dcsimg

Associations

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In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / feeds on
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph of Coniothyrium cassiicola feeds on Cassia marilandica

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Comprehensive Description

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Ditremexa marilandica (L.) Britton & Rose
Cassia marilandica L. Sp. PI. 378. 1753. Cassia acitminala Moench, Meth. 273. 1794. Cassia reflexa Salisb. Prodr. 325. 1796.
Perennial, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, 1-3 m. high. Stipules linear-subulate, caducous; petiole bearing a clavate gland near the base; leaflets 6-10 pairs, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, mucronate, ciliate, 2-5 cm. long, 6-16 mm. wide; racemes axillary, and in a terminal panicle; pedicels 1-2 cm. long; sepals ovate to oblong, obtuse, 6-8 mm. long; petals 10-12 mm. long; legume linear, long-pubescent when young, sparingly pubescent when mature, slightly curved, 7-12 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, impressed and septate between the seeds, the seedcavities about as wide as long; seeds suborbicular.
Tyte locality; Maryland.
Distribution: Massachusetts to Indiana, North Carolina and Tennessee.
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bibliographic citation
Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Comprehensive Description

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Ditremexa nashii Britton & Rose, sp. nov
Perhaps herbaceous, 4 dm. high, or higher; branches terete or nearly so, glabrous. Stipules caducous; petiole glabrous, bearing at its base a large sessile, ovoid-globular, black gland; leaflets 6-8 pairs, lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 9-12 mm. wide, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs along the margin and on the petiolules; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, the racemes short, few-flowered; bracts small, linearcaducous; sepals elliptic, rounded, somewhat unequal, 6-S mm. long, purplish, glabrous, orciliolate; petals oblong, cimeate at base, with colored veins; anthers dark purple; ovary hairy; style glabrous.
Swamp near Eustis, Lake County, Florida, August 16-25, 1894, George V. Nash 1720.
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bibliographic citation
Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Comprehensive Description

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Ditremexa medsgeri (Shafer) Britton & Rose
Cassia Medsgeri Shafer, Torreya 4: 179. 1904.
Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so throughout, about 2 m. high or lower. Stipules linearlanceolate, caducous; petiolar gland ovoid-conic to oblong or cylindric; leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong to elliptic, acutish or obtuse, mucronate, 3-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide ; racemes axillary or also in a terminal panicle; pedicels 1-1.8 cm. long; sepals obtuse, 5-8 mm. long; petals 9-11 mm. long; legume linear, usually strongly curved, glabrous or sparingly short-pubescent, 6-10 cm. long, 8-1 1 mm. wide, impressed and septate between the seeds, the segments much shorter than wide; seeds obovoid.
Type LOCALITY': Westmoreland County. Pennsylvania. Distribution: Pennsylvania to Iowa, Georgia, Kansas and Texas.
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Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. 1928. (ROSALES); MIMOSACEAE. North American flora. vol 23(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennial, Herbs, Stems woody below, or from woody crown or caudex, Plants with rhizomes or suckers, Stems erect or ascending, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Extrafloral nectary glands on petiole, Stipules inconspicuous, absent, or caducous, Stipules setiform, subulate or acicular, Stipules deciduous, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves even pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous o r nearly so, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts conspicuously present, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers actinomorphic or somewhat irregular, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Petals orange or yellow, Fertile stamens 6-8, Stamens heteromorphic, graded in size, Stamens completely free, separate, Filaments glabrous, Anthers opening by basal or terminal pores or slits, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit stipitate, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit strongly curved, falcate, bent, or lunate, Fruits quadrangulate, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit compressed between seeds, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit hairy, Fruit 11-many seeded, Seed with elliptical line or depression, pleurogram, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
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Senna marilandica

provided by wikipedia EN

Senna marilandica, commonly known as Maryland senna,[3] Maryland wild senna,[4] and wild senna,[5] is a perennial flowering plant in the pea family (Fabaceae) native to the United States. It blooms in the summer with yellow flowers, followed by long seed pods, and can grow up to 2 m (6 ft) tall. It prefers average to wet soil.

Description

Senna marilandica has green, round, unbranched stems rising from a shallow, fibrous root system, reaching a height of about 2 m (6 ft). The compound leaves are alternate and pinnate with four to eight pairs of opposite leaflets on each leaf. Leaflets are up to 6 cm (2.5 in) long and 2 cm (0.75 in) wide and are ovate to elliptic in shape.[5]

The inflorescences are racemes of six to nine yellow flowers, appearing both from the leaf axils (axillary) and at the end of the stems (terminal). The axillary inflorescences are up to 15 cm (6 in) long, and the terminal inflorescence is about 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long. Each flower is about 2 cm (0.75 in) across, with five yellow petals and five greenish yellow sepals. The stamens have prominent brownish anthers. The flowers do not have nectaries.[6][7] After the flowers are fertilized, drooping pea-like seed pods, up to 8 cm (3 in) long, appear.[5]

Distribution and habitat

S. marilandica is native in the United States from Nebraska to the west, Florida and Texas to the south, Wisconsin to the north, and New York to the east.[8] It is a species of special concern in Wisconsin.[9] The plant is found in woodland edges, open fields, and thickets, and in moist areas such as riverbanks and moist prairies.[6][10]

Ecology

The flowers bloom from early July through late August, and the seed pods form from early August through late September.[9] Bumblebees, butterflies, and solitary bees visit the flowers. Although the flowers do not have nectaries, extrafloral nectaries are located at the base of the leaves that are higher on the stem, in the inflorescence, and ants, parasitic wasps, and lady beetles feed on the nectar.[5][11]

S. marilandica is a larval host to the cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae), orange-barred sulphur (Phoebis philea), sleepy orange (Eurema nicippe), and little sulphur (Eurema lisa) butterflies.[12][13]

References

  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  2. ^ "Senna marilandica (L.) Link". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Senna marilandica". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  4. ^ "Senna marilandica (Maryland Senna, Maryland Wild Senna) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu.
  5. ^ a b c d "Know Your Natives – Wild Senna". Arkansas Native Plant Society. 2 September 2015.
  6. ^ a b "Maryland Senna (Senna marilandica)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
  7. ^ "Senna marilandica page". www.missouriplants.com.
  8. ^ "Senna marilandica". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2019.
  9. ^ a b "Maryland Senna (Senna marilandica) - Wisconsin DNR". dnr.wi.gov.
  10. ^ Denison, Edgar (2017). Missouri Wildflowers (Sixth ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-887247-59-7.
  11. ^ "Plants for Pollinators: Wild Senna". Xerces Society.
  12. ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  13. ^ "HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk.
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Senna marilandica: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Senna marilandica, commonly known as Maryland senna, Maryland wild senna, and wild senna, is a perennial flowering plant in the pea family (Fabaceae) native to the United States. It blooms in the summer with yellow flowers, followed by long seed pods, and can grow up to 2 m (6 ft) tall. It prefers average to wet soil.

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