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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 29.2 years (captivity) Observations: One captive specimen was still alive at 29.2 years of age (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Benefits

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Natives to Sulawesi use mountain anoas for their hides, meat, and horns. Humans also benefit from the role mountain anoa play in keeping the forest understory under control. Mountain anoa are also important for ecotourism.

Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material; ecotourism

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Amy Schilz, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Behavior

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There is not enough information on this topic. However, a few generalizations can be made based on the sort of animal mountain anoas are.

Because the species is diurnal, these animals probably have well developed vision. It is likely that they communicate in some ways with visual signals. Tactile communication is probably important, especially between mates and between a mother and her young. Scent cues are not unknown among bovids, and so there may be information transferred about individual identity through smell. These animals probably also make some vocalizations, although they have not been reported.

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Conservation Status

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The current population of mountain anoa is somewhere between 3000 and 5000 animals. The population has been in decline since the early 1900's, due to habitat loss, hunting, and shooting by the military. This species does not adapt well to humans, and as the island of Sulawesi becomes more populated, the decline in mountain anoa populations is inevitable. They are listed on Appendix I of CITES and listed as Endangered by IUCN.

US Federal List: endangered

CITES: appendix i

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Benefits

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The military tends to shoot these animals. The purpose for this is not known, but one hypothesis is that mountain anoas are a threat when the military is in the forest. Lowland anoas, a similar species, have been known to cause injury and death to keepers, if the zookeepers get too close to the young. Mountain anoas might also be dangerous in the wild.

Negative Impacts: injures humans

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Associations

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Not a lot of information is known about ecosystem roles of mountain anoas, since they have not been studied in depth. Their close relative, the lowland anoa, feed on forest understory growth, affecting plant communities. It is likely that mountain anoas are similar in this respect.

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Trophic Strategy

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Bubalus quarlesi is herbivorous. These animals feed on plants that grow in undisturbed forests. Little information is available on what they eat, however, it is known that palms, ferns, ginger, grasses, and fruit grow in the areas in which they live.

Plant Foods: leaves; fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Distribution

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Mountain anoa are found on the island Sulawesi, which is a province of Indonesia. Sulawesi contains 1,533,698 ha land, and is found between 0º30"and 4º3" North Latitude and 121º127" East Longitude. The mountain anoa occupies the mountainous areas of the island, with a range in elevation from 500 to 1000 m. Mountain anoa are also thought to occupy the nearby island of Buton.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )

Other Geographic Terms: island endemic

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Habitat

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Mountain anoa are found in the undisturbed montane forest regions of Sulawesi. Since Sulawesi is based around the equator, it has both rainy and dry seasons. The rainy seasons last from November to March, and the dry seasons run from April to October. Sulawesi has both active and non-active volcanoes, which provides for very rich soil. This soil produces many agricultural crops: rice, corn, nutmeg, cocoanut, clove, vanilla, and vegetables.

Range elevation: 500 to 1000 m.

Average elevation: 500-1000 m.

Habitat Regions: terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: mountains

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Life Expectancy

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Little information is known about the lifespan of mountain anoa. The lowland anoa, however, lives to be 20 years in the wild, and 31 years in captivity.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
29.2 years.

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Morphology

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Mountain anoa look like deer, but are actually water buffalo. They weigh between 150 and 300 kg. Mountain anoas have a woolly coat that is a dark brown or black in color, but changes between February and April after they molt. After molting, the wooly underfur of the animal is shed, and light spots appear on the head, neck, and limbs. The head develops white spots on each side of the cheek, while the front side of the neck develops a crescent shaped light spot. Light spots also develop right above the hooves. The fur on the neck becomes shorter, while long hairs remain on the body.

Mountain anoas also have horns. These horns are flat in the front, but become triangular from the mid-section to the ends.

Range mass: 150 to 300 kg.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; ornamentation

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Associations

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The only animal known to prey upon mountain anoas is Homo sapiens, which hunts the speices for its hide, meat, and horns.

Known Predators:

  • humans (Homo sapiens)
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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Reproduction

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There is not enough information available on this topic. These animals appear to associate in male-female pairs, though, and so are probably monogamous.

Mating in mountain anoa occurs year round, with one offspring born to a female per year. Gestation is about 275 to 315 days. Although Bubalus quarlesi are usually solitary animals, they will form a herd when cows are about to give birth. Not a lot of information is known about this species, but a similar species, the lowland anoa (B. depressicornis), weans its offspring around 6 to 9 months. This species becomes sexually mature at two years.

Breeding interval: Mountain anoa breed one time per year.

Breeding season: These animals are not seasonal breeders.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 1.

Range gestation period: 9.17 to 10.5 months.

Range weaning age: 6 to 9 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

Mountain anoa form herds when a female is about to give birth. Most bovids are precocial, able to walk around after their mother shortly after birth, and the mountain anoa ia probably not an exception. As is the case for all mammals, the female provides her young with milk. She is also grooms and protects her young. Females in a similar species, lowland anoa, wean their offspring anywhere between 6 and 9 months.

The role of males in the parental care of this species has not been reported.

