Description
provided by AmphibiaWeb articles
A moderately sized, completely terrestrial salamander. The ground color is dark brown or black. A distinct broad yellowish to olive green dorsal stripe runs from the head to the tail, but does not reach the tip of the tail. Light spots occur on the sides. The belly is usually slate gray with white or yellowish flecks (Storm and Brodie 1970; Nussbaum et al. 1983; Petranka 1998). Occasional individuals and some populations are melanistic (black) (Stebbins 1985; Petranka 1998). Modal number of costal grooves is 15 (Petranka 1998). Adults measure from 5 up to 7.5 cm snout to vent length (10 - 15.5 cm total length), (Storm and Brodie 1970; Petranka 1998). Males have a relatively longer tail than females and also possess a mental gland, a raised region on the chin used in courtship (Storm and Brodie 1970; Petranka 1998). Juveniles are 13-16 mm SVL and have a brighter dorsal stripe with sharper edges (Storm and Brodie 1970; Petranka 1998). Plethodon dunni sometimes co-occurs with the similar P. vehiculum. These species can be distinguished using the stripe that extends all the way to the tail tip in P. vehiculum, but does not reach the tip in P. dunni.(Stebbins 1985).Melanistic populations in the area of Mary's Peak, Oregon, were described as a distinct species, P. gordoni (Brodie 1970). These populations are not genetically distinct from nearby P. dunni (Feder et al. 1978), and currently these are treated as P. dunni (e.g. Stebbins 1985; Leonard et al. 1993; Petranka 1998). See another account at californiaherps.com (http://www.californiaherps.com/salamanders/pages/p.dunni.html).
- Altig, R. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. (1971). ''Foods of Plethodon larselli, Plethodon dunni, and Ensatina eschscholtzii in the Columbia River Gorge, Multnomah County, Oregon.'' American Midland Naturalist, 85, 226-228.
- Brodie, E. D., Jr. (1970). "Western salamanders of the genus Plethodon: Systematics and geographic variation." Herpetologica, 26(4), 468-516.
- Cole, E. C., McComb, W. C., Newton, M., Chambers, C. L. and Leeming, J. P. (1997). ''Response of amphibians to clearcutting, burning, and glyphosate application in the Oregon Coast Range.'' Journal of Wildlife Management, 61(3), 656-664.
- Dumas, P. C. (1955). "Eggs of the salamander Plethodon dunni in nature." Copeia, 1955, 65.
- Feder, J. H., Wurst, G. Z. and Wake, D. B. (1978). ''Genetic variation in western salamanders of the genus Plethodon, and the status of Plethodon gordoni.'' Herpetologica, 34, 64-69.
- Marco, A., Chivers, D. P., Kiesecker, J. M., and Blaustein, A. (1998). ''Mate choice by chemical cues in Western Redback (Plethodon vehiculum) and Dunn's (P. dunni) Salamanders.'' Ethology, 104(9), 781-788.
- Riesecrer, J. M., Anderson, M. T., Chivers, D. P., Wildy, E. L., Devito, J., Marco, A., Blaustein, A. R., Beatty, J. J., and Storm, R. M. (1996). ''Plethodon dunni (Dunn's Salamander). Cannibalism.'' Herpetological Review, 27(4), 194.
- Storm, R. M., and Brodie, E. D., Jr. (1970). ''Plethodon dunni Bishop. Dunn's Salamander.'' Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 82.1-82.2.
- author
- Meredith J. Mahoney
Distribution and Habitat
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Plethodon dunni ranges from the Willapa Hills area in extreme southwestern Washington, south through the coast ranges and western slopes of the Cascade Mtns in Oregon, and into extreme northeastern coastal California (Del Norte, Co.) (Storm and Brodie 1970; Leonard et al. 1993). Among the western species of Plethodon, P. dunni inhabits some of the most mesic environments (Stebbins 1985), frequently semi-aquatic (Petranka 1998). In the rocky forest habitats preferred by this species, individuals may be found near seepages, streams, water falls, and other areas with rocky substrates (Nussbaum et al. 1983; Petranka 1998). At these sites animals will frequently be found in the splash zone or stream bank under rocks (Leonard et al. 1993). Populations also occur in moist talus slopes (Brodie 1970; Nussbaum et al. 1983; Leonard et al. 1993; Petranka 1998).
