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Three Coloured Harlequin Toad

Atelopus tricolor Boulenger 1902

Description

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Atelopus tricolor have a slim body and overall proportions. Male A. tricolor have a snout to vent length of 19.2 - 22.3 mm, whereas sampled A. tricolor females were slightly larger, being 29 - 36 mm respectively. The head is longer than it is broad and makes up one third of the snout to vent length. The snout is tapered and has a rounded tip. The upper jaw protrudes from the lower with a fleshy lip. The nostril is lateral, and the width of the eye is an equal distance as the distance between the nostril and the anterior edge of the eye. The pupil is horizontal. Atelopus tricolor has a postorbital crest that is not prominent. They have no tympanum. Overall, the body is slender. The tibia is about half the snout-vent length, and the foot is shorter than the tibia. The fingers are only basally webbed except for the short thumb, which about half the length of the hand and completely webbed excluding the tip. The tip of the thumb to the outer metatarsal tubercle is about half the width of the hand. The relative finger lengths are as follows: 1 < 2 < 4 < 3. Both palms and soles of the feet are relatively smooth with subarticular tubercles on the joints of some fingers and toes. They have long hindlimbs, with tibiotarsal articulation extending to at least the eye or beyond. The foot is shorter than the tibia. The feet have poorly developed metatarsal tubercles. The toes, except for toe tips, are completely webbed.The relative toe lengths are as follows: 1 < 2 < 3 < 5 < 4. Atelopus tricolor has small warts on its back, above the eye, on its sides and upper sides of the extremities. However, warts are absent from the tip of snout, ventral surfaces, and loreal region. The chest has wrinkled skin (Lotters and De la Riva 1998).Tadpoles at Gosner’s stages 33 - 34 have a total length of 33.7 - 16.3 mm. Looking down at the dorsal surface of the tadpole, they appear to have an ovoid shape with two lateral constrictions: one after the eyes and another at the level of the spiracle. They have one spiracle on their left side that ends in a visible protruding tube on the last third of the body. Tadpoles of this species are wider than they are high. The height equals about 69% of maximum width, and the tail makes up about 56% the total length of the tadpole (Lavilla et al. 1997). Atelopus tricolor adults can be distinguished from other similar Atelopus species by the present of warts on their skin and the stripes. Atelopus elegans and A. spumarius have smooth skin. Atelopus mindoensis has warts, but no stripes. Atelopus nicefori only has warts only on its flanks but not its back, and A. spumarius and A. amdinus are larger with shorter thumbs and only half-webbed toes (Lotters and De la Riva 1998).Diagnostic features for A. tricolor tadpoles include a large, laterally expanded oral disc, one row of marginal papillae with a mental, but no rostral gap. They have a large abdominal sucker that is about as wide as the body, a low posteriorly displaced tail fin, and a medial vent. Perhaps one of the most unique features in this genus is the single submarginal papilla on either side of the oral disc. Although only 15% of the genus Atelopus tadpoles have been described, so far this feature seems to be unique to A. tricolor (Lavilla et al. 1997).In preservative, the frog is dark brown with two yellow dorsolateral stripes. These stripes are usually continuous but may be interrupted. Most specimens also have small spots on their bodies and limbs (Lotters and De la Riva 1998). Live specimens are greenish black with bright red-orange spotting; mustard-yellow bands (Reynalds and Foster 1992).Tadpoles are dark brown with dark spots. Sides have non-pigmented areas. The venter is transparent with uniformly distributed dark spots. It has a non-pigmented stripe down the whole length. Transparent fins have scattered dark spots. They have a large abdominal sucker that is almost transparent with dark spots but no pigmented border. The tail is dark with unpigmented areas of variable sizes and shapes (Lavilla et al. 1997).The species authority is: Boulenger, G. A. (1902). "Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia." Journal of Natural History, 10, 394-402.Atelopus tricolor belongs to the family Bufonidae and was first described in 1902 by Boulenger. In a re-description of the species, Lötters and De La Riva (1998) declared that both A. rugulosus and A. wilimanii are synonyms for A. tricolor.