Parental Investment: no parental involvement; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)

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Schilz, A. 2004. "Bubalus quarlesi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bubalus_quarlesi.html
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Biology

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The elusive mountain anoa appears to be a solitary animal, although suggestions that monogamous pairs remain together have been made, and there is evidence that females form herds when giving birth (5). Breeding is continuous throughout the year, with one calf born from each pregnancy lasting 275 to 315 days. Mothers will groom and protect their calves, but it is unknown how much involvement the male has with the rearing of the calf. Weaning has been assumed to take place at six to nine months, a similar length of time as for the lowland anoa. The mountain anoa is sexually mature at two years. It is not thought to be territorial, and is known to be most active in the morning and the late afternoon when they feed on vegetation and bathe in water and mud pools, spending the remaining time resting and ruminating (4) (5).
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Conservation

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Ongoing status surveys and genetic research are intended for use in clarifying the taxonomic ranking of mountain and lowland anoas, which is necessary before captive breeding of these species can take place. Whilst the mountain anoa has been protected in Indonesia since 1931, protected areas are poorly managed and enforcement is clearly an issue, even within the military (1) (4).
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Description

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This even-toed ungulate is actually a member of the wild cattle subfamily, but due to its small size, it more closely resembles a deer. Unlike the larger, short-haired lowland anoa, the mountain anoa has a longer, woolly coat which can be dark brown to black in colour. It moults every year between February and April, losing this woolly layer of fur to reveal light spots on the head, neck and limbs (5). The relatively small horns are evident in both males and females, and are conical and smooth (4). The mountain anoa is stocky, short-limbed and thick-necked (4).
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Habitat

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Very little is known about the habitat preferences of the mountain anoa, since it is a shy and little-studied animal. It is known to live at altitudes of between 500 and 2000 metres (1) (4), but reports differ on preferred habitats. Some say that the mountain anoa inhabits areas of dense forest that are vegetationally diverse, whereas other report that it likes areas of relatively open forest with a high density of understory plants in the vicinity of open areas and water sources. However, reports agree that mountain anoa cannot coexist with humans, which is unusual amongst the wild cattle of southeast Asia (1) (6).
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Range

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The mountain anoa is endemic to Indonesia, being present only in the province of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton (1) (5).
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Status

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The mountain anoa is classified as Endangered (EN C1 + 2a) on the IUCN Red List 2003 (1) and is listed on Appendix I of CITES (2). It is also listed as Endangered on the US Endangered Species Act (4) and is fully protected under Indonesian law (1).
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Threats

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This species is thought to have been in decline since 1900, and is known to have been declining since 1980. The major pressure on population numbers is habitat loss due to increasing agricultural land, forestry operations and deforestation for human settlement (1). Despite being protected under Indonesian law, mountain anoas are known to be shot by the military, possibly because they are thought to be aggressive when startled, and capable of harming humans. Hunting anoas for the meat, fur and horns still takes place even in protected sites such as nature reserves (1)
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Anoa ar menezioù ( Breton )

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Anoa ar menezioù (Bubalus quarlesi) a zo ur bronneg daskirier hag a vev en Indonezia.

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Anoa de muntanya ( Catalan; Valencian )

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L'anoa de muntanya (Bubalus quarlesi) és una espècie de bòvid endèmic de Sulawesi i Buton (Indonèsia). Té un aspecte similar al dels cérvols i pesa entre 150 i 300 kg. Viu a les profunditats de la selva pluvial.

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Bjerganoa ( Danish )

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Bjerganoaen (Bubalus quarlesi) er en lille bøffelart inden for de skedehornede pattedyr. Bjerganoaen lever i Indonesien og er nært beslægtet med lavlandsanoaen, som den undertiden regnes som en underart af.

Udseende

Bjerganoaen bliver op til 150 cm lang og kan have skulderhøjde på 70 cm. Den uldagtige pels er mørkebrun eller sort. Begge køn har horn på 15-19 cm. Bjerganoaen adskiller sig udseendemæssigt fra lavlandsanoaen ved at mangle et hvidt mønster ved struben, mens den har tættere pels og kortere hale og horn.

Levesteder

Den lever endemisk på den indonesiske ø Sulawesi samt den mindre naboø Buton. Dens habitat er skove, primært regnskove, i op til 2.300 m højde, og den foretrækker område, der ikke forstyrres af mennesker, og hvor der er adgang til vand.

Levevis

Dyrene lever enkeltvis eller i par. De er mest aktive først på dagen, mens de hviler sidst på dagen, skjult i tæt bevoksning. Bjerganoaen er udelukkende planteæder og lever mest af græs, blade og mos.

Man kender ikke meget til deres forplantning. Drægtighedstiden er 275-315 dage, hvorpå hunnen normalt føder én kalv. Kalvene er i begyndelsen lysere end de voksne dyr.

Trusler

Bjerganoaen trues først og fremmest af jagt og forandringer af levestederne. Populationen er nu om stunder fordelt på flere mindre områder, hvoraf en del er fredede. Ifølge IUCN's Rødliste anslås der at leve omkring 2.500 individer, og arten er dermed beskrevet som moderat truet.[1]

Referencer

  1. ^ a b "Bubalus quarlesi". IUCN's Rødliste. 2008. Hentet 2015-11-25.

Eksterne henvisninger

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Bjerganoa: Brief Summary ( Danish )

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Bjerganoaen (Bubalus quarlesi) er en lille bøffelart inden for de skedehornede pattedyr. Bjerganoaen lever i Indonesien og er nært beslægtet med lavlandsanoaen, som den undertiden regnes som en underart af.

