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Description

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Flat-bodied with a long, rounded protruding snout. Tympanum distinct but upper edge is obscured by supratympanic fold. Large, bulging eyes. Horizontally elliptical pupils with dull bronze iris. Fingers are moderately long and slender. Whitish, nonspinous nuptial pad is present on the thumb of adult males. Not much webbing in between fingers and two inner toes. S. elaeochrous has dark green bones (visible through skin on underside of hind limbs). The color of this species varies. They can be uniformly ochre, a patterned dark brown or striped with bright beige or dark brown bands. They can also be yellow, yellowish-green, yellowish tan or olive green. Dorsal surfaces are usually smooth but sometimes have small tubercules. Ground color of dorsal surfaces are yellow green. Females reach a size of 40mm while males are generally no longer than 30mm. Metamorphs are about 13 mm. Larvae: mouth anteroventral, nostrils anterodorsal, eyes lateral, tail and tail fins are moderate, finely serrate beaks, lower lip with small lateral papillae, yellowish tan body, brown stripe from snout through eye, gold iris.Can maintain vertical head-down position on leaf due to mobile inner toes and inner fingers. Can also adhere to vertical leaf by pressing entire flattened body against leaf, having its entire body function as a suction cup. Makes a series of short notes (usually 2-15 but sometimes up to 95!) Higher pitch than S. boulengeri. The two important harmonics are 1.5 and 2.9 kHz and averages 40-50 beats per second.A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) (http://darnis.inbio.ac.cr/FMPro?-DB=UBIpub.fp3&-lay=WebAll&-Format=/ubi/detail.html&-Op=bw&id=4216&-Find).
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Distribution and Habitat

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Common treefrog throughout lowland rainforests of the Caribbean. Lowland Moist and Wet Forests. Found at elevations below 1,000m in the Caribbean lowlands between central Nicaragua and western Panama. A highly arboreal frog, individuals have been found in canopy up to 25m above ground. They are often found sitting on leaves, and can maintain a vertical head-down position after the leaf is bent.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Active year-round except for the driest months. Like other hylids, it is primarily nocturnal. Males can be heard calling from cavities such as tree holes. S. elaeochrous breed in temporary ponds during the wet season. After the first torrential rains hit the reproductive site, males suddenly increase calling. Hundreds to thousands call in unison continually for 1 to 2 days. During this time, the males will turn a brighter yellow and their vocal sacs become yellow orange. Throughout this period, males will compete for calling sites. While this scramble is going on, females will also join in and amplexus takes place in the water. Eggs are laid in the pond or adjacent areas of vegetation. They hatch in approximately 1.6 days. Larvae develop in ponds. Tadpoles live in the shallow waters of ponds and hide within the vegetation.
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Behavior ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Es nocturna y arborícola.

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INBio, Costa Rica
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Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Localidad del tipo: Cerca de Sipurio, Provincia de Limón, Costa Rica.
Depositario del tipo: Sintipos: USNM 30688-90 (3 especimenes); USNM 30689 designada lectotipo.
Recolector del tipo:
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La piel dorsal varía de lisa a granulada, nunca tuberculada. Con el dorso de color no uniforme de color verde-amarillento en ejemplares vivos (blanco-amarillento en ejemplares preservados). El vientre es generalmente inmaculado. El macho cuenta con un saco vocal único, externo y mediano. El ojo tiene la pupila horizontal bajo luz fuerte o en líquido preservante. Los huesos son verdes en ejemplares vivos. La longitud estándar de los adultos machos es de 30 a 35 mm. y la de las hembras es de 32 a 40 mm.

Las manos carecen de membranas interdigitales. La superficie posterior del muslo es de color uniforme, grisáceo o amarillento oscuro en ejemplares vivos. Los discos de la mano son aproximadamente 1.25 veces mayores que el tímpano. Carecen de un prepólex protuberante. El hocico es redondeado, visto en forma dorsal, y largo (la distancia desde el ojo a la narina es igual o mayor que el diámetro de la órbita ocular). . Las hendiduras vocales de los machos no están cubiertas por la lengua. Los dientes vomerianos se disponen en series lineares, nunca bordean el margen de las coanas.

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Reproduction ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Se reproducen en junio, julio y agosto en lagunas y charcos fuera del bosque. Asimismo, se han localizado crías en bromelias.

En el amplexo los machos aprietan a las hembras por las axilas y los huevos son depositados en una masa adherida o cercada por vegetación flotante, en charcos temporales de poca profundidad.

De junio a setiembre se encontraron individuos juveniles en metamorfosis.