- author
- Meredith J. Mahoney
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Some short term studies have suggested that P. dunni are not impacted by logging (e.g. Cole et al. 1997). Plethodon dunni are often abundant in forest stands of all ages (Corn and Bury 1991), however populations are more likely to be present in logged stands when mature timber is upstream than when stands upstream have been cut (Corn and Bury 1989). More research on the long term effects of logging on P. dunni and other forest-dwelling species is necessary.
- author
- Meredith J. Mahoney
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
provided by AmphibiaWeb articles
Like other members of the genus Plethodon, P. dunni is completely terrestrial through all stages of its life history; courtship, mating, and egg deposition occur on land. There is no free living larval stage, and juveniles hatch completely metamorphosed (Stebbins 1985; Petranka 1998). Females evaluate potential mates using both chemical cues and body size of the male (Marco et al. 1998). Courtship behavior has not been described, but general facts are known based on closely related species. Fertilization occurs by means of a spermatophore deposited on the substrate by the male and picked up in the cloaca by the female (Duellman and Trueb 1986). Mating may occur from October through April and eggs are laid in spring. The females attend the nest until hatching in the early fall (Dumas 1955; Petranka 1998). Clutch size ranges from 4 - 18 eggs, average 9.4 (Nussbaum et al. 1983; Petranka 1998). Seasonal activity depends on local climate. In warmer, coastal areas, Dunn's salamanders may be active year-round as long as the habitat remains moist (Nussbaum et al 1983). Animals are active primarily at night, when humidity is high, and retreat under cover objects during the day (Stebbins 1985). Surface activity is restricted in areas with cold winters or summer droughts (Petranka 1998). Diet consists of a large variety of small, terrestrial invertebrates including mites, annelids, isopods, millipedes, coleopterans, and dipterans (Altig and Brodie 1971; Petranka 1998). Adults occasionally eat juveniles (Riesecrer et al. 1996). Predators of P. dunni include Steller's Jay, and northwestern garter snake (Thamnophis ordinoides) (Nussbaum et al. 1983).
- author
- Meredith J. Mahoney
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
provided by AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 11 years (captivity)
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- Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
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- de Magalhaes, J. P.
Dunn's salamander
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Dunn's salamander (Plethodon dunni) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the western United States (southwestern Washington south through western Oregon to far northwestern California).[1][2][3]
Description
Dunn's salamander is a moderately sized, terrestrial salamander. Adults measure 6–7.5 cm (2.4–3.0 in) in snout–vent length and 10–15.5 cm (3.9–6.1 in) in total length. The body is dark brown or black. A distinct broad yellowish to olive green dorsal stripe runs from the head to the tail, without reaching the tip of the tail. Light spots are on the sides. Some individuals and even populations are black (melanistic) and have been described as a separate species, Plethodon gordoni. However, these are not genetically distinct from ordinary P. dunni and are presently not considered a distinct species.[3]
It has no larval stage.[1][3] Juveniles are 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in) in snout–vent length. Its diet consists mainly of small invertebrates.[3]
Habitat and conservation
The salamander inhabits a variety of moist microhabitats and is found along shady, cool streams or seepages in wet, rocky areas and in forests, talus slopes, and moss-covered outcrops, often under rocks, logs, moss, and leaf-litter.[1][3] This salamander generally prefers moister microhabitats than sympatric species such as Ensatina or the western red-backed salamander.
Dunn's salamander is not considered threatened because of its relatively wide range and not being sensitive to habitat modification such as logging.[1]
References
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Dunn's salamander: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Dunn's salamander (Plethodon dunni) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the western United States (southwestern Washington south through western Oregon to far northwestern California).
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Plethodon dunni
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Plethodon dunni: Brief Summary
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Basque
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Plethodon dunni Plethodon generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.
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Plethodon dunni
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French
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Plethodon dunni: Brief Summary
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French
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Plethodon dunni est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae.
