Els traquèlids (Trachelidae) són una família d'aranyes araneomorfes,[2] descrita per primera vegada per Eugène Simon el 1897.[1]
El tàxon fou descrit per Eugène Simon (1897), originalment, com a una subfamília; s'anomenà Tracheleae i, més endavant, Trachelinae d'acord amb la terminologia més moderna. Durant aquests anys ha estat col·locat dins de les famílies dels clubiònids (Clubionidae) i posteriorment dels corínnids (Corinnidae). El 2014, una anàlisi de Martín J. Ramírez va suggerir que no era tan proper a altres membres dels Corinnidae, i era més encertat considerar-la com a família separada.[3]
Les espècies d'aquesta família es troben distribuïdes per Àfrica, Amèrica, Àsia i Europa.[2]
Segons el World Spider Catalog amb data de 18 de gener de 2019 els traquèlids tenen reconeguts els següents gèneres:[2]
Segons el World Spider Catalog versió 19.0 (2018), existeix el següent gènere fòssil del neogen:[4]
Els traquèlids (Trachelidae) són una família d'aranyes araneomorfes, descrita per primera vegada per Eugène Simon el 1897.
El tàxon fou descrit per Eugène Simon (1897), originalment, com a una subfamília; s'anomenà Tracheleae i, més endavant, Trachelinae d'acord amb la terminologia més moderna. Durant aquests anys ha estat col·locat dins de les famílies dels clubiònids (Clubionidae) i posteriorment dels corínnids (Corinnidae). El 2014, una anàlisi de Martín J. Ramírez va suggerir que no era tan proper a altres membres dels Corinnidae, i era més encertat considerar-la com a família separada.
Les espècies d'aquesta família es troben distribuïdes per Àfrica, Amèrica, Àsia i Europa.
Trachelidae is a family of araneomorph spiders (more recently evolved spiders with inward-pointing chelicerae) first described by Eugène Simon in 1897 as a subfamily called "Tracheleae" ("Trachelinae" in modern terminology).[2] The Trachelidae family, also known as "ground sac spiders", is within the group of spiders known as the RTA clade, which includes mostly wandering spiders that do not use webs. Spiders in the Trachelidae family are characterized as being 3-10mm long and having a red cephalothorax and a yellow/tan abdomen. They are commonly found indoors.[3] It was placed in the family Clubionidae, then later in Corinnidae when the Clubionidae were split up. The first study that suggested Trachelidae should be considered its own family was done by Deeleman-reinhold in 2001 as part of an analysis of RTA Clade spiders.[4] An analysis by Martín J. Ramírez in 2014 suggested that it was not closely related to other members of the Corinnidae, and was better treated as a separate family.[5] It was then placed in the CTC clade of spiders, or the Claw Tuft Clasper clade,[6] which is a group of spiders that have two tarsal claws with tufts of hair.[7]
A major synapomorphy of Trachelidae is the reduction of leg spines. Other synapomorphies of the family include no scales, no epiandrous spigot, only one major ampullate gland in females, no median apophysis, and the secondary spermatheca are the same size as the primary.[8] Currently, there are 271 known species across 20 genera.
As of July 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[1]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Trachelidae is a family of araneomorph spiders (more recently evolved spiders with inward-pointing chelicerae) first described by Eugène Simon in 1897 as a subfamily called "Tracheleae" ("Trachelinae" in modern terminology). The Trachelidae family, also known as "ground sac spiders", is within the group of spiders known as the RTA clade, which includes mostly wandering spiders that do not use webs. Spiders in the Trachelidae family are characterized as being 3-10mm long and having a red cephalothorax and a yellow/tan abdomen. They are commonly found indoors. It was placed in the family Clubionidae, then later in Corinnidae when the Clubionidae were split up. The first study that suggested Trachelidae should be considered its own family was done by Deeleman-reinhold in 2001 as part of an analysis of RTA Clade spiders. An analysis by Martín J. Ramírez in 2014 suggested that it was not closely related to other members of the Corinnidae, and was better treated as a separate family. It was then placed in the CTC clade of spiders, or the Claw Tuft Clasper clade, which is a group of spiders that have two tarsal claws with tufts of hair.
A major synapomorphy of Trachelidae is the reduction of leg spines. Other synapomorphies of the family include no scales, no epiandrous spigot, only one major ampullate gland in females, no median apophysis, and the secondary spermatheca are the same size as the primary. Currently, there are 271 known species across 20 genera.
Les Trachelidae sont une famille d'araignées aranéomorphes[1].
Les espèces de cette famille se rencontrent en Afrique, en Amérique, en Asie et en Europe[1].
Cette famille est connue depuis le Néogène[2].
Cette famille rassemble 253 espèces dans 20 genres[1].
Selon World Spider Catalog (version 22.0, 26/03/2021)[3] :
Les Trachelidae sont une famille d'araignées aranéomorphes.
Trachelidae Ramírez, 2014 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'infraordine Araneomorphae.
I generi Meriola e Trachelas comprendono specie di solito bicolori con cefalotorace rosso-marrone e opistosomi grigio sporco o giallastro.
Sono ragni pressoché cosmopoliti[1].
Un recente lavoro di Ramírez del 2014, sulla base di considerazioni filogenetiche accurate ed approfondite, ha portato a precise caratterizzazioni nell'ambito dei Dionycha, con la costituzione di tre nuove famiglie (Eutichuridae, Phrurolithidae e Trachelidae) e la ristrutturazione di altre quattro (Miturgidae, Corinnidae, Clubionidae e Liocranidae)[2].
Questa famiglia è il risultato dell'elevazione di rango della sottofamiglia Trachelinae, precedentemente attribuita alla famiglia Corinnidae, a seguito del suddetto lavoro di Ramírez del 2014[2].
Attualmente, a novembre 2020, si compone di 19 generi e 247 specie[1]:
Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Specie di Trachelidae e Famiglie di Araneae. Trachelidae Ramírez, 2014 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'infraordine Araneomorphae.
