Hollandichthys taramandahy Bertaco & Malabarba 2013

This species is distinguished from its congener Hollandichthys multifasciatus by having the following characters: a small, vertically expanded black spot present at base of median caudal-fin rays, clearly visible after fixation in formalin or alcohol (vs. black spot present on caudal fin; distinctive marks on adipose fin absent (vs. anterior portion of adipose fin black); humeral spot absent on specimens larger than 60.0 mm SL (vs. humeral spot always present; two black humeral spots present on small specimens of both species). Additional characters useful to diagnose H. taramandahy from H. multifasciatus include having 8-11 dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays (vs. 10-15), 7-8 ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays (9-12), and shorter length of the penultimate branched anal-fin ray in adult males 9.0-12.3 in SL (vs. 11.1-20.8 in SL) (Ref. 94715).Description: Dorsal-fin rays ii,9; anal-fin rays iii-v,27-30; pectoral-fin rays i,11-14; pelvic-fin rays 6,i; scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5-6 (Ref. 94715).

Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Vertebrae: 36 - 39

Found in lateral puddles of rivers and very small tributaries with shallow and lentic blackwaters, with mud and leaf on the bottom, and very dense riparian vegetation. Larger individuals measuring 7.0-8.0 cm SL were observed isolated and small specimens measuring 3.0-4.0 cm SL were encountered in groups of 3 to 6 fishes. Feeds on spiders, ants, beetles, and insect parts. Other fish collected along with this species include Astyanax laticeps, Astyanax sp., Cyanocharax itaime, Cyphocharax voga, Gymnotus sp., Hyphessobrycon luetkenii, Mimagoniates rheocharis, Phalloceros spiloura, and Steindachnerina biornata (Ref. 94715).