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Description

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This frog is one of the whistling tree frog group most commonly represented by Litoria verreauxii and Litoria ewengii. As such it looks like a much larger and more robust version of these two frogs (that grow to only 40mm). Females grow to 70 mm and males a little smaller at around 50mm. They are greyish-brown above (darkness depending on the background they have been against) with many darker spots and flecks and a black mask running from the nose to past the eyes and over the eardrum to the shoulder. The belly is cream to pink in colour and there are orange flash markings in the armpits, groin and backs of thighs. As noted before, the Heath Frog is similar in appearance to the Whistling Tree Frogs (Litoria verreauxii and L. ewengii), but is much larger and more robust. It was confused for a very long time with the Jervis Bay Tree Frog (L. jervisiensis) and some more of its apparent rarity may also be due to this confusion (they have very similar calls)- these two species are not hard to tell apart as the Jervis Bay Tree Frog is rather slender frog for its size with a pointyish nose whereas the Heath Frog is robust and has a rather standard rounded nose.This description is partially based on information contributed by Frank Lemckert (pers. comm. 2003).
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Distribution and Habitat

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The heath frog is probably the least known and most infrequently encountered frog in New South Wales. It was only officially described in 1994, although there had been an attempt to describe the species in 1980, and was listed under the Threatened Species Act of the NPWS only in the last few years. There are records of this species from the coast and adjacent ranges from the Gosford area of NSW south down to the Gippsland area of eastern Victoria. Despite this rather large distribution there are in fact, very few records of this species from NSW and Victoria. The extent of occurrence of the species is approximately 65200 km2. This frog is known only from areas of natural vegetation ranging from sea level to at least 1000m and so has a broad distributional and altitudinal ranges. Heath Frogs are found in dry sclerophyll forest, dry woodlands and heathland. To me in fact, they have a remarkably similar localised distribution to that of the Giant Burrowing Frog (they share many of the same breeding sites in the Watagans) and their may be some important habitat features that both species use. They are not known to occur in substantially modified environments and so may be somewhat intolerant of habitat loss or changes. However, one site they are well known from is the old Darkes Forest Colliery which was obviously subject to some clearing and various types of disturbances and are also known from a number of sites in forestry areas. Hence, they do not appear to be intolerant of any disturbance, as has been suggested, although the actual effects of disturbance still need to be looked at to assist in the long-term conservation of this species.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Inadequate information on population size or trends.ThreatsNone known.Conservation MeasuresProtected where its habitat occurs in National Parks.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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These frogs have a spring calling season that may span the entire year, but is generally considered to be concentrated in the warmer months. However, I have heard it calling most often during the colder months, which is typical of the whistling tree frog group. Some further work on its calling season would be useful. Males call from vegetation above the water, with ponds being the preferred breeding habitat, although they have been recorded from streams. The call is a slowed down version of a whistling tree frog and rattles a bit so comes out as a reeeeeee reeeeeeeee reeeeeeee reeeeeeeeee repeated 6-14 times. The eggs are laid in small clusters attached to submerged vegetation as is the case for other members of this group. One trick regarding finding the Heath Frog is that they have a very sporadic and relatively unpredictable calling habit. Sites can be visited many times under apparently good conditions without this frog being present, only for it to turn up the next time the site is surveyed. Returning to the site the very next night is just as likely to find Heath Frogs have again abandoned the pond. Part of its considered rarity may be due to this unpredictable nature as recording it, even when it is known to be at a site, is very much a matter of very good luck and a lot of effort. The tadpoles may present a better option for surveys.The habits of individuals of this species outside of the breeding season are, as for most Australian frogs, not known. They are not seen at all when not breeding, which suggests quite secretive behaviour, but the lack of observations can just as easily be attributed to their rarity. The rest of the group appear to spend their time in the leaf litter and low shrubs and this may be the same for the Heath Frog. They may however, be more inclined to climb and have well developed suckers on their toes, which would make them hard to find when not breeding. They presumably eat invertebrates, but their diet has not been investigated.
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Litoria littlejohni ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Litoria littlejohni és una espècie de granota que viu a Austràlia (des de Nova Gal·les del Sud fins a l'estat de Victòria).

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Litoria littlejohni Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Litoria littlejohni: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Litoria littlejohni és una espècie de granota que viu a Austràlia (des de Nova Gal·les del Sud fins a l'estat de Victòria).

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Littlejohn's tree frog

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Littlejohn's tree frog (Litoria littlejohni), also called a heath frog or orange-bellied tree frog, is a species of tree frog native to eastern Australia from Wyong, New South Wales, to Buchan, Victoria.