References

  • Lavilla, E. O., De Sa, R.O., De La Riva, I. (1997). ''Description of the tadpole of Atelopus tricolor.'' Journal of Herpetology, 31(1), 121-124.
  • Lötters, S., De La Riva, I. (1998). ''Redescription of Atelopus tricolor Boulenger from southeastern Peru and adjacent Bolivia, with comments on related forms.'' Journal of Herpetology, 32(4), 481-488.
  • Reynolds, R. P., Foster, M. S. (1992). ''Four new species of frogs and one new species of snake from the Chapare region of Bolivia, with notes on other species.'' Herpetological Monographs, 6, 83-104.
  • Salas, A., Ibáñez, R., Catenazzi, A., Chaparro-Auza, J.C., Angulo, A., Reichle, S., Köhler, J., De la Riva, I., Lötters, S., Cortez, C., Arizabal, W. (2004). Atelopus tricolor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T54559A11167505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54559A11167505.en. Downloaded on 02 March 2016.

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Distribution and Habitat

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Atelopus tricolor is restricted to the Eastern Andes Mountains in Peru and nearby parts of Bolivia in humid montane forests at elevations of 600 – 2500 m above sea level close to short stream tracts with fast flow (Reynolds and Foster 1992, Lötters and De la Riva 1998, Stuart et al. 2008). A re-description of the species was made using specimens collected from the Cordillera Oriental area (Lotters and De la Riva 1998). The type specimen comes from the Mercapata Valley (Stuart et al. 2008), and the tadpoles that were collected and described were from Paucartambo, Departamento Cruzo, Peru and from the Noryungas Province, Departamento La Paz, Bolivia (Lavilla et al. 1997).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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According to the IUCN Redlist, the primary reason for decline is habitat loss due to an increase in coffee, cocoa and chili pepper farming. However, A. tricolor can also be found in protected land (Salas et al. 2004, La Marca et al. 2005).Atelopus has potential to be affected by diseases. This claim is justified due to the substantial declines in other species of Atelopus by the Chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd is believed to be able to spread to A. tricolor, however, out of 113 species, it is one of ten in the genus Atelopus that has not been affected by Bd (La Marca et al. 2005).The species may also be threatened by introduced predatory trout (Salas et al. 2004).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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In humid montane forests, these frogs are abundant. They are found both during the day and night around streams. They are commonly found 0.5 m above small fast-rushing streams, where breeding occurs (Reynolds and Foster 1992, Salas et al. 2004). The species has also been observed in perches 0.3 – 1.2 m off the ground in disturbed primary forest and along secondary growth near roads. Males have been heard calling in groups of 4 – 10 individuals (Salas et al. 2004)Tadpoles have been observed in the dry season. The sex ratio seems to favor many males to few females (Lötters and De la Riva 1998).Several members of the genus Atelopus excrete the toxin, Atelopidtoxin. However, this toxin has not been studied in A. tricolor and it is currently unknown whether the species is toxic, but it is highly possible given that other members of this genus are known to have Atelpidotoxin (Fuhrman et. al. 1969).
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Brief Summary

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Atelopus tricolor, known as the three-colored stubfoot toad, the three-colored harlequin toad and the Bolivian stubfoot toad, is one of the more than 65 recognized species in the Neotropical bufonid genus Atelopus. By both night and day, it is found near streams on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in primary montane forest between 600-2500 m asl.Its range, Southeastern Peru through the Yungas and Chapare regions of Bolivia, includes Madidi and Carrasco national parks and Manu Biosphere Reserve.This large distribution disputes Lötters’ (1996) theory that although lowland Atelopus frogs are known from wide distributions, montane Atelopus have small, restricted ranges (Lötters and de la Riva 1998; Salas et al. 2004).

