O.; Gardner, Scott L. & Jiménez, F. Agustín (2006): Selfcoelum limnodromi n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae: Cyclocoelinae) from the long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) from Oklahoma, U.S.A.. Zootaxa 1131: 49–58. PDF fulltext

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Gallinula galeata: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La gallineta americana (Gallinula galeata), también denominada tagüita del norte, gallareta pico rojo, polla negra o gallineta de agua,​ es una especie de ave gruiforme de la familia de las rállidas (Rallidae) que habita en América. Fue considerada conespecífica de la gallineta común.​

Habita humedales, vegetación en la ribera de los ríos y cañaverales en América, desde Ontario, Quebec y la mitad oriental de los Estados Unidos, hacia el sur, a través de México, América Central, Bermudas y las Antillas, hasta el norte de Chile y Argentina en América del Sur.

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Gallinula galeata ( Basque )

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Gallinula galeata Gallinula generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Rallidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Gallinula galeata: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Gallinula galeata Gallinula generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Rallidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Gallinule d'Amérique ( French )

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Gallinula galeata

La Gallinule d'Amérique (Gallinula galeata) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Rallidae. Elle était et est encore parfois considérée comme une sous-espèce de la Gallinule poule-d'eau (G. chloropus).

Répartition

Son aire s'étend à travers le continent américain.

Annexes

Références taxinomiques

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Gallinule d'Amérique: Brief Summary ( French )

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Gallinula galeata

La Gallinule d'Amérique (Gallinula galeata) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Rallidae. Elle était et est encore parfois considérée comme une sous-espèce de la Gallinule poule-d'eau (G. chloropus).

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Gallinula galeata ( Italian )

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La gallinella americana (Gallinula galeata (M. H. K. Lichtenstein, 1818)) è un uccello della famiglia dei Rallidi diffuso nel Nuovo Mondo[2].

Descrizione

È una gallinella di media taglia, lunga 35–36 cm, con un peso di 300–450 g e una apertura alare di circa 53 cm[3]. Il piumaggio è prevalentemente nerastro; la testa presenta uno scudo frontale, che si estende sulla radice del becco, di colore rosso scarlatto; la punta del becco è giallo brillante.

Biologia

Alimentazione

È una specie onnivora che si nutre di vermi, crostacei, molluschi, insetti, ragni, piccoli pesci, girini e occasionalmente uova di altri uccelli, ma anche di una ampia varietà di materia vegetale come per esempio alghe, muschi, germogli e semi di diverse piante acquatiche, fiori di Pontederia spp., bacche e frutti di Rubus, Sorbus, Rosa, Crataegus, Rhamnus, Hedera, Sambucus, Hippophae spp.[4].

Riproduzione

Il nido, realizzato con ramoscelli intrecciati, può essere galleggiante o posizionato fino a 1 m sopra l'acqua nella vegetazione emergente o su una solida piattaforma di rami in acqua. Più raramente è posto tra la vegetazione a terra o in cespugli bassi sulla riva vicino all'acqua[4].

Distribuzione e habitat

La specie ha un areale molto ampio che si estende dagli Stati Uniti meridionali e dal Messico, attraverso l'America centrale sino al Sud America, comprendendo le Antille, le isole Hawaii e le Barbados[1].

Predilige habitat acquatici protetti da fitta vegetazione.

Tassonomia

Ne vengono riconosciute sette sottospecie[2]:

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) BirdLife International 2016, Gallinula galeata, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 27 marzo 2018.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Rallidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 27 marzo 2018.
  3. ^ (EN) del Hoyo, J., Collar, N., Christie, D.A. & Kirwan, G.M. (2018), Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata), su Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, 2018. URL consultato il 28 marzo 2018.
  4. ^ a b (EN) BirdLife International (2018), Species factsheet: Gallinula galeata, su datazone.birdlife.org. URL consultato il 28 marzo 2018.

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Gallinula galeata: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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La gallinella americana (Gallinula galeata (M. H. K. Lichtenstein, 1818)) è un uccello della famiglia dei Rallidi diffuso nel Nuovo Mondo.

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Amerikaans waterhoen ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

Het Amerikaans waterhoen (Gallinula galeata) is een vogel uit de familie van de rallen (Rallidae).

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort kent 7 ondersoorten, die voorkomen in het noordoosten van Zuid-Amerika, Noord-Amerika en Hawaii.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Amerikaans waterhoen: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Het Amerikaans waterhoen (Gallinula galeata) is een vogel uit de familie van de rallen (Rallidae).