Taxonomy

In 2020, following a taxonomic review, the species was split, with the description of a new species Litoria watsoni encompassing the southernmost populations.[1]

Description

This is a medium-sized frog reaching 60 mm (2.4 in) in length. It is normally brown or grey-brown on the dorsal surface with many scattered darker flecks and spots. Often, a faint darker patch runs down the back. A dark line runs from behind the nostril down to the shoulder. The belly is cream. The iris is golden-yellow, and it has large toe discs. The armpits and thighs are orange, this helps distinguish it from the similar Jervis Bay tree frog (Litoria jervisiensis).

Behaviour and ecology

Litoria littlejohni showing orange colouration

This species is associated with swamps and dams, still creeks, and pools, mostly in heathland, but also in forest and woodland, mostly in highland areas. Males make a trilling "weep, weep, weep, weep..." from elevated areas or while floating in water around the breeding site. Males call mostly during the cooler months (April to September); however, calling has been observed in all months with a peak in February. Clusters of about 60 eggs are laid attached to submerged twigs or branches near the edge of the water body. Tadpoles are dark in colour, reaching about 65 mm and take about 120 days to develop. Metamorphs resemble the adult and measure around 20 mm.

This species of frog is one of the least encountered species in Australia. Despite a large distribution, the number of sites where this species has been recorded is low (total 75) across New South Wales and Victoria. At the majority of breeding sites, the number of calling males is also normally low (less than four) and has only rarely been recorded with more than 10 calling males, which is low for even rare species of frogs. This may be due to poor surveying techniques as a result of lack of data on the breeding habits and habitat preferences of this species.

L. littlejohni tadpole

This species does not appear to be under direct threat from habitat clearing, and appears tolerant of disturbance. More research is required of this species to determine why low numbers of individuals are being recorded. However, despite the low numbers, they appear stable and this species does not appear to be in serious decline.

As a pet

It is kept as a pet, and in Australia this animal may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit.

References

  1. ^ Mahony, M; Moses, B; Mahony, SV; Lemckert, FL; Donnellan, S (2020). "A new species of frog in the Litoria ewingii species group (Anura: Pelodryadidae) from south-eastern Australia". Zootaxa. 4858 (2): 201–230.
Wikispecies has information related to Litoria littlejohni.
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Littlejohn's tree frog: Brief Summary

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Littlejohn's tree frog (Litoria littlejohni), also called a heath frog or orange-bellied tree frog, is a species of tree frog native to eastern Australia from Wyong, New South Wales, to Buchan, Victoria.

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Litoria littlejohni ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Litoria littlejohni (Littlejohn's Tree Frog, Heath frog u Orange-bellied Tree Frog) es una especie de anfibio anuro del género Litoria, de la familia Hylidae. Es especie originaria de Australia, y su área de distribución se extiende desde Wyong (Nueva Gales del Sur) hasta Buchan (Victoria).[1]​ It lives in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.[2][3]

La rana adulta macho crece a 5.0 cm y la hembra a 7.0 cm.[2]​ Esta rana es de color marrón claro con marcas más oscuras y una banda oscura en la espalda y rayas oscuras desde la nariz hasta las axilas. Tiene un vientre más ligero. Tiene una coloración naranja donde sus patas se encuentran con su cuerpo.[1]

Esta rana vive en bosques. Se esconde en plantas y sobre hojas muertes.[1]

Esta rana pone huevos en arroyos y pantanos. Los renacuajos viven en piscinas de movimiento lento con luz solar.[1]

Esta rana está en peligro en Nueva Gales del Sur porque los seres humanos cambian sus bosques y arroyos, debido al cambio climático y porque especies introducidas de peces comen sus huevos.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c d e «Littlejohn's Tree Frog - profile». New South Wales Government Office of Environment & Heritage. 1 de diciembre de 2017. Consultado el 24 de junio de 2020.
  2. a b J-M Hero; G. Gillespie; P. Robertson; M.L. (5 de abril de 2002). «Litoria littlejohni: Heath Frog». Amphibiaweb. Consultado el 24 de junio de 2020.
  3. Graeme Gillespie; Frank Lemckert; Peter Robertson (2004). «Litoria littlejohni» 2004. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. p. e.T41036A10391959. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T41036A10391959.en. Consultado el 24 de junio de 2020.