A locally common (as of 2004), slim, small, long-legged toad, A. tricolor is considered part of the A. flavescens group. It is thought potentially susceptible to chytridiomycosis infection and listed as vulnerable by the IUCN especially as other montane Atelopus species have shown sharp declines, probably due to infection, augmented by degraded habitat, introduced predatory trout, and pollution.The three-colored stubfoot toad has red-orange spotting atop its greenish-black back, a red belly and yellow stripes along its sides and is distinguished from the similar and co-occurring A. erythropus by small, characteristic warts on its dorsum flanks, and limbs (Salas et al. 2004).

Males call in groups of 4-10, at night, and have been observed perching on vegetation at heights between 0.3-1.2 meters off the ground (Salas et al. 2004).Lavilla et al. (1996) described the tadpoles, collecting specimens from Peru and Bolivia.

References

  • Lavilla, E.O., De Sa, R., and I De la Riva. 1997. The tadpole of Atelopus tricolor (Anura: Bufonidae). J. Herpetol. 31: 121-124.
  • Lötters, S. 1996. The Neotropical toad genus Atelopus. Checklist = Biology - Distribution. Vences & Glaw, Koln (Cologne).
  • Lötters, S. and I. De la Riva 1998. Redescription of Atelopus tricolor Boulenger from Southeastern Peru and Adjacent Bolivia, with Comments on Related Forms. Journal of Herpetology 32(4):481-488.
  • Salas, A., R. Ibáñez, A. Catenazzi, J.C. Chaparro-Auza, A. Angulo, S. Reichle, J. Köhler, I. De la Riva, S. Lötters, C. Cortez and W. Arizabal 2004. Atelopus tricolor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. Retrieved 3 August 2015 from http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/54559/0.

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Atelopus tricolor ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Atelopus tricolor és una espècie d'amfibi que viu a Bolívia i Perú.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

Referències

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Atelopus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Atelopus tricolor és una espècie d'amfibi que viu a Bolívia i Perú.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

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Dreifarben-Stummelfußfrosch ( German )

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Der Dreifarben-Stummelfußfrosch (Atelopus tricolor, Syn.: Atelopus rugulosus, Atelopus willimani) gehört zu den Stummelfußfröschen (Atelopus). Er wird auch Dreifarben-Harlekinfrosch oder Dreifarben-Harlekinkröte genannt. Die Gattung Atelopus gehört zur Familie der Kröten (Bufonidae).

Beschreibung

Die Männchen sind 20,4 bis 27 mm und die Weibchen 36 mm groß. Sie besitzen einen schlanken Körper mit langen Gliedmaßen. Die Haut ist weich und warzenartig. Der Bauch ist gelb mit schwarz-bläulichen unregelmäßigen Punkten. Er hat Streifen an den Flanken und am Kiefer in derselben senfgelben Farbe. Rücken und Gliedmaßen sind dunkelbraun oder schwarz-bläulich mit senf-gelben Punkten. Handflächen und Fußsohlen sind rot, was ein gutes Erkennungszeichen ist.[1]

Population

Der Dreifarben-Stummelfußfrosch ist auf der Roten Liste als gefährdet gekennzeichnet, da eine Abnahme der Population zu beobachten ist. Es wird ein Rückgang der Population um 30 % in den nächsten zehn Jahren erwartet, wie bei anderen Atelopus-Arten in der gleichen Region, die wahrscheinlich durch Chytridiomykose hervorgerufen wird (Stand 2013). Diese Gefährdung ist noch nicht so stark aufgetreten wie bei anderen Spezies. Die Hauptgefährdung ist zurzeit der Verlust an Lebensraum durch Kleinbauern und die erhöhte Gewässerverschmutzung. In einigen Gebieten stellen auch die eingeführten Forellen eine Bedrohung für die Frösche dar.[2]