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Dunns salamander
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Dutch; Flemish
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Herpetologie Dunns salamander (Plethodon dunni) is een salamander uit de familie longloze salamanders (Plethodontidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Sherman Chauncey Bishop in 1934.[2] De soortaanduiding dunni is een eerbetoon aan de Amerikaanse herpetoloog Emmett Reid Dunn (1894 - 1956).
Uiterlijke kenmerken
Deze salamander wordt maximaal 18 centimeter lang.[3] De kleur is meestal zeer donkergrijs tot zwart, met op de rug en grootste deel van de staart een gele tot groenbruine brede band op het midden van de bovenzijde. Deze kan echter ook bestaan uit een rij grillige vlekken. Op de flanken zitten enkele kleinere vlekjes in deze kleur, en ook de bovenzijde van de poten en kop hebben deze lichtere kleur. Het lichaam is iets uitgerekt; de poten staan wat uit elkaar. De huid is altijd vochtig en glanzend. Omdat deze soort geen longen heeft wordt volledig door de huid geademd. Dunns salamander is dan ook erg gevoelig voor uitdroging.
Verspreiding en habitat
Dunns salamander komt voor in de Verenigde Staten; langs de Pacifische kust in het westen van het land. De habitat bestaat uit bossige gebieden met veel schaduw en het dier leeft langs oevers van stroompjes en bronnen. Een stenige oever heeft de voorkeur omdat daaronder geschuild kan worden. Dunns salamander is sterker aan water gebonden dan veel andere soorten en blijft in de buurt van oppervlaktewater. Bovendien wordt deze soort alleen actief vlak na een regenbui. De salamanders komen dan massaal tevoorschijn om te gaan jagen. Als het langere tijd droog blijft, trekken ze zich weer terug langs de waterkant en verschuilen zich tot het weer vochtiger wordt. Ze sluimeren dan en kunnen dat maanden volhouden, ze bevinden zich dan in een soort zomerslaap.
Levenswijze
Het voedsel bestaat uit allerlei kleine ongewervelden zoals insecten en wormen. Voor een salamander is deze soort erg vlug, als de salamander wordt verstoord rent hij snel onder een steen of andere schuilplaats. Daarnaast produceert het dier een irriterende afscheiding die vele predatoren afschrikt, maar voor de mens niet gevaarlijk is.
Bronvermelding
- Referenties
- Bronnen
-
(en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Plethodon dunni - Website Geconsulteerd 11 maart 2017
-
(en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Plethodon dunni - Website
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Dunns salamander: Brief Summary
(
Dutch; Flemish
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provided by wikipedia NL
Dunns salamander (Plethodon dunni) is een salamander uit de familie longloze salamanders (Plethodontidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Sherman Chauncey Bishop in 1934. De soortaanduiding dunni is een eerbetoon aan de Amerikaanse herpetoloog Emmett Reid Dunn (1894 - 1956).
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Plethodon dunni
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Portuguese
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Plethodon dunni: Brief Summary
(
Portuguese
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provided by wikipedia PT
Plethodon dunni é uma espécie de salamandra da família Plethodontidae.
É endémica dos Estados Unidos da América.
Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas temperadas, nascentes de água doce e áreas rochosas.
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Plethodon dunni
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Vietnamese
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provided by wikipedia VI
Plethodon dunni (tên tiếng Anh: Dunn's Salamander) là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Hoa Kỳ.
Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ôn hòa, suối nước ngọt, và vùng nhiều đá. Chúng không có giai đoạn ấu trùng. Thức ăn của chúng là các loài động vật không xương sống cỡ nhỏ.
Tham khảo
Liên kết ngoài
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Phương tiện liên quan tới Plethodon dunni tại Wikimedia Commons
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Plethodon dunni: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Plethodon dunni (tên tiếng Anh: Dunn's Salamander) là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Hoa Kỳ.
Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ôn hòa, suối nước ngọt, và vùng nhiều đá. Chúng không có giai đoạn ấu trùng. Thức ăn của chúng là các loài động vật không xương sống cỡ nhỏ.
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Bài viết Bộ Có đuôi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 