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Litoria littlejohni: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Litoria littlejohni (Littlejohn's Tree Frog, Heath frog u Orange-bellied Tree Frog) es una especie de anfibio anuro del género Litoria, de la familia Hylidae. Es especie originaria de Australia, y su área de distribución se extiende desde Wyong (Nueva Gales del Sur) hasta Buchan (Victoria).​ It lives in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.​​

La rana adulta macho crece a 5.0 cm y la hembra a 7.0 cm.​ Esta rana es de color marrón claro con marcas más oscuras y una banda oscura en la espalda y rayas oscuras desde la nariz hasta las axilas. Tiene un vientre más ligero. Tiene una coloración naranja donde sus patas se encuentran con su cuerpo.​

Esta rana vive en bosques. Se esconde en plantas y sobre hojas muertes.​

Esta rana pone huevos en arroyos y pantanos. Los renacuajos viven en piscinas de movimiento lento con luz solar.​

Esta rana está en peligro en Nueva Gales del Sur porque los seres humanos cambian sus bosques y arroyos, debido al cambio climático y porque especies introducidas de peces comen sus huevos.​

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Litoria littlejohni ( Basque )

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Litoria littlejohni Litoria generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

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Litoria littlejohni: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Litoria littlejohni Litoria generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Litoria littlejohni ( French )

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Litoria littlejohni est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Pelodryadidae[1].

Systématique

L'espèce Litoria littlejohni a été décrite en 1994 par les herpétologistes australiens Arthur William White (d), ?R. W. Whitford et Michael Joseph Mahony (d).

Répartition

 src=
Distribution

Cette espèce est endémique d'Australie[1]. Elle se rencontre du centre de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud à l'Est de l'État du Victoria entre 850 et 1 000 m d'altitude de l'Est de la cordillère australienne à la proximité de la côte.

Habitat

L'animal vit dans les marais, barrages, mares, mais aussi dans les forêts plus en hauteur[2].

Description

 src=
Litoria littlejohni.
 src=
Têtard de Litoria littlejohni.
 src=
Aisselle et cuisse orange chez Litoria littlejohni.

Les mâles mesurent de 40 à 51 mm et les femelles de 52 à 68 mm[3].

Son dos est de couleur brune ou gris-brun avec de nombreuses taches plus sombres et souvent une traînée noire. Le ventre est crème, l'iris est jaune, l'aisselle et la cuisse sont orange, ce qui permet de la distinguer de Litoria jervisiensis.

Il est difficile à rencontrer car sa population est assez faible, mais reste apparemment stable[2].

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Murray John Littlejohn (d) (1932-)[4].

Publication originale

  • White, Whitford & Mahony, 1994 : « A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from eastern Australia ». Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, vol. 114, no 1, p. 3-10 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. a et b UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  3. White, Whitford & Mahony, 1994 : A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, vol. 114, no 1, p. 3-10 (texte intégral).
  4. Beolens, Watkins & Grayson, 2013 : « The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians ». Pelagic Publishing Ltd, p. 1-262
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Litoria littlejohni: Brief Summary ( French )

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Litoria littlejohni est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Pelodryadidae.

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Litoria littlejohni ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

Litoria littlejohni is een kikker uit de familie Pelodryadidae. De soort werd lange tijd tot de familie boomkikkers (Hylidae). In de literatuur wordt daarom vaak de verouderde situatie vermeld.[2] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Arthur W. White, R. W. Whitford & Michael Joseph Mahon in 1994. Voordien werd de kikker gerekend tot de soort Litoria jervisiensis.[3]

De soort is endemisch in Australië, waar ze voorkomt in het zuidoosten, aan de oostkust van centraal Nieuw-Zuid-Wales tot oostelijk Victoria, op de hoogvlakte en de oostelijke zijde van het Groot Australisch Scheidingsgebergte en de aangrenzende kuststrook.[4] Het is een vrij grote boomkikker. Wijfjes zijn 52 tot 68 mm lang (lichaamslengte) en de mannetjes zijn gemiddeld 30% kleiner dan de wijfjes. De rugzijde is bruin, de buik crèmekleurig en de onderzijde van de dijen fel oranje gekleurd.

De soort is genoemd naar de Australische herpetoloog Murray Littlejohn.

Referenties
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Litoria littlejohni - Website Geconsulteerd 5 december 2016
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Litoria littlejohni - Website
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Litoria littlejohni ( Polish )

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Litoria littlejohnigatunek płazów z rodzaju Litoria, należący do rodziny rzekotkowatych.

Żaby znaleziono na południowo-wschodnim wybrzeżu Australii.

Przypisy

  1. Litoria littlejohni. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).

Bibliografia

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Litoria littlejohni: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Litoria littlejohni – gatunek płazów z rodzaju Litoria, należący do rodziny rzekotkowatych.

Żaby znaleziono na południowo-wschodnim wybrzeżu Australii.

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