En coros pequeños (cerca de 20 individuos) existe una organización en la estructura del coro. Un individuo aparentemente dominante inicia el coro al producir una nota, seguido por un segundo individuo que produce otra nota. Estos llamados son seguidos por un tercer individuo, y así empieza el coro con series regulares de notas cortas, características de los llamados de apareamiento.

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Associations ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Se ha observado que la araña nocturna (Cupiennius coccineus) se alimenta de individuos de esta especie.

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Trophic Strategy ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Se alimentan de artrópodos (larvas y adultos de coleópteros).

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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Distribucion en Costa Rica: En las tierras húmedas, bajas y medias, de la vertiente Atlántica y al centro y sur de la vertiente Pacífica, entre 1 y 1.200 m. de elevación (Savage 2002).
Distribucion General: Se encuentran en las tierras bajas del Caribe desde Nicaragua hasta el oeste de Panamá. También en las tierras bajas de la región del Golfo Dulce en Costa Rica y Panamá.

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Habitat ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Se han encontrado en bromelias en el bosque tropical muy húmedo.

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Scinax elaeochroa

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Scinax elaeochroa, commonly known as the Sipurio snouted treefrog, or olive snouted treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Panama and in the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica and Panama, with an isolated population in Colombia.[2][3]

Description

Males grow to 38 mm (1.5 in) and females to 40 mm (1.6 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is protruding. The dorsum is yellowish, sometimes with a hint of green or light brown, and turns brilliant yellow in breeding males. There are usually some darker markings on the dorsum. The arms and legs are usually barred. The venter varies from cream to yellow to orange; the throat is usually yellow.[4]

The vocal sac in breeding males is bright yellow-orange. The advertisement call is a series of short "waaks".[4]

Habitat and conservation

The natural habitats of Scinax elaeochroa are humid lowland and lower premontane forests, occurring also in secondary and disturbed forest habitats. It can be found from sea level to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above sea level (to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) asl in Colombia[3]). It is primarily a nocturnal species that breeds in temporary ponds during the wet season. Eggs are laid in ponds or on adjacent vegetation, and the tadpoles develop in the pond.[1]

Though a common and somewhat adaptable species, Scinax elaeochrous is potentially threatened by deforestation.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Scinax elaeochroa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T55952A54348386. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T55952A54348386.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Scinax elaeochrous (Cope, 1875)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  3. ^ a b Acosta Galvis, A. R.; D. Cuentas (2017). "Scinax elaeochrous (Cope, 1876)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Scinax elaeochrous". Amphibians of Panama. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
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Scinax elaeochroa: Brief Summary

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Scinax elaeochroa, commonly known as the Sipurio snouted treefrog, or olive snouted treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Panama and in the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica and Panama, with an isolated population in Colombia.

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Scinax elaeochrous ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Scinax elaeochrous es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hylidae. Habita en Colombia, Panamá, Costa Rica y Nicaragua, en las tierras bajas del Caribe desde Nicaragua hasta el oeste de Panamá y en las tierras bajas del Pacífico desde Costa Rica hasta el noroeste de Colombia.

Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques, montanos secos, marismas intermitentes de agua dulce y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas. Está amenazada por la destrucción de su hábitat natural.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Gerardo Chaves, Jay Savage, Gunther Köhler, Karl-Heinz Jungfer, Wilmar Bolívar & Federico Bolaños (2004). «Scinax elaeochrous». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 5 de junio de 2013.

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Scinax elaeochrous: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Scinax elaeochrous es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hylidae. Habita en Colombia, Panamá, Costa Rica y Nicaragua, en las tierras bajas del Caribe desde Nicaragua hasta el oeste de Panamá y en las tierras bajas del Pacífico desde Costa Rica hasta el noroeste de Colombia.

Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques, montanos secos, marismas intermitentes de agua dulce y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas. Está amenazada por la destrucción de su hábitat natural.​

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Scinax elaeochrous ( Basque )

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Scinax elaeochrous Scinax generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Scinax elaeochrous: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Scinax elaeochrous Scinax generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Scinax elaeochrous ( French )

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Scinax elaeochrous est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hylidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre du niveau de la mer à 1 200 m d'altitude dans les plaines humides et les forêts du piémont de l'Amérique centrale[1],[2] :

Publication originale

  • Cope, 1876 "1875" : On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica : With notes on the herpetology and ichthyology of Nicaragua and Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, sér. 2, vol. 8, p. 93–154 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Scinax elaeochrous: Brief Summary ( French )

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Scinax elaeochrous est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hylidae.

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