Habitat

Atelopus tricolor lebt in feuchten Waldgebieten und laicht in Fließgewässern. Die Männchen bilden Gruppen von 4 bis 10 Individuen. In der Nacht halten sich die Frösche auf einer Höhe von 0,3 bis 1,2 Meter auf.[2]

Verbreitungsgebiet

Östliche Anden wie Peru und Bolivien in Höhen von 600 bis 2500 m, z. B. Mercapta-Tal in Peru, Amazonas an den Hängen der östlichen Anden, Puno, La Paz, Cochabamba.[2]

Schutz

Atelopus tricolor ist in Kategorie „gefährdet“ der IUCN eingeordnet. In den letzten Jahren wurde er zur Seltenheit in Peru und gilt dort nach nationaler Kategorie ebenfalls als gefährdet. In Bolivien wurde seine Anwesenheit nur bis ins Jahr 2003 bestätigt[3], nach nationaler Kategorie sind dort die Daten mangelhaft (Stand 2005).[1]

Substanzen

Tetrodotoxin

Viele Frösche der Gattung Atelopus haben Tetrodotoxin auf der Haut. Es kann nicht als erwiesen betrachtet werden, dass der Atelopus tricolor dieses Toxin produziert, jedoch ist es eines der möglichen Toxine, welche bei dieser Spezies gefunden werden kann.[4] Es wird allgemein angenommen, dass das Tetrodotoxin durch symbiotische Bakterien, welche auf den Fröschen leben, produziert wird. Bei Fröschen, welche unter Laborbedingungen aufgewachsen sind, kommt das Toxin nicht vor.[5] Das Tetrodotoxin ist ein Nervengift, welches ein Alkaloid mit Guanidin-Teilstruktur aufweist. Dieses Gift ist unter anderem in Kugelfischen, Igelfischen, Krebse, Schnecken und Seesternen entdeckt worden. Das Tetrodotoxin kann die spannungsaktivierten Natriumkanäle blockieren. Dadurch wird das Auslösen eines Aktionspotentials verhindert. Dies verursacht motorische und sensorische Lähmungen. Das Gift zählt zu den stärksten Nicht-Protein-Giften. Der LD50 beträgt bei Mäusen intraperitoneal 10 µg/kg, subkutan 16 µg/kg und oral 332 µg/kg.[4]

Das Tetrodotoxin kann für die Schmerztherapie verwendet werden. So ist es ein möglicher Stoff für die Krebstherapie.[6] Es kann zudem als Antagonist für das alkaloide Toxin Batrachotoxin der Pfeilgiftfrösche verwendet werden. Dabei kommt es allerdings nicht sofort zu einer Blockade des durch das Batrachotoxin entstandenen Erregungszustandes, sondern zu einer Stärkung des Herzmuskels.[7]

Bufodienolide

Weitere Gifte, welche in der Spezies der Atelopus vorkommt, sind Bufodienolide und deren ähnliche Substanzen. Diese Toxine scheinen durch den Frosch produziert zu werden, da sie auch bei den in Gefangenschaft lebenden Fröschen gefunden werden. Bufodienolide sind in der Haut verschiedener Atelopus-Arten nachgewiesen worden, sowie zuvor in Kröten der Gattung Bufo.[5] Der Nachweis erfolgte durch Versuche, bei denen die Na+/K+-ATPase inhibiert oder die Bindung von Tritium-Ouabain an die Na+/K+-ATPase inhibiert wurde.[8]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Ranas Arlequines, 2005, J. Vincente u. a. (Hrsg.), Conservation International. 158 pages
  2. a b c IUCN. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Red List. (Stand: 2013)
  3. (PDF) Notes on amphibians recently collected in the Yungas de La Paz region, Bolivia. Abgerufen am 5. August 2019 (englisch).
  4. a b Moczydlowski, E. G. The molecular mystique of tetrodotoxin. Toxicon 63 (2013) 165–183
  5. a b Dally, J. W. Ernest Guenther Award in Chemistry of Natural Products. Amphibian skin: A remarkable source of biologically active arthropod alkaloids. J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 445–452
  6. N. A. Hagen et al. Tetrodotoxin for moderate to severe cancer pain: a randomized, double blind, parallel design multicenter study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008. 35:420–429.
  7. Chemgapedia Batrachotoxin. URL: http://www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/vlu/vsc/de/ch/8/bc/vlu/biotoxine/tiergifte.vlu/Page/vsc/de/ch/8/bc/biotoxine/pfeilgift.vscml.html (Stand: 4. Juli 2013).
  8. J. W. Daly: Thirty years of discovering arthropod alkaloids in amphibian skin. J. Nat. Prod., 61, 1998, S. 162–172.
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Dreifarben-Stummelfußfrosch: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Dreifarben-Stummelfußfrosch (Atelopus tricolor, Syn.: Atelopus rugulosus, Atelopus willimani) gehört zu den Stummelfußfröschen (Atelopus). Er wird auch Dreifarben-Harlekinfrosch oder Dreifarben-Harlekinkröte genannt. Die Gattung Atelopus gehört zur Familie der Kröten (Bufonidae).

