Description
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Adults 60-80 mm. Tibiotarsal articulation reaches at most the nostril. Hand without webbing, foot completely webbed. Terminal discs of fingers and toes strongly enlarged. Tympanum rather indistinct and small (1/4 of eye diameter). Dorsal skin smooth. Colour olive greenish, especially in subadults, to brown, with lighter or darker indistinct markings. Ventrally white, often with dark spots or marblings on throat and chest. Males without femoral glands. Similar species: This large species can easily be mistaken with Mantidactylus grandidieri and M. guttulatus which, however, have less expanded discs on fingers and toes. Smaller specimens can also be mistaken with Spinomantis microtis which occurs in south-eastern Madagascar as well but appears to be confined to higher elevations. Juveniles may also be confused with Mantidactylus lugubris and related species which can occur syntopically.Taken with permission from Glaw and Vences (2007).
Nussbaum, R., Raxworthy, C., and Andreone, F. (2008). Boehmantis microtympanum. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 22 April 2009.
- author
- Miguel Vences
- author
- Frank Glaw
Distribution and Habitat
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Ambana, Andohahela, Bekazaha, Chaines Anosyennes, Isaka-Ivondro, Manantantely, Nahampoana, Soavala. It occurs between 50-1,000m asl in degraded and pristine forest and open area next to relict forest (Nussbaum et al. 2008).
- author
- Miguel Vences
- author
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Habits: Often found on large stones in torrents. Mainly active at night, but sometimes found jumping on the stones in the afternoon, together with M. lugubris. Call: Unknown. The frogs live in very noisy torrents, and considering the reduced tympanum, M. microtympanum may be a non-calling species.Eggs and tadpoles: Unknown. Juveniles, already with a visible, very small tympanum, and a SVL of 16 mm, were found in January at Nahampoana. Breeding takes place in fast-flowing, rocky streams (Nussbaum et al. 2008).
- author
- Miguel Vences
- author
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Endangered because its area of occupancy is less than 500km2, all individuals are in fewer than five locations, and there is likely to be continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat in southeastern Madagascar. It occurs in the Andohahela and Midongy-du-Sud National Parks (Nussbaum et al. 2008).
- author
- Miguel Vences
- author
- Frank Glaw
Biology
provided by Arkive
A relatively sedentary species, Angel's Madagascar frog spends the majority of the time perched on a rock or boulder nearby or within a turbulent stream. Nevertheless, when disturbed this species demonstrates impressive energy, leaping from its rocky refuge into the water and skittering along the surface before clambering out onto another emergent object (2). Angel's Madagascar frog generally commences activity at dusk, or occasionally in the late afternoon, continuing throughout the night (2) (3). During this time it hunts for insects, small freshwater crustaceans and smaller frogs, devouring its prey whole. Although Angel's Madagascar frog is active throughout the year, its growth slows during the dry season (March to September), when temperatures are lower and food is less abundant (4).
Like most other frogs, the life-cycle of Angel's Madagascar frog consists of an aquatic, gilled tadpole phase, and an air-breathing adult phase (2) (5). The female lays over 300 eggs, usually within a shallow pool on the surface of a rock, which are fertilised by the male and swell into a gelatinous mass. Once hatched, the tadpoles are believed to remain in the pool or enter the stream, where they eventually metamorphose into juvenile frogs (2). The male Angel's Madagascar frog reaches sexual maturity at about two years old, around a year earlier than the female. This is a useful reproductive strategy as it allows the females to reach a larger size, where they are capable of producing a greater amount of eggs (4). This species has a relatively long lifespan reaching up to seven years (2).
Conservation
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While there are no known conservation measures specifically targeting Angel's Madagascar frog, it is found in two protected areas, the Andohahela and Midongy-du-Sud National Parks (1). Nevertheless, increased protection of this species' habitat, along with educational programs to inform local people of how best to manage the forests sustainably, are vital measures that must be implemented if Angel's Madagascar frog is to be conserved (6).
Angel's Madagascar frog is one of nearly 2,000 species of amphibian worldwide threatened with extinction. Having produced the comprehensive Global Amphibian Assessment, which assesses the conservation status of all known amphibian species, the IUCN is now working towards mitigating threats to these species through the creation of the Amphibian Action Conservation Plan (7) (8).
