Parasterope maddocksae Kornicker ex Kornicker & Thomassin 1998

Parasterope maddocksae

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Rosalie F. Maddocks who has studied the Podocopa of Madagascar.

HOLOTYPE.—Adult female on slide and in alcohol.

TYPE LOCALITY.—BT-231.

PARATYPE.—BT-161, USNM 194200, partly dissected A–1 male on slide and in alcohol.

DISTRIBUTION.—See type specimens, above.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (4Figures 81, 82).—Carapace elongate with parallel ventral and dorsal margins; holotype with oblique posterodorsal corner (Figure 81a,d,e).

Infold: Posterior infold unusually broad. Rostral infold with about 50 bristles in addition to row of about 25 bristles between list and inner end of incisur (not all bristles shown in Figure 81b). Anteroventral infold with about 45 bristles (not all shown in Figure 81b); anterior half of ventral infold with row of about 15 bristles; posterior half of ventral infold to point opposite anterior end of broad posteroventral list with row of about 12 bristles; broad posteroventral list with about 22 broad transparent bristles and row of 25 small slender bristles along anterior edge of broad list (generally 1 bristle between each pair of broad transparent bristles) (only a few broad and slender bristles shown in Figure 81d,e); a row of 9 bristles (Figure 81e) present between broad list and valve edge opposite ventral 9 broad transparent bristles (not all transparent bristles shown in Figure 81e); 3 round processes on posterior infold between broad list and valve edge (Figure 81d,e). Posterior edge of valve located slightly inward from valve margin (Figure 81d,e). Narrow anteroventral list with broad transparent lamellar prolongation (distal edge of prolongation shown as wavy line in Figure 81c).

Selvage: Short fringed lamellar prolongation present on ventral edge of incisur (Figure 81c).

Carapace Size (length, height in mm): Holotype, 1.50, 0.7, height 46% of length.

First Antenna (Figure 81f): 1st joint with distal lateral spines on dorsal half and numerous medial spines. 2nd joint with ventral, medial, and lateral spines and 2 spinous bristles (1 short lateral distal, 1 long dorsal terminal). 3rd and 4th joints fused, with combined lengths about half of joint width; 3rd joint with minute bristle on short ventral margin and 6 long spinous bristles on long dorsal margin (2 single with long spines, 1 pair with long spines, followed by 1 pair with long spines on lateral bristle and short spines on medial bristle). Suture separating 4th and 5th joints developed only on medial side and concave; 4th joint with ventral spines, 2 short ventral bristles, and 1 long spinous dorsal bristle. Suture separating 5th and 6th joints slightly oblique; sensory bristle of 5th joint with short stout stem and 6 long terminal filaments. Sixth joint with long medial bristle near ventral margin. 7th joint: a-bristle claw-like with dorsal spines; b-bristle about longer than a-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments; c-bristle about twice length of a-bristle, with 6 short marginal filaments. 8th joint: d-bristle represented by minute papilla; e-bristle longer than a-bristle, bare with blunt tip; f-bristle bent dorsally, with 4 short marginal filaments; g-bristle same length as c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with rows of spines along dorsal margin and on medial surface near dorsal margin, and small distomedial bristle (Figure 82a). Endopodite 2-jointed with long terminal filament (Figure 82a). Exopodite (Figure 82b): bristle of 2nd joint reaching 9th joint, with abundant slender ventral spines; bristles of joints 3–6 with very slender ventral spines and long natatory hairs; bristles of joints 7 and 8 with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 3 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 1 short bare dorsal) (an additional short dorsal bristle on A–1 male described below); joints 4–8 with small basal spines; spine of 8th joint about length of 9th joint; lateral spine of 9th joint longer and broader than basal spine of 8th joint; joints 3–8 with row of minute spines along distal lateral edges.

