Hylodes heyeri Haddad, Pombal & Bastos 1996

A member of the Hylodes lateristrigatus group which contains small to moderate sized species characterized by slender bodies, smooth dorsums, and light dorsolateral stripes (Heyer 1982; Haddad and Pombal 1995) . This species, like other members of the genus, are found in the Atlantic forests of Brazil, usually near streams maintained by waterfalls. Hylodes heyeri, named in honor of Ron Heyer who has contributed a lot to the knowledge of anurans in Brazil, has a head longer than wide, snout round in dorsal view and acuminate-protruding in lateral view. Nostrils are slightly protuberant and directed laterally. There is a weak supratympanic fold which extends from the posterior edge of the eye to the groin. Arms are robust, thumbs with nuptial pads are without spines. Upper surfaces of finger discs have well-developed scutes. Dorsal skin texture is slightly rugose, posterior region of the body and flanks dorsally rugose; undersurfaces smooth. Rugose textures is also found near the vent and on the ventral surfaces of the thighs. In life, H. heyeri is dark brown dorsally, the upper surfaces of the forelimbs, tibia, and foot are brown with dark irregular spots. Upper surfaces of thigh and gorin are greenish brown with dark irregular spots. A brownish white line extends from the shoulder to the goirn, along with a whitish lateral stripe extending from tip of snout to the arm insertion. Throat is silver gray with a dark gray belly. Iris is copper colored. Not all individuals have the large tubercles on the upper surfaces of feet, toes, hands and fingers. Adveritsement call information are as follows: given sporadically, at an air temperature of 21-23 celsius, call durations are 0.72-1.53 sec; 21-37 notes per call given at a rate of 23.4-29.9/sec; note duration .03-.04 sec; dominant frequency range of 3.7-4.3 kHz. See Haddad et al. (1996) fig. 3 for harmonic and call structure diagrams.

Only known from the type locality in the vicinity of Caverna do Diabo, Eldorado, State of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The habitat consisted of a stream near a waterfall with rocks and a cave, both from which males called.

Males were observed calling in November and January (wet season). Males are diurnal and call from hsaded places on rocks and in rock crevices of small-to medium sized streams (some even from caves)

Julov

Diagnosis Hylodes heyeri is the largest and most rugose species in the H. lateristrigatus group, characterized by large size (males 36.4-42.6 mm snout-vent length); snout rounded in dorsal view and acuminate-protruding in lateral view; upper surfaces of feet, toes, hand, and fingers, and lateral surface of thumb, with enlarged tubercles; upper surfaces of finger discs with well-developed scutes; and dorsum dark brown.

Known from the type locality in the vicinity of Caverna do Diabo, Eldorado, Ilha do Cardoso, both in the State of São Paulo, and some localities in the atlantic forest of the State of Paraná, Brazil.