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Gallinula galeata ( Portuguese )

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A galinha-d'água-americana[2] (Gallinula galeata) é uma espécie de ave aquática da família Rallidae.[3] Também chamada de galinhola, jaçanã-galo, frango-d'água-comum e peituda, esta ave possui ampla distribuição no Brasil, assim como em grande parte de todo o continente americano.[4]

Subespécies

Subespécies e ocorrênciaː[5]

Ver também

Referências

  1. BirdLife International (2012). «Gallinula galeata». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2012. Consultado em 26 de Novembro de 2013old-form url
  2. Paixão, Paulo (Verão de 2021). «Os Nomes Portugueses das Aves de Todo o Mundo» (PDF) 2.ª ed. A Folha — Boletim da língua portuguesa nas instituições europeias. ISSN 1830-7809. Consultado em 13 de janeiro de 2022
  3. Guia de Aves do Campus de Ciências Agrárias da UNIVASF. Nicola, P. A.; Kaminski, N.; DeLaTorre, G. M.; Barcik, J.; Santos, E. K. M. R. Petrolina, PE. Editora e gráfica Franciscana
  4. Wiki Aves - Frango-d'água-comum
  5. Wiki Aves - Frango-d'água-comum
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Gallinula galeata: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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A galinha-d'água-americana (Gallinula galeata) é uma espécie de ave aquática da família Rallidae. Também chamada de galinhola, jaçanã-galo, frango-d'água-comum e peituda, esta ave possui ampla distribuição no Brasil, assim como em grande parte de todo o continente americano.

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Amerikansk rörhöna ( Swedish )

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 src=
Rörhöna av nominatformen galatea.

Amerikansk rörhöna[2] (Gallinula galeata) är en nordamerikansk fågel i familjen rallar som nyligen fått egen artstatus, och som tidigare behandlades som en underart till den eurasiska rörhönan.[3].

Utbredning och systematik

Amerikansk rörhöna har ett mycket stort utbredningsområde som sträcker sig från sydöstra Kanada till Argentina och Brasilien. Vintertid överger den områden där vattnet fryser till is och flyttar till mer tempererade områden. Den delas upp i sju underarter som placeras i tre grupper:[3]

galeata-gruppen ("amerikansk rörhöna")
garmani ("altiplanorörhöna")
sandvicensis ("hawaiirörhöna")
  • G. g. sandvicensis – förekommer i Hawaii

Tidigare behandlades amerikansk rörhöna som underart till den europeiska och asiatiska rörhönan (Gallinula chloropus) men har urskilts på basis av framför allt läten men också små morfologiska skillnader. Genetiska studier stödjer denna uppdelning.[4]

Utseende

Amerikansk rörhöna är utseendemässigt lik eurasisk rörhöna med en helmörk fjäderdräkt, vita streck längs kroppssidorna, vit stjärtundersida och undergump, gulgröna ben och röd näbb och näbbsköld. Juvenilerna är brungrå och saknar näbbsköld. Den skiljer sig främst från rörhönan på sina läten, som hos amerikanska rörhönan är ett ljudligt skrattande.[5] De utseendemässiga skillnaderna är små, men man kan notera något mindre gult på nedre näbbhalvan, mer tydligt avskuren och högre näbbsköld och hos ungfågeln gulare ben och näbb samt mörkare rökgrått ansikte och hals.[6]

Ekologi

Den lever vid vassrika stränder, i dammar, kanaler och växtrika våtmarker. Den lever av en mängd olika vattenväxter och mindre vattenlevande djur. De fördosöker i närheten av vatten eller i vattnet, ibland tippar den kroppen framåt och snappar, eller betar efter växtmaterial under vattnet. Den håller sig ofta dold men kan på vissa platser uppträda ganska orädd. Den är revirhävdande. Rörhönan bygger ett korgformat bo som den placerar direkt på marken i tät vegetation.

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population med stabil utveckling.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1] Världspopulationen uppskattas till fler än två miljoner individer.[1]

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c d] BirdLife International 2014 Gallinula galeata Från: IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 29 december 2014.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2017) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2017-08-14
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 <http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download>, läst 2014-12-27
  4. ^ Groenenberg, D.S.J., Beintema, A.J., Dekker, R.W.R.J. & Gittenberger, E. (2008) Ancient DNA elucidates the controversy about the flightless island hens (Gallinula sp.) of Tristan da Cunha. PLoS ONE 3(3): e1835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001835
  5. ^ Constantine, M. (2006) The Sound Approach to Birding: a Guide to Understanding Bird Sound. The Sound Approach, Poole, UK.
  6. ^ del Hoyo, J., Collar, N., Christie, D.A. & Kirwan, G.M. (2018). Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata). I: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (red.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (hämtad från https://www.hbw.com/node/467254 15 april 2018).

Externa länkar

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Amerikansk rörhöna: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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 src= Rörhöna av nominatformen galatea.

Amerikansk rörhöna (Gallinula galeata) är en nordamerikansk fågel i familjen rallar som nyligen fått egen artstatus, och som tidigare behandlades som en underart till den eurasiska rörhönan..

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Gallinula galeata ( Vietnamese )

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Gallinula galeata là một loài chim trong họ Rallidae.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ McCoy, John J. (1963). “The fossil avifauna of Itchtucknee (sic) River, Florida” (PDF). Auk 80 (3): 335–351. doi:10.2307/4082892.
  2. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


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Gallinula galeata: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Gallinula galeata là một loài chim trong họ Rallidae.

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