Mandible (Figure 82c): Coxale endite broken off both limbs of holotype (for description of endite see that of A–1 male (USNM 194200) below); small bristle proximal to base of ventral branch (not shown). Basale: endite with 4 spinous end bristles, 2 or 3 triaenid bristles with 6–8 pairs of spines proximal to larger terminal pair, 2 dwarf bristles, and indistinct glandular peg; medial surface and ventral margin of joint bare; dorsal margin with stout spinous backward-oriented bristle near midlength and 2 spinous terminal bristles (1 short, 1 long). Exopodite reaching past midlength of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, with spinous tip and 2 small spinous bristles. 1st endopodial joint with 3 ventral bristles (2 with long spines, 1 with short spines). 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin with 3 terminal bristles (2 long, 1 shorter) with short marginal spines; dorsal margin with 4 small spines proximal to short proximal bristle, long stout spinous a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles (c-bristle slightly stouter than b-bristle and much stouter than a- and d-bristles), 9 medial cleaning bristles (1 between a- and b-bristles, oblique row of 2 or 3 between b- and c-bristles, and oblique row of 5 or 6 between c- and d-bristles), long spinous lateral e-bristle between b- and c-bristles, 1 long spinous lateral f-bristle between c- and d-bristles, and 1 spinous medial g-bristle adjacent to base of d-bristle; proximal 2 or 3 spines of cleaning bristles stouter than others, but no bristles with stouter spines than others; medial surface of joint without usual rows of spines. 3rd endopodial joint with stout dorsal claw with minute spine-like ventral teeth, and 5 spinous bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 82d): Triangular epipodite with indistinct distal hairs. Endite I with 4 bristles (3 long, 1 short); endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale: ventral margin with 3 bristles (1 proximal, 1 distal, 1 long terminal); medial surface with 2 bristles (1 proximal, 1 distal) near dorsal margin; dorsal margin spinous; usual proximal lateral bristle not observed, possibly obscured (present on A–1 male described below). Endopodite: 1st joint with short alpha-bristle and long beta-bristle; 2nd joint with long terminal bristle.

Fifth Limb (Figure 82e): Lateral side of comb with long spinous exopodial bristle reaching past distal end of comb, 1 slender bristle just ventral to base of exopodial bristle, 2 pairs of bristles near ventral margin and 1 closer to ventral margin (all at midlength), 2 distal bristles and 1 proximal bristle with bases almost on ventral margin; distal ventral bristles longer than others (not shown).

Sixth Limb (Figure 82f): Small medial bristle near proximal anterior corner; upper and lower endites each with 1 bristle (bristle of lower endite longer); anterior tip of skirt with 5 short bristles; ventral margin of skirt with 5 or 6 short spinous bristles near midlength; posterior end of skirt broad and without bristles; anterior lateral flap hirsute but without bristles; limb hirsute (not all hairs shown).

Seventh Limb (Figure 82g): With 10–12 bristles (proximal group with 4–6 bristles, 1–3 on each side, each with 3 or 5 bells; segment proximal to terminus with 2 bristles, 1 on each side with 3 bells; terminus with 4 bristles, 2 on each side (1 long with 5 bells, 1 short with 3)). Terminus with opposing combs, each with 10 or 11 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 82h): Each lamella with 10 slender claws of which posterior 3 oriented dorsally or posteriorly; claws 1–7 with minute teeth along posterior edges, a few longer than others (not shown); claws 1–3 with slender distal hairs or spines along anterior edges; right lamella anterior to left by width of base of claw 1.

Bellonci Organ (Figure 82i): Elongate, broader near midlength, with broadly rounded tip and proximal suture or wrinkle.

Eyes: Lateral eye with 17 amber-colored ommatidia and without pigmentation between ommatidia (Figure 82f). Medial eye unpigmented bare (Figure 82i).

Lips (Figure 82k): Upper lip a hirsute lobe (without spines) on each side of low saddle. Lower lip a hirsute flap on each side of mouth.

Genitalia (Figure 81g,h): An oval ring on each side of body anterior to furca.

Posterior of Body (Figure 81g): With short spinous process on distal dorsal corner.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 82g,h): Typical for genus.

Gills: 7 well developed gills on each side of posterior of body.

DESCRIPTION OF A–1 MALE (Figure 83).—Carapace similar in shape to that of adult female (Figure 83a).

Infold: Not examined.

Carapace Size (length, height in mm): USNM 194200, 1.26, 0.64.

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female but filaments of bristles of 7th and 8th joints not counted.

Second Antenna: Protopodite similar to that of adult female (Figure 83b). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 83b): 1st joint short bare; 2nd joint elongate bare; 3rd joint elongate, with long proximal filament and rounded tip. Exopodite similar to that of adult female, except 9th joint with 4 bristles (1 long and 1 medium with natatory hairs, 2 short dorsal bare).