goma

sementes viáveis

Description of holotype Body robust; head longer than wide, snout round in dorsal view and acuminate-protruding in lateral view; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region concave; tympanum distinct, large, diameter about three-fourths eye diameter; weak supratympanic fold extending from the back of the eye to the groin; well-developed lateral vocal sacs; vocal slits present; tongue medium-sized; vomerine teeth in two small series, between choanae; choanae small, round. Arms robust; thumb with nuptial asperities and without spines; subarticular tubercles single, round; outer metacarpal tubercle nearly round, inner metacarpal tubercle elliptical; finger lengths II < I< IV < III; fingers laterally fringed; finger discs medium-sized, nearly triangular; upper surfaces of finger discs with well-developed scutes; finger and toe discs of about equal size. Legs robust; foot with an elliptical inner metatarsal tubercle and a protruding round outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles single, round; toes extensively fringed laterally; extensive tarsal fold-flap continuous distally with toe fringe on outer side of first toe; upper surfaces of feet, toes, hand, and fingers, and lateral surface of thumb, with enlarged tubercles; toe discs nearly triangular; upper surfaces of toes discs with well-developed scutes. Dorsal skin texture slightly rugose; posterior region of the body and flanks dorsally rugose; undersurfaces smooth; rugose texture near the vent and on the ventral surfaces of the thighs. Color in life of the holotype. Dorsum dark brown; upper surfaces of forelimbs, tibia, and foot brown with dark irregular spots; upper surface of thigh and groin greenish brown with dark irregular spots; brownish white line extending from the shoulder to the groin; a whitish lateral stripe extending from tip of snout to the arm insertion; throat silver-gray; belly dark gray with cream marbling; lower surfaces of hindlimbs brown with dark brown marbling; iris cupreous. Color in preservative of the holotype. In preservative (70% alcohol), the colors are similar to those in life, except for the greenish-brown areas and iris which become brown. All the brown tones became dark brown and the dark brown tones became black. Measurements of the holotype (in mm): Snout-vent length 41.3; head length: 16.0; head width: 12.6; eye diameter: 4.7; eye-nostril distance: 2.3; tympanum diameter: 3.6; thigh length: 20.7; tibia length: 22.1; foot length 21.8. Variation. Dorsal skin texture varied from slightly rugose to rugose; the enlarged tubercles on the upper surfaces of feet, toes, hand, and fingers, and lateral surface of thumb are lacking in the female and in one male, reduced in two males, evident in eight males, and very developed in two males. Belly in life varied from dark gray to silver-gray; the dorsum may be dark brown or brown with dark brown irregular spots. Measurements of others specimens (in mm) Average (standard desviation, range): Males (n= 13): Snout-vent length 39.3 (2.1, 36.4-42.6); head length: 15.0 (0.7, 14.2-16); head width: 12.7 (0.6, 11.5-13.7); eye diameter: 4.6 (0.3, 4.1-5.0); eye-nostril distance: 2.2 (0.2, 1.7-2.6); tympanum diameter: 3.0 (0.3, 2.6-3.6) ; thigh length: 20.1 (1.1, 17.9-21.9); tibia length: 21.7 (0.9, 20.5-23.1); foot length 20.6 (1.1, 18.8-21.9). Female (n=1): Snout-vent length 45; head length: 16.6; head width: 13.5; eye diameter: 5.3; eye-nostril distance: 1.9; tympanum diameter: 2.8; thigh length: 21.8; tibia length: 23.4; foot length 23.1. Larval morphology Description based in thirteen tadpoles in the stage 25 (Gosner 1960). Body ovoid in lateral and dorsal views. In lateral view the front is depressed with the tail 73 % longer than body. In dorsal view, the widest body portion is in the middle, just before the spiracle, which is sinistral and with a tube directed slightly to the posterior portion of the dorsum. In ventral view there is a depression anterior to the coiled intestine. Dorsal fin begins just after end of the body, and is narrow in all its extent. Ventral fin is narrower than the dorsal fin in all its extension. Both fins have the widest portion on the middle third. Nostrils with well defined edges, directed dorsolaterally, nearly equidistant between the eyes and the point of the snout. Eyes small (10 % of the body width). Two pairs of lateral lines on the first half of the body, and one pair on the posterior half. Mouth ventral, directed forward. Oral disc is 41 % of body width, laterally with a row of marginal papillae. Dental formula is 2(2)/3(1).The bases of the row of marginal papillae are in one series but alternate papillae project in different directions, emulating a double row. On the anterior labium there is a dorsal gap without papillae with 60 % of the oral disc width. Both jaws sheaths serrated, upper and lower jaw sheaths V-shaped. There are additional papillae on the posterior labium and lateral edges. Coloration in preservative: In dorsal view the body is beige translucent with brown spots between the eyes and between eyes and nostrils. Between nostrils there are two short longitudinal dark brown stripes. In ventral view transparent and lack the dark spots. Denticles and eyes are black. Some individuals present mouthparts depigmentation (unkeratinized). Tail transparent with brown dots uniformly dispersed. Spiracle and opening of cloacal tube transparent. Measurements: Total length (42.9 ± 5.2 mm; 34.8-54.5), body length (16.0 ± 3.0 mm; 10.4-21.7), tail length (27.0 ± 2.8 mm; 21.4-32.8), maximum tail muscle height (6.8 ± 1.6 mm; 4.9-9.4), maximum tail height (8.8 ±1.8 mm; 6.7-12.5), maximum tail muscle width (4.5 ± 0.6 mm; 3.9-6.1), interorbital distance (4.6 ± 0.9 mm; 3.4-6.1), internarial distance (3.4 ±1.3 mm; 0.3-5.0), maximum dorsal fin height (2.6 ± 0.9 mm; 0.2-3.9), maximum ventral fin height (2.1 ± 0.6 mm; 0.2-2.7), eye diameter (1.0 ± 0.5 mm; 0.1-2.0), narial diameter (0.4 ± 0.1 mm; 0.03-0.6), snout-eye distance (4.6 ± 1.5 mm; 0.3-6.6), snout-nostril distance (2.3 ± 0.6 mm; 1.4-3.4), body width (9.8 ± 1.6 mm; 7.4-12.7), oral disc width (4.4 ± 0.9 mm; 3.3-5.8; n = 12), dorsal gap on marginal papillae (3.0 ± 0.9 mm; 1.7-4.6; n = 9).

AMÉRICA DO SUL

DD. Data Deficient.

Hylodes heyeri is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, rivers, and subterranean habitats (other than caves). It is threatened by habitat loss.