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Three-coloured harlequin toad

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The three-coloured harlequin toad (Atelopus tricolor) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Characteristics

They have slim body; head is longer than broad; snout acuminate; nostril lateral not visible from above; eye width is about the same length as distance from nostril to anterior corner of eye. Loreal area barely convex; upper lip fleshy; immediate lateral postorbital are convex; temporal area slightly convex; tympanum absent; dorsal postorbital crest developed but not prominent. Tibia long; foot shorter than tibia; relative length of toes: 1<2<3<5<4; metatarsal tubercles poorly developed.[2]

References

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Atelopus tricolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54559A89196685. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T54559A89196685.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Lötters, Stefan; De la Riva, Ignacio (1998). "Redescription of Atelopus tricolor Boulenger from Southeastern Peru and Adjacent Bolivia, with Comments on Related Forms". Journal of Herpetology. 32 (4): 481–488. doi:10.2307/1565201. ISSN 0022-1511. JSTOR 1565201.
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Three-coloured harlequin toad: Brief Summary

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The three-coloured harlequin toad (Atelopus tricolor) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

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Atelopus tricolor ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Atelopus tricolor es una especie de anfibios de la familia Bufonidae. Habita en Bolivia y Perú.[2]​ Su hábitat natural incluye montanos secos y ríos. Está amenazada de extinción por la pérdida de su hábitat natural. Haciendo honor a su nombre, se constituye de tres colores.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Salas, A., Ibáñez, R., Catenazzi, A., Chaparro, J.C., Angulo, A., Reichle, S., Köhler, J., De la Riva, I., Lötters, S., Cortez, C. & Arizabal, W. (2004). «Atelopus tricolor». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2019.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 31 de enero de 2020.
  2. Frost, D.R. «Atelopus tricolor». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 31 de enero de 2020.

Bibliografía

  • Boulenger, G. A. (1902). «Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia». Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7 10: 394-402.
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Atelopus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Atelopus tricolor es una especie de anfibios de la familia Bufonidae. Habita en Bolivia y Perú.​ Su hábitat natural incluye montanos secos y ríos. Está amenazada de extinción por la pérdida de su hábitat natural. Haciendo honor a su nombre, se constituye de tres colores.​

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Atelopus tricolor ( Basque )

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Atelopus tricolor Atelopus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Atelopus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Atelopus tricolor Atelopus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Atelopus tricolor ( French )

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Atelopus tricolor est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre entre 1 250 et 2 500 m d'altitude dans la cordillère Orientale[1],[2] :

Publication originale

  • Boulenger, 1902 : Descriptions of new Batrachians and Reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.7, vol. 10, p. 394-402 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Atelopus tricolor: Brief Summary ( French )

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Atelopus tricolor est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae.