Mandible: Coxale endite (Figure 83c): small slender bristle at base of ventral branch; ventral branch with 3 oblique rows of spines and tip with 2 slender teeth; ventral margin of dorsal branch with paired proximal teeth followed by 8 individual pointed teeth and small main spine; tip of branch without terminal spine or bristle; dorsal margin of dorsal branch with hirsute bristle set back from tip of branch (Figure 83c). Basale: endite with 4 end bristles (smallest about length of longest), 3 triaenid bristles, 2 dwarf bristles, and small glandular peg; medial surface and ventral margin of joint bare; dorsal margin similar to that of adult female. Exopodite and 1 st and 3rd endopodial joints similar to those of adult female. 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin similar to that of adult female; dorsal margin with 3 (possibly 4) minute proximal spines (Figure 83d), 1 short proximal bristle, a- to g-bristles similar to those of adult female, and 5 cleaning bristles (1 between b- and c-bristles, and oblique row of 4 between c- and d-bristles).

Maxilla: Basale with small proximal lateral bristle. Limb otherwise similar to that of adult female.

Fifth Limb: Similar to that of adult female.

Sixth Limb (Figure 83e): Anterior tip of skirt with 3 or 4 bristles; ventral margin of skirt with 5 spinous bristles near midlength; limb otherwise similar to that of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Each limb with 5 proximal tapered bristles, 2 on 1 side, 3 on other, each with 2 or 3 bells; segment proximal to terminus with 2 bristles, 1 on each side, each with 2 bells; terminus with 4 bristles, 2 on each side, 1 with 1 bell, and 1 with 3 bells. Opposing combs of terminus with fewer teeth than on adult female.

Furca: Each lamella with 8 claws (posterior 2 claws bristle-like and oriented posteriorly); teeth along posterior edges of claws similar to those of adult female.

Bellonci Organ, Eyes, Lips (Figure 83f), Posterior of Body, Y-Sclerite, and Gills: Similar to those of adult female.

Genitalia: Short lobes without bristles anterior to furca.

COMPARISONS.—The 6th limb of P. maddocksae differs from previously described species of the genus in not having bristles along the posteroventral corner. Also, the dorsal margin of the 2nd endopodial joint of the mandible bears three or four small proximal spines not reported on other species of the genus.

Parasterope species A

DISTRIBUTION.—See “Material.”

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 84, 85).—Carapace oval in lateral view with overhanging rostrum and vertical row of hairs near posterior margin (Figure 84a).

Carapace Size (length, height in mm): USNM 194201, 1.20, 0.77, height 64% of length.

First Antenna (Figure 84b,c): 1 st joint bare. 2nd joint with minute medial spines and 2 distal bristles (1 dorsal, 1 lateral). 3rd joint triangular; short ventral margin with minute bristle; long dorsal margin with 6 spinous bristles (2 single proximal, 2 pairs distal; medial of distal pair with short spines, others with long spines). 4th joint with 3 terminal bristles (1 long dorsal, 2 short ventral). 5th joint short with stout sensory bristle with abundant slender filaments (about 6 filaments at tip stouter than others) (filaments not shown). Joints 6–8 fused and with undulate dorsal margin (Figure 84c). 6th joint with long spinous medial bristle near dorsal margin. 7th joint: a-bristle claw-like on short pedestal and with numerous dorsal spines and few widely separated ventral spines; b-bristle more than twice length of a-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments; c-bristle very stout and long, broken on both limbs of USNM 194201, with 15 filaments on remaining part. 8th joint: d-bristle lacking or represented by minute papilla; e-bristle almost twice length of a-bristle, with blunt tip (not shown); f-bristle similar to c-bristle (not shown); g-bristle longer than b-bristle, with 7 marginal filaments (6 shown).

Second Antenna: Protopodite with small distal medial bristle, otherwise bare (Figure 84d). Endopodite (Figure 84e): 1 st joint elongate bare; 2nd joint elongate with 3 short distal bristles; 3rd joint elongate, narrow, with long proximal filament and pointed tip with several ridges. Exopodite: 1st joint elongate bare; 2nd joint about same length as joints 3–6 combined and with terminal row of small spines; joints 2–8 with few long dorsal hairs, and each joint with long bristle with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles (dorsal bristle smaller); joints 3–8 with small basal spines; lateral spine of 9th joint obscured.

