Argonauta hians, also known as the winged argonaut, muddy argonaut or brown paper nautilus, is a species of pelagic octopus. The common name comes from the grey to brown coloured shell. The Chinese name for this species translates as "Grey Sea-horse's Nest".[2] The female of the species, like all argonauts, creates a paper-thin eggcase that coils around the octopus much like the way a nautilus lives in its shell (hence the name paper nautilus). The eggcase is characterised by a wide keel that gives it a square appearance, few rounded tubercles along the keel, and less than 40 smooth ribs across the sides of the shell.[2] The shell is usually approximately 80 mm in length, although it can exceed 120 mm in exceptional specimens; the world record size is 121.5 mm.
A. hians is cosmopolitan, occurring in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide.[2] It is an extremely variable species and there appear to exist at least two distinct forms; a "southern" form and "northern" form (see images). The former is most abundant in the Philippines and South China Sea. It is a much smaller animal, with a shell that rarely exceeds 80 mm and lacks the winged protrusions for which this species is named. The "northern" form, which is found in the waters surrounding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan, produces a much larger, darker and more robust shell that can reach 120 mm and has the characteristic winged protrusions. It is usually less elongated than that of the "southern" form and lacks its porcelain-like shine. Further research is needed to determine whether these forms represent two separate species or not.
A. hians feeds primarily on pelagic molluscs. Remains of heteropods have been reported from the stomachs of A. hians.[3] The species is preyed on by numerous predators. It has been reported in the stomach contents of Alepisaurus ferox from the south-western Pacific.[4]
Males of this species reach sexual maturity at a mantle length (ML) of about 7 mm, presumably the maximum size attained.[3] Females mature at about half the size of Argonauta argo.[5] They begin to secrete an eggcase at 6.5–7 mm ML.[3] Egg laying usually commences when females reach 14–15 mm ML; by 18–20 mm ML female A. hians have laid their eggs. However, the size at which this takes place differs across the animal's range.[3] Females grow to 50 mm ML, while males do not exceed 20 mm ML.[2]
A. hians is known to cling to objects floating on the surface of the sea, including other argonauts.[3][6] Chains of up to 20-30 argonauts of similar size have been reported.[3] The first female in such chains usually clings to some inanimate object, while the other females hold on to the ventral part of the shell of the preceding animal.[2][3] Gilbert L. Voss and Gordon Williamson observed six freshly mated female A. hians off Hong Kong that were swimming along in a string.[2][6]
In the open ocean, A. hians is often observed attached to jellyfish.[7] It has been photographed atop the jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata in the Philippines.[8] This behaviour has been known for a long time,[7][9] although little was understood about the relationship prior to the work of Heeger et al. in 1992.[8][10]
Underwater photographer Mark Strickland observed and photographed a female A. hians clinging to a jellyfish in the Mergui Archipelago, Andaman Sea, Myanmar.[2] The argonaut was observed using the jellyfish as cover, rotating the animal to hide itself from potential predators (in this case the photographer). The argonaut was also seen using the jellyfish as a 'hunting platform', as it "manoeuvered its host close to a smaller comb jelly, quickly grasped it with another pair of tentacles and devoured it".[2]
A. hians appears to be closely related to the smaller A. bottgeri from the Indian Ocean and A. cornuta from the north-east Pacific. The oldest known fossil material of A. hians originates from the middle Pliocene Sadowara Formation of southwestern Japan.[11] In terms of eggcase morphology, A. hians resembles the extinct A. sismondai.[11][12][13]
The type locality and type repository of A. hians are unknown.[14]
Juvenile female (6.5 mm ML) from the equatorial South Atlantic
Apparently immature male (5.0 mm ML) from the equatorial South Atlantic
Oral view of the same animal; note the modified hectocotylus
Funnel–mantle locking apparatus of juvenile male (5.0 mm ML) from the equatorial South Atlantic
Argonauta hians, also known as the winged argonaut, muddy argonaut or brown paper nautilus, is a species of pelagic octopus. The common name comes from the grey to brown coloured shell. The Chinese name for this species translates as "Grey Sea-horse's Nest". The female of the species, like all argonauts, creates a paper-thin eggcase that coils around the octopus much like the way a nautilus lives in its shell (hence the name paper nautilus). The eggcase is characterised by a wide keel that gives it a square appearance, few rounded tubercles along the keel, and less than 40 smooth ribs across the sides of the shell. The shell is usually approximately 80 mm in length, although it can exceed 120 mm in exceptional specimens; the world record size is 121.5 mm.
"Northern" form of Argonauta hians, Taiwan (121.5 mm) A. hians is cosmopolitan, occurring in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. It is an extremely variable species and there appear to exist at least two distinct forms; a "southern" form and "northern" form (see images). The former is most abundant in the Philippines and South China Sea. It is a much smaller animal, with a shell that rarely exceeds 80 mm and lacks the winged protrusions for which this species is named. The "northern" form, which is found in the waters surrounding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan, produces a much larger, darker and more robust shell that can reach 120 mm and has the characteristic winged protrusions. It is usually less elongated than that of the "southern" form and lacks its porcelain-like shine. Further research is needed to determine whether these forms represent two separate species or not.
A. hians feeds primarily on pelagic molluscs. Remains of heteropods have been reported from the stomachs of A. hians. The species is preyed on by numerous predators. It has been reported in the stomach contents of Alepisaurus ferox from the south-western Pacific.
Males of this species reach sexual maturity at a mantle length (ML) of about 7 mm, presumably the maximum size attained. Females mature at about half the size of Argonauta argo. They begin to secrete an eggcase at 6.5–7 mm ML. Egg laying usually commences when females reach 14–15 mm ML; by 18–20 mm ML female A. hians have laid their eggs. However, the size at which this takes place differs across the animal's range. Females grow to 50 mm ML, while males do not exceed 20 mm ML.
One of the earliest known depictions of A. hians, from Index Testarum Conchyliorum (1742) by Niccolò Gualtieri A. hians is known to cling to objects floating on the surface of the sea, including other argonauts. Chains of up to 20-30 argonauts of similar size have been reported. The first female in such chains usually clings to some inanimate object, while the other females hold on to the ventral part of the shell of the preceding animal. Gilbert L. Voss and Gordon Williamson observed six freshly mated female A. hians off Hong Kong that were swimming along in a string.
In the open ocean, A. hians is often observed attached to jellyfish. It has been photographed atop the jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata in the Philippines. This behaviour has been known for a long time, although little was understood about the relationship prior to the work of Heeger et al. in 1992.
Underwater photographer Mark Strickland observed and photographed a female A. hians clinging to a jellyfish in the Mergui Archipelago, Andaman Sea, Myanmar. The argonaut was observed using the jellyfish as cover, rotating the animal to hide itself from potential predators (in this case the photographer). The argonaut was also seen using the jellyfish as a 'hunting platform', as it "manoeuvered its host close to a smaller comb jelly, quickly grasped it with another pair of tentacles and devoured it".
A. hians appears to be closely related to the smaller A. bottgeri from the Indian Ocean and A. cornuta from the north-east Pacific. The oldest known fossil material of A. hians originates from the middle Pliocene Sadowara Formation of southwestern Japan. In terms of eggcase morphology, A. hians resembles the extinct A. sismondai.
The type locality and type repository of A. hians are unknown.
Juvenile female (6.5 mm ML) from the equatorial South Atlantic
Apparently immature male (5.0 mm ML) from the equatorial South Atlantic
Oral view of the same animal; note the modified hectocotylus
Funnel–mantle locking apparatus of juvenile male (5.0 mm ML) from the equatorial South Atlantic
Argonauta hians (nom vernaculaire : argonaute voilier brun ou nautile de papier) est une espèce de mollusques céphalopodes de la famille des Argonautidae.
Les argonautes sont des animaux très répandus apparentés aux pieuvres.
Ils ont une coquille calcaire fine comme du papier dans laquelle la femelle dépose ses œufs.
Coquille calcaire d'argonaute hians
Jeune femelle
Femelle
Mâle
Argonauta hians (nom vernaculaire : argonaute voilier brun ou nautile de papier) est une espèce de mollusques céphalopodes de la famille des Argonautidae.
Répartition : océans Indien et Pacifique. Taille : 3 à 6 cmLes argonautes sont des animaux très répandus apparentés aux pieuvres.
Ils ont une coquille calcaire fine comme du papier dans laquelle la femelle dépose ses œufs.
Coquille calcaire d'argonaute hians
Jeune femelle
Femelle
Mâle
Argonauta hians is een soort in de taxonomische indeling van de inktvissen, een klasse dieren die tot de stam der weekdieren (Mollusca) behoort. De inktvis komt enkel in zout water voor en is in staat om van kleur te veranderen. Hij beweegt zich voort door water in zijn mantel te pompen en het er via de sifon weer krachtig uit te persen. De inktvis is een carnivoor en zijn voedsel bestaat voornamelijk uit vis, krabben, kreeften en weekdieren die ze met de zuignappen op hun grijparmen vangen.
De inktvis komt uit het geslacht Argonauta en behoort tot de familie Argonautidae. Argonauta hians werd in 1817 beschreven door Solander in Dillwyn.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesArgonauta hians Lightfoot, 1786
Синонимы
Argonauta hians (лат.) — вид осьминогов из семейства Argonautidae[1].
Тело самки размещается в тонкостенной, лишенной камер вторичной раковине, прикрепляемой к дорзальным рукам. Карликовые самцы и вовсе лишены раковины. Тело мясистое, плотное, овальной формы, относительно узкое, полностью гладкое. Голова не крупная, не шире самого тела. Руки сравнительно короткие с двумя рядами присосок. Присоски некрупного размера. Оба ряда присосок широко расставлены друг от друга. Наиболее крупные присоски находятся на дорзальных руках. Замыкающий хрящ воронки в середине глубоко вдавлен. Орган воронки состоит из одной V-образной дорзальной и двух удлинённых вентральных долей. Воронка очень длинная, ее передний конец значительно выдается за разветвление вентральных рук и достигает уровня третьей присоски. Умбрелла рудиментарна, аквифероусные поры и рудименты внутренней раковины полностью отсутствуют. Гектокотилизирована третья левая рука. Гектокотиль очень длинный, его дистальная часть кнутовидная, в зрелом состоянии он отрывается от тела самца и самостоятельно проникает в мантийную полость самки[2].
Раковина слабо уплощена и лишена «ушек». Ширина раковины составляет 65—67 % от её длины. Боковые ребра раковины выражены, но не многочисленны и располагаются не тесно друг к другу. Количество ребер с каждой стороны — 12—23 (чем крупнее особь — тем их количество выше). Бугры на раковине высокие, с каждой стороны киля их количество составляет 7—13 штук. Киль широкий, его ширина равна половине ширины самого устья. Поверхность раковины в тонкой скульптуре. Окраска серая или серо-коричневая, в основании бугров и рёбер раковин она более тёмная[2].
Ареал вида охватывает тропические и субтропические области Мирового океана, к северу доходит до 43° с. ш. в Атлантическом океане и до берегов Японии в Тихом океане. Возможны заплывы в район южных островов Курильской гряды[2].
Теплолюбивый вид, обитающий в поверхностных водах. Взрослые особи держатся небольшими стайками, образованными, по-видимому, из представителей одного пола. Ведут преимущественно ночной образ жизни[3]. Питаются преимущественно другими пелагическими моллюсками. Яйца светло-оливкового цвета, собраны в четковидные шнуры[2].
Argonauta hians (лат.) — вид осьминогов из семейства Argonautidae.
{{Delete|G13}}提交刪除。 闊船蛸（學名：Argonauta hians）[1][2]，中國大陸稱錦葵船蛸，也称舡鱼，属头足纲船蛸科的物種。
通俗名稱源自於褐白色的卵盒，中國廣東地區稱呼它為「灰海馬巢」。[3][4]本物種的雌性，就像所有船蛸一樣，製造薄紙般的卵盒以利於章魚盤繞在內，就這方面來說很像是隻鸚鵡螺居住在它的貝殼裡（由此而得到一個稱呼：「紙鸚鵡螺」）。卵盒具有寬闊的龍骨，帶給了它方形外觀的特徵，少量圓形的結瘤順著龍骨分佈，並且較少有超過 40 條平滑紋脈橫越卵盒的側邊。[3]卵盒全長通常是在大約 80 毫米，然而例外的標本可以超過 120 毫米；世界紀錄尺寸是台灣產的 121.5 毫米標本。