Description
provided by Arkive
With marbled greyish or greenish-brown upperparts, the large-bodied Angel's Madagascar frog is perfectly camouflaged amongst the mossy, granite rocks of its preferred habitat (2) (3). In contrast to the upperparts, the belly is white, with scattered dark spots becoming denser around the throat. The eyes are large and prominent with a golden or brownish-copper iris speckled with black, while the area around eye and upper lip is marked with whitish spots. The hind feet of Angel's Madagascar frog are fully webbed, and each digit has a swollen, white tip, enabling this species to cling to moist rocks amongst fast-flowing water. Interestingly, the external ear drum of Angel's Madagascar frog is much smaller than in most frog species and, in addition, it is not known to produce any vocalisations. This may reflect the fact that hearing is not a particularly important sense for this species, as it lives amidst the continuous, loud noise of rushing water (2).
Habitat
provided by Arkive
Angel's Madagascar frog is found in and around fast-flowing rocky streams within undisturbed, as well as degraded, areas of humid, mature forest (1), between elevations of 50 and 1,120 metres (2).
Range
provided by Arkive
Angel's Madagascar frog is endemic to Madagascar, where it is restricted to just five locations within an area of less than 500 square kilometres in the extreme south-east of the island (1).
Status
provided by Arkive
Classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List (1).
Threats
provided by Arkive
Owing to its restricted range, Angel's Madagascar frog is highly vulnerable to the ongoing, large-scale degradation and destruction of forest that is occurring in south-east Madagascar. Although this species remains relatively abundant at some localities, a multitude of threats including expanding human settlements, agriculture, logging, livestock grazing, charcoal manufacture and the spread of invasive eucalyptus, are causing its population to decline. The pressures have already proven severe enough to cause local extinctions around Fort Dauphin, near the southern limit of this species' range. (1).
Boehmantis
provided by wikipedia EN
Boehmantis is a genus of frogs in the mantellid subfamily Mantellinae. It is monotypic, being represented by a single species, Boehmantis microtympanum.[4][5] The genus is endemic to Madagascar.[4]
Taxonomy
Boehmantis microtympanum was originally described in the genus Mantidactylus by Fernand Angel. The species was transferred to its own genus, Boehmantis, by Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences. This was justified using molecular data as well as by the lack of femoral glands, which are present in all other species in the subfamily Mantellinae.[2][3]
Etymology
The generic name honours Wolfgang Böhme, German herpetologist.[2]
Description
Boehmantis microtympanum are relatively large frogs, with adults measuring 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is rather indistinct and small. The finger and toe tips bear well-developed discs; the fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are fully webbed. Dorsal skin is smooth. The dorsal colouration varies from olive greenish to—especially in subadults—brown, with lighter or darker indistinct markings. The ventral parts are white, often with dark spots or marblings on the throat and chest.[2][6]
This species is not known to be able to call.[2]
Distribution and habitat
This species is endemic to southeastern Madagascar and is known from Midongy du sud National Park south to Andohahela National Park.[1][7] It occurs in pristine and degraded forests, usually in mature ones, with one record from an open area next to a relict forest. It lives in fast-flowing, rocky streams at elevations of 50–1,000 m (160–3,280 ft) above sea level.[1]
Conservation status
Boehmantis microtympanum is currently considered Vulnerable by the IUCN due to its limited range and ongoing habitat destruction. Nevertheless, it is locally common and occurs in two national parks (Midongy du sud and Andohahela) as well as in Tsitongambarika Classified Forest.[1]
References
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^ a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Boehmantis microtympanum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T57505A84174507. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T57505A84174507.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
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^ a b c d e Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel (2006). "Phylogeny and genus-level classification of mantellid frogs (Amphibia, Anura)". Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 6 (3): 236–253. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2005.12.001.
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^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Boehmantis microtympanum (Angel, 1935)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
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^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Boehmantis Glaw and Vences, 2006". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
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^ "Mantellidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
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^ "Boehmantis microtympanum". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
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^ Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel (2007). A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar (3rd ed.). Cologne, Germany: Vences & Glaw Verlags. ISBN 978-3929449037.
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Boehmantis: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Boehmantis is a genus of frogs in the mantellid subfamily Mantellinae. It is monotypic, being represented by a single species, Boehmantis microtympanum. The genus is endemic to Madagascar.
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