Mandible (Figure 84f,g): Coxale endite (Figure 84g): with small bristle at base of ventral branch; ventral branch with 3 oblique rows of spines and tip with 3 minute spines; ventral margin of dorsal branch with 2 paired nodes followed by 6 small single nodes and minute main spine; tip of branch tapering to point; dorsal margin of branch with posterior bristle set back from tip but broken off illustrated left limb of USNM 194201 (endite of right limb probably remained in mouth of specimen). Basale endite with 4 spinous end bristles, 3 triaenid bristles with 3 or 4 pairs of spines excluding terminal pair, 1 fairly long dwarf bristle, and glandular peg (Figure 84f). Basale (Figure 84f): ventral margin with triaenid bristle (similar to those of endite) proximal to U-shaped boss; dorsal margin with 1 backward oriented bristle (with long subterminal spine) near midlength and 2 long terminal bristles with few indistinct spines; medial surface without spines. Exopodite (excluding bristles) about length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, hirsute, with 2 small subterminal bristles. 1st endopodial joint with 3 long spinous ventral bristles (2 with long spines, 1 with short spines). 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin with 3 long terminal bristles; dorsal margin with 2 slender proximal bristles, stout a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles (c-bristle slightly stouter than b-bristle and much stouter than a- and d-bristles), slender e-, f-, and g-bristles, and 8 spinous cleaning bristles (row of 3 between b- and c-bristles, row of 5 also between b- and c-bristles but closer to c-bristle); medial surface with rows of hairs and short spines. 3rd endopodial joint with stout dorsal claw and 5 bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 85a): Epipodite with slender tip reaching past midlength of dorsal margin of basale (not shown). Endite 1 with 4 bristles (3 long stout, 1 short slender); endite II with 3 long stout bristles (endite bristles not shown). Basale: medial surface with 1 proximal and 1 distal bristle near dorsal margin (proximal bristle about length of distal); lateral surface with proximal bristle; ventral margin with fairly long spinous proximal bristle, minute distal bristle, and long spinous terminal bristle. 1st endopodial joint with short alpha-bristle and long beta-bristle. 2nd endopodial joint with terminal bristle longer than beta-bristle of 1st joint.

Fifth Limb (Figure 85b): Comb with stout spinous exopodial bristle, 2 small slender bristles just ventral to base of stout bristle, 2 pairs of bristles closer to ventral margin, and 1 bristle almost on ventral margin.

Sixth Limb (Figure 85c,d): Usual medial bristle in anterodorsal corner not observed (part of limb containing bristle may be broken off on 2 limbs examined); anterior margin with bristle at upper and lower endites; anteroventral corner with 2 or 3 fairly long subequal bristles; lateral flap hirsute but without bristles; ventral and posteroventral margin with 14–18 bristles; margins and lateral and medial surfaces hirsute.

Seventh Limb: Proximal group with 6 bristles, 3 on each side (1 long with 4 bells, 2 short with 3 bells (short bristle on each side of long bristle)); 2 bristles on segment proximal to terminus, 1 on each side with 3 bells; terminus with 4 bristles, 2 on each side (1 short with 3 bells, 1 long with 4 bells). Terminus with opposing combs, each with about 8 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 85e): Each lamella with 8 claws; posterior 2 claws ringed bristle-like, oriented slightly posterior; main claws with teeth along posterior edges (not shown), some teeth slightly longer than others; claw 1 of right lamella anterior to claw 1 of left lamella by width of claw at base.

Bellonci Organ (Figure 85g): Fairly short, broader at midlength, with rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye with 20 amber-colored ommatidia and light brown pigment between ommatidia (Figure 85f). Medial eye unpigmented bare (Figure 85g).

Lips (Figure 85h): A hirsute lobe on each side of low saddle; 1 small anterior spine on saddle; lower lip a hirsute flap on each side of mouth.

Genitalia (Figure 85i): Poorly defined diaphanous lobes on each side of body anterior to furca.

Posterior of Body (Figure 85e,j): Rounded posterodorsal corner with few indistinct spines.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 85e,j): Typical for genus.

COMPARISONS.—Parasterope species A is close to Parasterope beta Kornicker, 1976, collected in Lüderitz Bay, South-West Africa (Kornicker, 1976:11). The 6th limb differs in that P. species A has two or three long subequal bristles on the anteroventral corner of the skirt compared to one long and one short on P. beta. The dorsal bristle near midlength of the mandibular basale of P. species A is unusual in having a long subterminal spine, but whether the spine occurs on all members of the species in unknown.

Heptonema Cohen and Kornicker, 1975

TYPE SPECIES.—Heptonema serrata Poulsen, 1965:29, subsequent designation by Cohen and Kornicker (1975:23).

COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION.—The genus includes five species. Members have been collected in the Virgin Islands, West Indies, off the Atlantic coast of North America, in the vicinity of the Kei Islands, Indonesia, at Enewetak Atoll, Pacific, and in the northern part of the Mozambique Channel. The known depth range is 5–210 m (Kornicker, 1992:171).