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Berg-Anoa ( German )

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Der letzte Berg-Anoa in einem europäischen Zoo: ein männliches Tier 2019 im Zoo Krefeld

Der Berg-Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) ist eine in Indonesien wild lebende Rinderart. Er ist eng mit dem Tiefland-Anoa verwandt und wird manchmal als dessen Unterart betrachtet.

Merkmale

Berg-Anoas erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von rund 150 Zentimetern und eine Schulterhöhe von 70 Zentimetern. Ihr wolliges Fell ist dunkelbraun oder schwarz gefärbt. Beide Geschlechter tragen rund 15 bis 19 Zentimeter lange, glatte Hörner. Von den Tiefand-Anoas unterscheiden sie sich durch das Fehlen der hellen Markierungen an der Kehle und an den Beinen, durch das dichtere Fell, den kürzeren Schwanz und die kürzeren Hörner.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Berg-Anoas sind auf der indonesischen Insel Sulawesi und der kleinen Nachbarinsel Buton endemisch. Ihr Lebensraum sind Wälder, wobei sie vorwiegend in Regenwäldern bis 2300 Metern Seehöhe vorkommen. Sie bevorzugen dabei vom Menschen ungestörte Gebiete in der Nähe von Gewässern.

Lebensweise

Berg-Anoas dürften vorwiegend einzelgängerisch oder in Paaren leben. Sie begeben sich am Morgen oder am Vormittag auf Nahrungssuche und ruhen nachmittags unter dichter Vegetation. Sie sind reine Pflanzenfresser, die sich von Blättern, Gräsern und Moosen ernähren.

Auch über die Fortpflanzung ist wenig bekannt. Nach einer rund 275- bis 315-tägigen Tragzeit bringt die Kuh meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt, das zunächst deutlich heller als die Erwachsenen gefärbt ist.

Bedrohung

Die Bejagung und der Verlust des Lebensraums stellen die Hauptgründe für die Bedrohung der Berg-Anoas dar. Die Population ist heute auf einige kleine Gebiete zersplittert, die zum Teil geschützt sind. Die IUCN schätzt den Gesamtbestand auf weniger als 2500 Tiere und listet die Art als stark gefährdet („endangered“).

Da es bereits seit langem keine Sichtungen mehr gab, ist es möglich, dass der Berg-Anoa in der Wildnis bereits ausgestorben ist. In diesem Fall wäre der Berg-Anoa im Krefelder Zoo das letzte Exemplar seiner Art.[1]

Literatur

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Sven Schalljo: Beinahe ausgestorben: Im Krefelder Zoo lebt das letzte kleine Bergwildrind. 4. Februar 2019, abgerufen am 1. April 2021.
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Berg-Anoa: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Der letzte Berg-Anoa in einem europäischen Zoo: ein männliches Tier 2019 im Zoo Krefeld

Der Berg-Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) ist eine in Indonesien wild lebende Rinderart. Er ist eng mit dem Tiefland-Anoa verwandt und wird manchmal als dessen Unterart betrachtet.

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Mountain anoa

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The mountain anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) also known as Quarle's anoa,[1] is a species of buffalo endemic to Sulawesi. Its closest relative is the lowland anoa, and it is still a debate as to whether the two are the same species or not.[3] It is also related to the water buffalo, and both are classified in the genus Bubalus.

Taxonomy

Skulls of anoa cannot be accurately identified as to species, and there is likely hybridizing and interbreeding between the mountain anoa and lowland anoa in the zoo population. It is questioned as to whether the two species were actually different due to them occurring together in many different areas, as well as some interbreeding. A study of the mtDNA of ten specimens from different localities found a high mitochondrial genetic diversity between individuals identified as one or the other species, indicating support for recognition as two species.[4]

The extinct Bubalus grovesi of southern Sulawesi appears to be a close relative of both anoa species.[5]

Description

Standing at only 70 cm (28 in) at the shoulder, the mountain anoa is the smallest of all living wild cattle, even slightly smaller than the lowland anoa. Both species typically weigh between 150–300 kg (330–660 lb). Compared to lowland anoa, mountain anoa have longer, woolier hair that moults every year, showing faint spots on the head, neck and limbs.[6] According to the Groves (1969) the mountain anoa can be told apart from the other species by being smaller, having a round horn cross-section, thick and woolly hair, and sometimes having white marking on the face and legs. They are similar in appearance to miniature water buffalo.

Both anoa species are found on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton in Indonesia, and live in undisturbed rainforest areas.[3] They apparently live singly or in pairs, rather than in herds like most cattle, except when the cows are about to give birth. Little is known about their life history as well. However, in captive individuals they have a life expectancy of 20–30 years. Anoa take two to three years before they reach sexual maturity and have one calf a year and have very rarely been seen to have more.

Mountain anoa

Conservation

Both species of anoa have been classified as endangered since the 1960s and the populations continue to decrease. Fewer than 5,000 animals of each species likely remain. Reasons for their decline include hunting for hides, horns and meat by the local peoples and loss of habitat due to the advancement of settlement. Currently, hunting is the more serious factor in most areas.

The leading cause of their population decline is hunting by local villagers for meat, with habitat loss also being significant. One benefit of the lack of knowledge about the legal status of what they are doing is that villagers are open to communication with researchers on their harvests and hunting practices; where awareness of conservation issues has penetrated, villagers will lie about their activities.[3]

Logging is a large issue due to the fact that both species prefer core forested habitat that is far away from humans and the influences that come with them. By logging, humans create much more fragmented habitat and, therefore, a decrease in the area where the anoa can breed and live. This habitat fragmentation also alters the natural mixing of populations of the anoa. This may lead to a loss in genetic diversity between the two species and, over time, could also lead to their decline.

References

  1. ^ a b Burton, J.; Wheeler, P.; Mustari, A. (2016). "Bubalus quarlesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3128A46364433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3128A46364433.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ a b c Burton, James; Hedges, Simon; Mustari, Abdul Haris (January 2005). "The taxonomic status, distribution and conservation of the lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis and mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi". Mammal Review. 35 (1): 25–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00048.x. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  4. ^ Priyono, Dwi; Solihin, Dedy; Farajallah, Achmad; Arini, Diah (2018-11-01). "Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode". Biodiversitas. 19 (6): 1985–1992. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d190602.
  5. ^ van der Geer, Alexandra; Lyras, George; de Vos, John (April 27, 2021). Evolution of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands. Wiley. p. 307. ISBN 9781119675747.
  6. ^ "Mountain anoa videos, photos and facts – Bubalus quarlesi – ARKive". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
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Mountain anoa: Brief Summary

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The mountain anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) also known as Quarle's anoa, is a species of buffalo endemic to Sulawesi. Its closest relative is the lowland anoa, and it is still a debate as to whether the two are the same species or not. It is also related to the water buffalo, and both are classified in the genus Bubalus.

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Bubalus quarlesi ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La anoa de montaña (Bubalus quarlesi) es una especie de pequeño bóvido salvaje endémico de Célebes y Buton.[2]​ Se encuentra en peligro de extinción.

Véase también

Referencias

  1. Semiadi, G., Burton, J., Schreiber, A. & Mustari, A.H. (2008). «Bubalus quarlesi». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2014.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 18 de octubre de 2014.
  2. Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). «Bubalus quarlesi». Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

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Bubalus quarlesi: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La anoa de montaña (Bubalus quarlesi) es una especie de pequeño bóvido salvaje endémico de Célebes y Buton.​ Se encuentra en peligro de extinción.

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Bubalus quarlesi ( Basque )

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Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Bovinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Ouwens (1910) 38 Bull. Dept. Agric. Indes Neerl. 7. or..
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Bubalus quarlesi: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Bovinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago

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Bubalus quarlesi ( French )

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Anoa de montagne

L'Anoa de montagne, ou Anoa de Quarle, (Bubalus quarlesi) est une espèce de bovidés vivant dans les montagnes de Sulawesi, en Indonésie.

Notes et références

Annexes

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Bubalus quarlesi: Brief Summary ( French )

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Anoa de montagne

L'Anoa de montagne, ou Anoa de Quarle, (Bubalus quarlesi) est une espèce de bovidés vivant dans les montagnes de Sulawesi, en Indonésie.

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Anoa pegunungan ( Indonesian )

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Anoa pegunungan adalah salah satu dari dua jenis spesies anoa yang ada di Indonesia, dikenal juga dengan nama Mountain Anoa, Anoa de Montagne, Anoa de Quarle, Berganoa, Anoa de Montaña .

Ciri-Ciri

Panjang dari kepala sampai kaki 122-153 cm, tinggi bahu tidak lebih dari 75 cm, panjang ekor bisa mencapai 27 cm, sedangkan berat ukuran dewasa kurang dari 150 kg. Anoa pegunungan memiliki bulu yang sangat tebal dan berwarna cokelat gelap atau hitam. Anoa jantan warnanya lebih gelap daripada anoa betina. Ekor relatif pendek.Baik jantan maupun betina memiliki tanduk yang relatif pendek, lurus, dan sudutnya mengarah kebelakang. Tanduk bisa bertumbuh hingga mencapai 15-20 cm.

Reproduksi

Masa kehamilan dari 276 hari sampai 315 hari, bayi yang dilahirkan hanya satu ekor, kemampuan bereproduksi terjadi pada umur 2 tahun hingga 3 tahun. Anoa bisa bertahan hidup sekitar 20 tahun hingga 25 tahun. Saat dilahirkan, bayi anoa bulunya berwarna cokelat keemasan atau kekuningan dan sangat tebal. Warnanya perlahan akan berubah menjadi lebih gelap seiring dengan perkembangannya.

Ekologi dan Habitat

Anoa pegunungan terdapat di pulau Sulawesi dan Pulau Buton di Indonesia . Anoa Pegunungan termasuk dalam kategori hewan hutan hujan, dan memilih daerah yang terdapat banyak vegetasi, sumber air yang permanen dan jauh dari jangkauan manusia.Anoa pegunungan biasanya mandi di kubangan lumpur, seperti halnya kerbau liar. Hal ini mungkin dikarenakan ia membutuhkan mineral yang terkandung didalamnya. Anoa Pegunungan sangat aktif di pagi hari, ia kembali ketempat berlindungnya saat tengah hari. Mereka berlindung dibawah pohon besar yang tumbang, dibawah batu-batu besar dan di antara akar pohon. Tanduknya digunakan untuk menyingkirkan ranting atau untuk menggali tanah, dan juga digunakan saat terjadi pertarungan fisik dengan anoa yang lain untuk memperlihatkan dominansi. Saat merasa bersemangat, Anoa Pegungungan akan mengeluarkan suara “moo” yang singkat. Anoa pegunungan hidup secara soliter atau secara berpasangan.

Makanan

Anoa merupakan hewan herbivora. Makanannya terdiri dari rumput atau dedaunan, selain itu ia juga makan jahe, buah-buahan yang tumbuh di habitat mereka, sawit dan juga pakis.

Predator

Anoa tidak memiliki predator utama, walaupun saat ini yang menjadi ancaman utamanya adalah manusia.

Ancaman

Anoa pegunungan biasanya diburu untuk diambil kulit, daging dan tanduknya. Selain itu pembukaan hutan untuk dijadikan lahan pertanian dan pertambangan emas juga semakin mengancam habitat Anoa Pegungungan, karena ia kehilangan habitatnya dan sumber makanannya, serta ia tidak dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan keberadaan manusia.

Status Konservasi

Anoa Pegunungan berada pada posisi Appendices I dari daftar CITES dan berada pada daftar Endangered pada data IUCN.

Populasi

Sedikit data yang bisa didapatkan mengenai jumlah populasi pasti dari Anoa Pegunungan. Saat ini diperkirakan jumlah populasi dari seluruh Anoa Pegunungan sekitar 3000 hingga 5000 ekor.[1] Populasinya menurun dari tahun 1900, hal ini diakibatkan oleh berkurangnya habitat, perburuan dan penembakan yang dilakukan oleh militer. Diperkirakan kurang dari 2.500 ekor individu dewasa. Populasi dari anoa sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan, karena subpopulasinya yang berada pada area hutan lindung seperti Taman Nasional Lore Lindu juga mengalami penurunan jumlah populasi yang diakibatkan oleh tingginya perburuan. Ada tiga area dimana jumlah populasi anoa menurun drastis, yaitu di Gorontalo, Buol, dan kabupaten Tolitoli

Anoa pegunungan

Referensi

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Anoa pegunungan: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Anoa pegunungan adalah salah satu dari dua jenis spesies anoa yang ada di Indonesia, dikenal juga dengan nama Mountain Anoa, Anoa de Montagne, Anoa de Quarle, Berganoa, Anoa de Montaña .

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Bubalus quarlesi ( Italian )

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L'anoa di montagna (Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens, 1910) è un bovide endemico delle montagne di Sulawesi.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Bovide di medie dimensioni con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 122 e 153 cm, l'altezza al garrese fino a 75 cm, la lunghezza della coda fino a 27 cm e un peso fino a 150 kg.[3]

Aspetto

Il corpo è rotondeggiante con le zampe corte ed esili. La pelliccia è densa e lanosa, tuttavia in individui maturi può diradarsi, ma mai raggiungere le condizioni come nell'anoa di pianura. Il colore varia dal marrone scuro al nero, i maschi sono generalmente più scuri. Le zampe sono nere-brunastre per tutta la loro lunghezza. Piccole macchie sono frequentemente presenti sopra e davanti agli zoccoli, ma sono spesso difficili da osservare. La regione inguinale è più chiara del resto del corpo. La coda è relativamente corta, circa il 14,6-17,8% della lunghezza totale. Le orecchie sono piccole e strette. Entrambi i sessi hanno un paio di corna diritte, lisce e coniche, con la sezione rotonda, lunghe tra 14,6 e 19,9 cm.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si sposta singolarmente o in coppie, più raramente in gruppi fino a 5 individui. La maggior parte delle volte si incontrano madri con i propri figli, oppure un maschio e una femmina adulti. È attivo principalmente al mattino, per poi trovare rifugio sotto grossi alberi durante il pomeriggio. Si fa il bagno in pozze d'acqua e di fango.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di erba ed altri vegetali, incluse piante legnose, felci, piante a foglia larga, carici, monocotiledoni e muschio. Può bere acqua marina per soddisfare i bisogni di minerali in assenza di sorgenti d'acqua o affioramenti di sali minerali.

Riproduzione

Sono stati riportati parti a distanza di 13 mesi uno dall'altro. I vitelli sono alla nascita più chiari, color bruno dorato, per poi divenire più rossastri. Raggiungono la maturità sessuale tra 2 e 3 anni. L'aspettativa di vita è di 20-25 anni.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è conosciuta soltanto sull'isola di Sulawesi e sulla vicina isola di Buton.

Vive nelle dense foreste pluviali primarie tra 1.000 e 2.300 metri di altitudine, sebbene sia stata osservata anche in prossimità del livello medio del mare. Si trova in prossimità di abbondanti risorse d'acqua e bassa attività umana.

Tassonomia

Ancora non è chiaro se questa forma è una specie distinta dall'anoa di pianura, poiché sono presenti forme intermedie e probabili ibridizzazioni, con una enorme variabilità nell'anatomia e nella genetica tra gli individui finora osservati.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato che la popolazione è probabilmente rappresentata da meno di 2.500 esemplari adulti, che il declino sia superiore al 20% nelle ultime due generazioni e che le sotto-popolazioni siano formate da gruppi di meno di 250 individui maturi, classifica B.quarlesi come specie in pericolo (EN).[1]
La CITES ha inserito questa specie nell'appendice I[4].

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Semiadi, G., Burton, J., Schreiber, A. & Mustari, A.H. 2008, Bubalus quarlesi, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Bubalus quarlesi, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Burton, Hedges & Mustari, 2005.
  4. ^ CITES, Appendici I,II e III

Bibliografia

  • C.P.Groves, Systematics of the anoa (Mammalia, Bovidae), in Beaufortia, vol. 17, 1969, pp. 1-12.
  • Ronald M. Novak, Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. ISBN 9780801857898
  • J.A.Burton, S.Hedges & A.H.Mustari, The taxonomic status, distribution and conservation of the lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis and mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi, in Mammal Review, vol. 35, n. 1, 2005, pp. 25-50.

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Bubalus quarlesi: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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L'anoa di montagna (Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens, 1910) è un bovide endemico delle montagne di Sulawesi.

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Berganoa ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De berganoa (Bubalus quarlesi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de holhoornigen (Bovidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Ouwens in 1910.

Kenmerken

De berganoa heeft een wollige, zwarte vacht, ook op latere leeftijd. Het dier witte vlekken op zijn keel en onderbenen. De 15 tot 20 cm lange hoorns zijn glad en kort en wijzen naar achteren in één lijn met het voorhoofd. Mannetjes zijn meestal groter en donkerder dan vrouwtjes en hebben grotere hoorns. De lichaamslengte bedraagt 150 cm, de schofthoogte 66 cm, de staartlengte 24 cm en het gewicht 150 tot 300 kg.

Leefwijze

Berganoa’s leven solitair of in paren en voeden zich met allerlei soorten bladeren en mossen, die in hun habitat overvloedig groeien. Gras is niet hun favoriete voedsel.

Voortplanting

De draagtijd duurt 9 tot 10 maanden, waarna één jong wordt geworpen.

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor in afgelegen, ontoegankelijke bossen in Zuidoost-Azië (Indonesië), met name Celebes en Buton.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • De grote dierenencyclopedie, (1993) Zuidnederlandse Uitgeverij N.V., Aartselaar, België. ISBN 90-243-5204-5.
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Berganoa: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De berganoa (Bubalus quarlesi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de holhoornigen (Bovidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Ouwens in 1910.

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Anoa górski ( Polish )

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Anoa górski[1] (Bubalus quarlesi) – najmniejszy gatunek bawoła z rodziny ssaków krętorogich, z rodzaju Bubalus. Żyją w Azji południowo-wschodniej, w górskich, wilgotnych lasach Celebes i na sąsiednich wyspach. Pierwsze zapisy o ich istnieniu pochodzą z 1827 roku. Anoa dorastają do metra wysokości i osiągają wagę 150-300 kg. Mają sierść ciemnobrązową lub czarną, rogi krótkie, skierowane do tyłu. W miocie rodzi się 1-2 młodych. W środowisku naturalnym zwierzętom tym grozi wyginięcie.

Przypisy

  1. a b c d e Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 180. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  2. Bubalus quarlesi. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).


Bibliografia

  1. Harold G Cogger, David Kirshner, Ewa Świątkowska, Paweł Świątkowski, George Archibald: Zwierzęta : ssaki, ptaki, gady, płazy : encyklopedia. Warszawa: Elipsa, 1999, s. 206-207. ISBN 83-85152-34-2.
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Anoa górski: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Anoa górski (Bubalus quarlesi) – najmniejszy gatunek bawoła z rodziny ssaków krętorogich, z rodzaju Bubalus. Żyją w Azji południowo-wschodniej, w górskich, wilgotnych lasach Celebes i na sąsiednich wyspach. Pierwsze zapisy o ich istnieniu pochodzą z 1827 roku. Anoa dorastają do metra wysokości i osiągają wagę 150-300 kg. Mają sierść ciemnobrązową lub czarną, rogi krótkie, skierowane do tyłu. W miocie rodzi się 1-2 młodych. W środowisku naturalnym zwierzętom tym grozi wyginięcie.

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Bubalus quarlesi ( Portuguese )

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Anoa da Montanha ou Bufalo-anão-da-montanha (Bubalus quarlesi) é uma espécie de pequeno bovídeo selvagem endêmico de Sulawesi, nas Filipinas; está em perigo de extinção.

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Dvärganoa ( Swedish )

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Dvärganoa eller bergsanoa[2] (Bubalus quarlesi) är ett oxdjur som förekommer i Indonesien. Den är nära släkt med arten låglandsanoa och räknas ibland som underart till denna.

Kännetecken

Dvärganoa når en kroppslängd upp till 150 centimeter och en mankhöjd omkring 70 centimeter. Den ulliga pälsen har en mörkbrun till svart färg. Hos bägge kön finns horn som blir 15 till 19 centimeter långa. Arten skiljer sig från låglandsanoan genom avsaknaden av vita mönster vid strupen, en tätare päls och kortare svans samt horn.

Utbredning och habitat

Arten är endemisk på den indonesiska ön Sulawesi samt på den mindre ön Buton som ligger i närheten. Habitatet utgörs av skogar, främst av regnskogar upp till 2 300 meter över havet. De föredrar områden som inte störs av människor ofta i närheten av vattendrag.

Levnadssätt

Enligt aktuell bedömning lever individerna ensamma eller i par. De är främst aktiva tidigt på dagen och vilar på eftermiddagen gömda bland tät vegetation. Födan utgörs uteslutande av växter som blad, gräs och mossa.