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Atelopus tricolor ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

Atelopus tricolor is een kikker uit de familie padden (Bufonidae) en het geslacht klompvoetkikkers (Atelopus). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door George Albert Boulenger in 1902.[2]

Atelopus tricolor leeft in delen van Zuid-Amerika en komt voor in Bolivia en Peru. De kikker is bekend van een hoogte van 1250 tot 2500 meter boven zeeniveau. De soort komt in een relatief klein gebied voor en is hierdoor kwetsbaar. Door de internationale natuurbeschermingsorganisatie IUCN wordt de soort beschouwd als 'Kwetsbaar'.[3]

Atelopus tricolor komt in tegenstelling tot veel andere klompvoetkikkers nog algemeen voor.[4]

Referenties
  1. (en) Atelopus tricolor op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Atelopus tricolor.
  3. IUCN, Atelopus tricolor.
  4. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Atelopus tricolor.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Atelopus tricolor - Website Geconsulteerd 5 februari 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Atelopus tricolor - Website
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Atelopus tricolor ( Portuguese )

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Atelopus tricolor é uma espécie de sapo da família Bufonidae. Ele é endêmico na Bolivia e no Peru. Seu habitat natural são as florestas úmidas das montanhas, em áreas tropicais e subtropicais, e rios. Está ameaçado pela perda do seu habitat.[2]

Referências

  1. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). «Atelopus tricolor». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2020: e.T54559A89196685. doi:. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2021
  2. Antonio Salas, Roberto Ibáñez, Alessandro Catenazzi, Juan Carlos Chaparro-Auza, Ariadne Angulo, Steffen Reichle, Jörn Köhler, Ignacio De la Riva, Stefan Lötters, Claudia Cortez, Wilfredo Arizabal 2004. Atelopus tricolor. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Downloaded on 31 October 2012.
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Atelopus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Atelopus tricolor é uma espécie de sapo da família Bufonidae. Ele é endêmico na Bolivia e no Peru. Seu habitat natural são as florestas úmidas das montanhas, em áreas tropicais e subtropicais, e rios. Está ameaçado pela perda do seu habitat.

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Atelopus tricolor ( Ukrainian )

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Atelopus tricolor — вид отруйних жаб родини Ропухові (Bufonidae).

Поширення

Вид поширений в Болівії і Перу. Його природніми місцями проживання є субтропічні або тропічні вологі гірські ліси і гірські річки на висоті 600–2500 м над рівнем моря. Існуванню виду загрожує втрата середовища існування.

Ареал

Типова місцевість виду знаходиться у долині Маркапата в Перу, на амазонських схилах східних Анд (південний схід регіону Куско). Інші перуанські записи є з районів, близьких до регіону Пуно на висоті 1,700-2,100 м над рівнем моря. У Болівії є записи з департаменту Ла-Пас в регіоні Юнга, і на півдев в районі Чапаре департаменту Кочабамба на східних схилах Анд.

Личинки відомі по 12 зразкам з місцевості Paucartambo-Atalaya, що за 68 км (по дорозі) на північний схід від мосту Співдружності через річку Тахіла, 1,700m над рівнем моря, у департаменті Куско, Перу; і п'ять зразків знайдені за 40 км на північ від міста Каранаві на півночі регіону Юнга у Болівії.

Посилання

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Atelopus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Atelopus tricolor — вид отруйних жаб родини Ропухові (Bufonidae).

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Atelopus tricolor ( Vietnamese )

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Atelopus tricolor (tên tiếng Anh là Three-coloured Harlequin Toad) là một loài cóc trong họ Bufonidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở BoliviaPeru. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và sông. Loài này đang bị đe dọa do mất nơi sống.

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license
cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
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wikipedia VI

Atelopus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Atelopus tricolor (tên tiếng Anh là Three-coloured Harlequin Toad) là một loài cóc trong họ Bufonidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở BoliviaPeru. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và sông. Loài này đang bị đe dọa do mất nơi sống.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI