Birthwort

Aristolochia adalah genus tumbuhan besar yang terdiri dari lebih dari 500 spesies. Spesies dalam genus ini menyebar di berbagai wilayah dengan iklim yang beragam. Beberapa spesies, seperti A. utriformis dan A. westlandii, terancam punah.

Spesies terpilih

• Aristolochia acuminata Lam.
• Aristolochia acutifolia
• Aristolochia allemanii
• Aristolochia anguicida Jacq.
• Aristolochia arborea
• Aristolochia arcuata Mast.
• Aristolochia auricularia
• Aristolochia baetica
• Aristolochia bilabiata L.
• Aristolochia billardieri
• Aristolochia bilobata
• Aristolochia bodamae
• Aristolochia bottae
• Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.
• Aristolochia bridgesii
• Aristolochia burelae
• Aristolochia californica Torr.
• Aristolochia cauliflora Ule
• Aristolochia caudata
• Aristolochia chachapoyensis
• Aristolochia chapmaniana (= A. tonduzii)
• Aristolochia chilensis Bridges ex Lindl.
• Aristolochia clematitis L.
• Aristolochia colossifolia
• Aristolochia constricta
• Aristolochia cordiflora
• Aristolochia cordigera
• Aristolochia cornuta
• Aristolochia coryi I.M.Johnst
• Aristolochia cucurbitifolia Hayata
• Aristolochia cucurbitoides C.F.Liang
• Aristolochia cymbifera Mart.
• Aristolochia daemoninoxia
• Aristolochia dalyi
• Aristolochia delavayi Franch.
• Aristolochia deltantha
• Aristolochia deltoidea
• Aristolochia didyma
• Aristolochia durior (= A. macrophylla)
• Aristolochia erecta
• Aristolochia eriantha
• Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze
• Aristolochia fangchi Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chow & S.M.Hwang
• Aristolochia filipendulina
• Aristolochia fimbriata
• Aristolochia foetida
• Aristolochia foveolata
• Aristolochia galeata
• Aristolochia gibertii
• Aristolochia gigantea Mart.
• Aristolochia glandulosa J.Kickx f.
• Aristolochia gorgona
• Aristolochia grandiflora Sw.
• Aristolochia griffithi
• Aristolochia guentheri
• Aristolochia hainanensis Merr.
• Aristolochia hians
• Aristolochia hirta
• Aristolochia holtzei
• Aristolochia indica L.
• Aristolochia inflata
• Aristolochia iquitensis
• Aristolochia islandica
• Aristolochia kaempferi Willd.
• Aristolochia kewensis
• Aristolochia klugii
• Aristolochia labiata Willd.
• Aristolochia leuconeura
• Aristolochia lindneri
• Aristolochia lingulata
• Aristolochia littoralis D.Parodi
• Aristolochia longa
• Aristolochia macrophylla Lam.
• Aristolochia macroura
• Aristolochia manchuriensis
• Aristolochia mathewsii
• Aristolochia maurorum
• Aristolochia maxima Jacq.
• Aristolochia moupinensis
• Aristolochia nana
• Aristolochia obliqua S.M.Hwang
• Aristolochia odoratissima L.
• Aristolochia orbicularis
• Aristolochia ornithocephala
• Aristolochia ovalifolia
• Aristolochia pallida
• Aristolochia parviflora
• Aristolochia paulistana Hoehne
• Aristolochia peltata L.
• Aristolochia pentandra Jacq.
• Aristolochia pfeiferi
• Aristolochia pilosa
• Aristolochia pistolochia L.
• Aristolochia poecilantha
• Aristolochia pontica
• Aristolochia prostrata
• Aristolochia pubera
• Aristolochia raja
• Aristolochia reticulata Jacq.
• Aristolochia ridicula N.E.Br.
• Aristolochia ringens Vahl
• Aristolochia rotunda L.
• Aristolochia rugosa Lam.
• Aristolochia schippii
• Aristolochia scytophylla S.M.Hwang & D.L.Chen
• Aristolochia sempervirens L.
• Aristolochia serpentaria L.
• Aristolochia silvatica
• Aristolochia sipho L'Hér.
• Aristolochia socorroensis
• Aristolochia sprucei
• Aristolochia stomachoides
• Aristolochia surinamensis Willd.
• Aristolochia tagala
• Aristolochia taliscana
• Aristolochia thozetii
• Aristolochia thwaitesii Hook
• Aristolochia tomentosa Sims
• Aristolochia tricaudata
• Aristolochia trilobata
• Aristolochia tuberosa C.F.Liang & S.M.Hwang
• Aristolochia urupaensis
• Aristolochia utriformis S.M.Hwang
• Aristolochia watsonii Woot. & Standl.
• Aristolochia weddellii
• Aristolochia westlandii Hemsl.
• Aristolochia wrightii Seem.
• Aristolochia yunnanensis Franch.^[2][3]

Catatan kaki

Referensi

• American Cancer Society (ACS (2006): Known and Probable Carcinogens (Including Industrial Processes, Occupational Exposures, Infectious Agents, Chemicals, and Radiation). Version of 02/03/2006. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.
• Depierreux, M; Van Damme, B; Vanden Houte K; & Vanherweghem, JL (1994). "Pathologic aspects of a newly described nephropathy related to the prolonged use of Chinese herbs". American Journal of Kidney Disease. 24 (2): 172–180. PMID 8048421. Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)
• Grollman, Arthur P.; Shibutani, Shinya; Moriya, Masaaki; Miller, Frederick; Wu, Lin; Moll, Ute; Suzuki, Naomi; Fernandes, Andrea; Rosenquist, Thomas; Medverec, Zvonimir; Jakovina, Krunoslav; Brdar, Branko; Slade, Neda; Turesky; Robert J.; Goodenough, Angela K.; Rieger, Robert; Vukelić, Mato & Jelaković, Bojan (2007): Aristolochic acid and the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. PNAS 104(20): 12129-12134.DOI:10.1073/pnas.0701248104 PMID 17620607 PDf fulltext Supporting information
• Heinrich, M., J. Chan, S. Wanke, Ch. Neinhuis and M.S.S. Simmonds 2009 Local Uses of Aristolochia species and content of Aristolochic Acid 1 and 2 – a global assessment based on bibliographic sources. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 125: 108 – 144.
• Stiborova, M; Frei, E; Breuer, A;, Bieler, CA & Schmeiser, HH (1999). "Aristolactam I a metabolite of aristolochic acid I upon activation forms an adduct found in DNA of patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy". Experimental Toxicological Pathology. 51 (4-5): 421–427. Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)
• Vandaveer, Chelsie (2002): How did the shape of a flower cause the death of women?. Version of 2002-JAN-10. Retrieved 2007-NOV-12.
• Vanherweghem, JL; Depierreux, M; Tielemans, C; Abramowicz, D; Dratwa, M; Jadoul, M; Richard, C; Vandervelde, D; Verbeelen D, & Vanhaelen-Fastre, R (1993-02-13). "Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs". The Lancet. 341 (8842): 387–391. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92984-2. PMID 8094166.Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)

Pranala luar

• Pictures of Aristolochia chilensis and Aristolochia bridgesii
• http://jollinart.centerblog.net/