Det är inte mycket känt om fortplantningssättet. Efter dräktigheten som varar i 275 till 315 dagar föder honan oftast ett enda ungdjur. Ungarna är i början ljusare än vuxna djur.

Hot

Dvärganoa hotas främst genom jakt och förstöringen av levnadsområdet. Populationen är idag fördelat på flera mindre områden som delvis är skyddade. IUCN uppskattar beståndet med 2 500 individer och listar arten som starkt hotad (endangered).

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 24 februari 2009.
  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
  1. ^ Bubalus quarlesiIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Semiadi, G., Burton, J., Schreiber, A. & Mustari, A.H. 2008, besökt 8 april 2009.
  2. ^ Kommissionens förordning (EU) 2017/160 om skyddet av vilda djur (PDF), Europeiska unionen, sid.8, läst 2018-09-28.

Externa länkar

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Dvärganoa: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Dvärganoa eller bergsanoa (Bubalus quarlesi) är ett oxdjur som förekommer i Indonesien. Den är nära släkt med arten låglandsanoa och räknas ibland som underart till denna.

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Bubalus quarlesi ( Ukrainian )

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Поширення

Ендемік Індонезії. Вид поширений лише на острові Сулавесі та невеличкому сусідньому острові Бутон. Мешкає у гірських тропічних лісах на висоті 1000—2300 м над рівнем моря. Вважається, що загальна популяція виду становить 2500 особин.[1]

Опис

Найдрібніший із сучасних диких биків: висота в холці 60-100 см, вага 150—300 кг. Невелика голова і стрункі ноги роблять вид трохи схожим на антилопу. Рогу короткі, завдовжки до 15 см, круглі. Забарвлення темно-бура або чорнувата, з білими мітками на морді, горлі і ногах. Телята з густим золотисто-бурим хутром.

Спосіб життя

Тримаються поодинці або парами, рідко утворюючи невеликі групи. Пасуться зазвичай рано вранці, а спекотну пору доби проводять у воді, де охоче приймають грязьові ванни і купаються. Період розмноження не пов'язаний з певним сезоном року. Вагітність триває 275—315 днів.

Примітки

  1. а б Semiadi, G. (2008) Bubalus quarlesi: інформація на сайті МСОП (англ.) 2015-07-19


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Trâu núi ( Vietnamese )

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Trâu núi[2] (danh pháp hai phần: Bubalus quarlesi) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Ouwens miêu tả năm 1910.[1] Nó là loài hoang dã đặc hữu của Celebes. Nó bị đe dọa tuyệt chủng.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Bubalus quarlesi”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ “Thông tư Ban hành Danh mục các loài động vật, thực vật hoang dã thuộc quản lý của Công ước về buôn bán quốc tế các loài động vật, thực vật hoang dã nguy cấp”. Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn Việt Nam. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 1 năm 2013.

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Trâu núi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Trâu núi (danh pháp hai phần: Bubalus quarlesi) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Ouwens miêu tả năm 1910. Nó là loài hoang dã đặc hữu của Celebes. Nó bị đe dọa tuyệt chủng.

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Горный аноа ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Подотряд: Жвачные
Семейство: Полорогие
Подсемейство: Бычьи
Триба: Быки
Подтриба: Bubalina
Вид: Горный аноа
Международное научное название

Bubalus quarlesi
(Ouwens, 1910)

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ITIS 625124NCBI 56640EOL 328730FW 149714

Горный аноа[1][2] (лат. Bubalus quarlesi) — парнокопытное млекопитающее из семейства полорогих. Один из четырёх видов азиатских буйволов. Эндемик островов Сулавеси и близлежащего небольшого острова Бутон (Зондские острова, Юго-Восточная Азия). Ранее считался подвидом обыкновенного аноа (Bubalus depressicornis), распространённого на тех же островах, и вопрос о его видовой самостоятельности до сих пор остаётся спорным среди учёных.

Описание

Самый мелкий среди диких быков: длина тела от 122 до 153 см, высота в холке до 71 см, длина хвоста 20—27 см, длина рогов 15—20 см, масса 26—150 кг. Окраска тёмно-бурая или чёрная, снизу несколько светлее, самцы обычно темнее самок. На ногах над копытами имеется по два неясных светлых пятна, голова и шея обычно без пятен. Уши небольшие и относительно узкие. Рога сравнительно короткие, прямые, круглые в обхвате, направленные назад, у обоих полов одинаковые. Телята рождаются с очень густой шерстью, обычно золотисто-коричневого цвета, по мере роста постепенно темнеют. От обыкновенного аноа горный отличается плотным пушистым мехом, отсутствием или очень неясными белыми пятнами, и круглыми, а не трёхгранными, в поперечнике рогами.

Ареал и места обитания

Горные аноа распространены только на острове Сулавеси и близлежащем небольшом острове Бутон, где обитают в горных тропических лесах и других малонаселённых районах с густой растительностью и постоянными водоёмами, на высоте до 2300 м.

Образ жизни

Преимущественно одиночные животные, иногда встречаются парами — самец с самкой или самка с детёнышем, но никогда не образуют более крупных групп. Наиболее активны в утреннее время, в полуденные часы скрываются в гуще леса. Могут укрываться под большими поваленными деревьями, под нависающими скалами и в нишах под корнями деревьев. Любят купаться в водоёмах и валяться в грязи.