闊船蛸是世界性的物種，出現在全球各地的熱帶及亞熱帶水域。[3]牠是非常多變的種類，而且已經發現到存在著至少兩類明顯的型態：「南方」型和「北方」型（見圖）。從前產量最豐富的是在菲律賓和南中國海。牠是一種非常小型的動物，包括殼在內少見有超過 80 毫米，而且有些欠缺翼狀突起，縱然這一品種取了這樣的英語名稱：「Winged Argonaut」（有翼的船蛸）。「北方」型發現在台灣、香港和日本周圍的水域，出產許多寬大、深色、更堅固、特有的翼狀突起並可達到 120 毫米的卵盒。卵盒通常很少比「南方」型瘦長，而且欠缺「南方」型特有的陶瓷般光亮。需要更進一步的研究來判定，不論這些型態是否意味著兩類的識別物種。
本種的出沒地點與有近緣關係的偏口船蛸一樣產自東北太平洋，而窄小的波氏船蛸產自印度洋。模式產地和模式存放處目前不明。[5]
闊船蛸具有兩性異形的現象，雄性達到性成熟時，外套膜全長（ML）約在 7 毫米，據推測達到最大尺寸。[6]雌性成熟時，約在扁船蛸大小的一半。[7]牠們開始進行分泌一個卵盒在 6.5 到 7 毫米。[6]通常當雌性達到 14 到 15 毫米開始儲放卵囊；雌闊船蛸產下牠們的卵不遲於 18 到 20 毫米。然而，尺寸有發生不同的橫跨範圍。[6]雌性能成長到 50 毫米，然而雄性並不會超過 20 毫米。[3]
闊船蛸已知會在海面上黏著漂浮物，包括其他船蛸。[8][6]有報告說一連串大小類似的船蛸接近 20 到 30 隻。[6]當其他雌船蛸們抓住並攀上前一隻船蛸腹部的殼時，第一隻雌船蛸在鎖鍊般的串聯中，通常會纏上某些無生命的物體。[3][6]吉爾伯特·沃斯（Gilbert Voss）和高登·威廉森（Gordon Williamson）在香港近岸海面觀察到六隻活潑成對的雌闊船蛸串在一起游泳。[8][3]
本種主要是以遠洋軟體動物為食。報告指出，有浮游異足類的遺體取自闊船蛸的胃部。[6]本物種也被許多掠食者捕食。有報告提到，牠在西南太平洋的長吻帆蜥魚的胃含物裡面。[9]
在寬廣的海洋，常觀測到闊船蛸伴隨著水母。[10]在菲律賓，清楚地描述牠游在珍珠水母（學名：Phyllorhiza punctata）的頭部上。[11]這項行為早已被知悉一段很長的時間，[12][10]雖然對於這項關係早先在1992年黑格爾（以及其他人）的著作已經有少許的了解。[13][11]
水下攝影師馬克·史翠南（Mark Strickland）在緬甸安達曼海丹老群島觀察並拍攝到一隻雌闊船蛸黏著一隻水母。[3]觀察到船蛸正利用覆蓋在水母的表面，使這隻動物旋轉來隱藏牠自己，免除潛在的掠食者（在這項攝影師的例子）。也目擊到水母像一座「狩獵平臺」般地被船蛸利用，如同牠「巧妙地操控牠的主人靠向一隻小型的櫛水母，迅速地用另一對觸手抓住並且狼吞虎嚥地吃了牠」。[3]
雌性幼體（6.5毫米）來自南大西洋赤道附近
外觀尚未成熟的雄性（5.0毫米）來自南大西洋赤道附近
同一動物的嘴部觀察；提到修改了交接腕
雄性幼體的漏斗和外套膜閉鎖器（5.0毫米）來自南大西洋赤道附近
闊船蛸（學名：Argonauta hians），中國大陸稱錦葵船蛸，也称舡鱼，属头足纲船蛸科的物種。
通俗名稱源自於褐白色的卵盒，中國廣東地區稱呼它為「灰海馬巢」。本物種的雌性，就像所有船蛸一樣，製造薄紙般的卵盒以利於章魚盤繞在內，就這方面來說很像是隻鸚鵡螺居住在它的貝殼裡（由此而得到一個稱呼：「紙鸚鵡螺」）。卵盒具有寬闊的龍骨，帶給了它方形外觀的特徵，少量圓形的結瘤順著龍骨分佈，並且較少有超過 40 條平滑紋脈橫越卵盒的側邊。卵盒全長通常是在大約 80 毫米，然而例外的標本可以超過 120 毫米；世界紀錄尺寸是台灣產的 121.5 毫米標本。
タコブネ（蛸舟、学名：Argonauta hians）は、軟体動物門の頭足綱タコ目アオイガイ科に属するタコの一種。別名フネダコ。
太平洋および日本海の暖海域に分布する。同様の殻を生成する近縁種としては、アオイガイやチヂミタコブネがよく知られている。
タコブネのメスが生成する貝殻は、他の生物が住み処として再利用することがあり、また、繊細で美しいフォルムを有することから、工芸品のように扱われたり[1]、アンモナイトの化石のように収集趣味の対象になっている。
タコブネは、主として海洋の表層で生活する。メスは第一腕から分泌する物質で卵を保護するために殻をつくるのに対し、オスは殻をつくらない。生成される殻はオウムガイやアンモナイトに類似したものであるが、外套膜からではなく特殊化した腕から分泌されるものであるため、これらとは相同ではなく構造も異なる。
食性は、タコと同様肉食性であり、稚魚や甲殻類を食べる。通常は海中を浮遊するが、取り込んだ海水を噴射することによって海中を前進することもできる。
成長したメスは、7ないし8センチメートル前後になる。オスはその20分の1ほどの大きさにしかならない。オスは8本の足のほかに交接腕（「ペニス足」）を有し、交接腕には精嚢が格納されている。交尾は、オスの交接腕がメスの体内に挿入されたのち切断されるかたちでおこなわれ、受精はメスの体内でおこなわれる[1]。メスは貝殻の内側に卵を房状に産みつけ、新鮮な海水を送り込むなどしてこれを保護する。
普通のタコのように食用可能であり、味もそれほど変わらないといわれる。ただし、体が小さく、水産上の重要種ではなく、数多く採集されることはめったにないので市場に出回ることはほとんどない。
ただしタコブネの殻は珍しいので、貝殻コレクターには憧れの品となっている。
この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（Portal:生き物と自然／プロジェクト:生物）。