Питаются листьями и травой. Естественных хищников не имеют.

Размножение

Спаривание происходит круглый год. Самцы проверяют готовность самок к размножению с помощью флемена и пробуя мочу. Беременность длится 276—315 дней. Несмотря на то, что горные аноа, как правило, являются одиночными животными, они собираются в стада, когда самки собираются рожать. В помёте только один детёныш. Выкармливание молоком продолжается от 6 до 9 месяцев. Половая зрелость наступает в возрасте 2—3 лет. Продолжительность жизни до 25 лет.

Охрана

По приблизительным оценкам сейчас в природе осталось не более 2500 половозрелых особей. Численность популяции сокращается. Как вымирающий вид горный аноа занесён в Красный список МСОП. Занесён в Приложение I СИТЕС[3], охраняется индонезийским законодательством. Встречается в нескольких национальных парках острова Сулавеси.

Примечания

  1. Соколов В. Е. Фауна мира: Млекопитающие: Справочник. — М.: Агропромиздат, 1990. — С. 161. — 254 с. — ISBN 5-10-001036-3
  2. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 129. — 10 000 экз.
  3. Appendices CITES
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Горный аноа: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Горный аноа (лат. Bubalus quarlesi) — парнокопытное млекопитающее из семейства полорогих. Один из четырёх видов азиатских буйволов. Эндемик островов Сулавеси и близлежащего небольшого острова Бутон (Зондские острова, Юго-Восточная Азия). Ранее считался подвидом обыкновенного аноа (Bubalus depressicornis), распространённого на тех же островах, и вопрос о его видовой самостоятельности до сих пор остаётся спорным среди учёных.

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倭水牛 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Bubalus quarlesi
(Ouwens, 1910) Bubalus depressicornis
(H. Smith, 1827) Bubalus mindorensis

倭水牛牛亞科水牛屬中体型最小的成员,有3种,都分布于东南亚的一些岛屿上。两种分布于印尼原生雨林低地倭水牛高90厘米,重量一般不超过150公斤。

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倭水牛: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

倭水牛是牛亞科水牛屬中体型最小的成员,有3种,都分布于东南亚的一些岛屿上。两种分布于印尼原生雨林低地倭水牛高90厘米,重量一般不超过150公斤。

 title= 取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=倭水牛&oldid=49788264分类IUCN瀕危物種水牛属隐藏分类:TaxoboxLatinName本地相关图片与维基数据不同
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ヤマアノア ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
ヤマアノア ヤマアノア
ヤマアノア Bubalus quarlesi
保全状況評価 ENDANGERED
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 EN.svg ワシントン条約附属書I 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia 亜綱 : 獣亜綱 Theria : ウシ目 Artiodactyla 亜目 : ウシ亜目 Ruminantia : ウシ科 Bovidae 亜科 : ウシ亜科 Bovinae : アジアスイギュウ属 Bubalus : ヤマアノア B. quarlesi 学名 Bubalus quarlesi
(Ouwens, 1910) 和名 ヤマアノア 英名 Mountain anoa

ヤマアノアBubalus quarlesi)は、ウシ科アジアスイギュウ属Anoa属とする説もあり)に分類される偶蹄類

分布[編集]

インドネシアスラウェシ島ブトン島固有種

形態[編集]

体長150-180cm。尾長17-25cm。肩高60-70cm。頸部や胴体は太い。尾は短く、先端が踵に達しない。全身は淡褐色の体毛で覆われる。顔や喉、蹄の上部が白い個体もいる。

頭部にはアルファベットの「V」字状に見える、直線的に外側へ向かう角が生える。角の長さは15-20cm。左右の角は基部が接し基部の断面は円形で、角の表面は滑らか。耳介の内側は暗褐色。

分類[編集]

本種をアノアの亜種とする説もある。

生態[編集]

山地森林に生息する。

食性は植物食で、木の葉や草、果実を食べる。

繁殖形態は胎生。1回に1頭の幼獣を産む。

人間との関係[編集]

開発による生息地の破壊や、食用や角目的の乱獲等により生息数は激減している。詳細な観察例が非常に少なく、個体数はおろか正確な分布域も不明とされる。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにヤマアノアに関する情報があります。

参考文献[編集]

  • 小原秀雄・浦本昌紀・太田英利・松井正文編著 『レッド・データ・アニマルズ5 東南アジアの島々』、講談社2000年、40、137-138頁。

外部リンク[編集]


執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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ヤマアノア: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

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ヤマアノア(Bubalus quarlesi)は、ウシ科アジアスイギュウ属(Anoa属とする説もあり)に分類される偶蹄類

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산아노아 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

산아노아(Bubalus quarlesi)는 소과 물소속에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다. 인도네시아(술라웨시섬, 부톤섬)의 고유종이다. 몸길이는 150-180cm, 꼬리 길이는 17-25cm, 어깨까지 높이는 60-70cm 정도이다.

각주

  1. “Bubalus quarlesi”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2015.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2015년 7월 19일에 확인함.
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산아노아: Brief Summary ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

산아노아(Bubalus quarlesi)는 소과 물소속에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다. 인도네시아(술라웨시섬, 부톤섬)의 고유종이다. 몸길이는 150-180cm, 꼬리 길이는 17-25cm, 어깨까지 높이는 60-70cm 정도이다.

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