El duiquer bai (Cephalophus dorsalis) és un duiquer que viu als boscos de Gabon, el sud del Camerun i el nord del Congo, així com Sierra Leone, Libèria i les parts meridionals de Costa d'Ivori, Ghana i Benín. Alguns creuen que es tracta d'una subespècie del duiquer d'Ogilby.
El duiquer bai (Cephalophus dorsalis) és un duiquer que viu als boscos de Gabon, el sud del Camerun i el nord del Congo, així com Sierra Leone, Libèria i les parts meridionals de Costa d'Ivori, Ghana i Benín. Alguns creuen que es tracta d'una subespècie del duiquer d'Ogilby.
Chocholatka černohřbetá (Cephalophus dorsalis) je druh antilopy. Obývá lesy západní a jižní Afriky. Byla objevena britským zoologem Johnem Edwardem Grayem roku 1846. Obě pohlaví dorůstají 44–50 centimetrů v kohoutku, váží kolem 20 kilogramů a parohy dosahují délky 5 až 8 centimetrů.
Chocholatka je převážně noční zvíře. Jeho největším predátorem je leopard. Chocholatka se živí většinou ovocem ale mezi její potravu patří také zvířecí produkty jako například ptačí vejce. Samice dosahují dospělosti po 18 měsících. Chocholatka se průměrně dožívá 17–18 let.
Chocholatka je velice podobná antilopám. Typická délka je kolem 76-105 centimetrů a výška v kohoutku kolem 50 centimetrů. Jejich váha dosahuje 20 kilogramů. Chocholatky černohřbeté nemají pohlavní dimorfismus.
Obě pohlaví mají červeno-hnědou barvu. Na hřbetu mají černý pruh, který vede od hlavy až na ocas. Nohy má černé a v horní části přechází opět v červeno-hnědou barvu. Kvůli tomu, že chocholatka je noční zvíře, má velké černé oči.
Chocholatky preferují ovoce jako třeba mango. Také se živí palmu olejnou, kakaovníkem aj. Existují také zmínky o tom, že chocholatky se živí drobnými ptáky, termity, mravenci nebo mršinou.
K roku 1999 bylo napočítáno kolem 725,000 kusů a od té doby jejich populace stále klesá, kvůli domorodým kmenům a predátorům, kteří je loví. Mezi hlavní predátory chocholatky patří leopardi.[2]
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Bay duiker na anglické Wikipedii.
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu chocholatka černohřbetá ve Wikimedia Commons
Chocholatka černohřbetá (Cephalophus dorsalis) je druh antilopy. Obývá lesy západní a jižní Afriky. Byla objevena britským zoologem Johnem Edwardem Grayem roku 1846. Obě pohlaví dorůstají 44–50 centimetrů v kohoutku, váží kolem 20 kilogramů a parohy dosahují délky 5 až 8 centimetrů.
Chocholatka je převážně noční zvíře. Jeho největším predátorem je leopard. Chocholatka se živí většinou ovocem ale mezi její potravu patří také zvířecí produkty jako například ptačí vejce. Samice dosahují dospělosti po 18 měsících. Chocholatka se průměrně dožívá 17–18 let.
Der Schwarzrückenducker (Cephalophus dorsalis) gehört zur Tribus der Ducker (Cephalophini) und lebt in West- und Zentralafrika. Er kommt unter anderem in den Naturschutzgebieten Salonga, Virunga und Maiko vor. Es werden insgesamt sieben Unterarten beschrieben. Die Art ist bislang weitgehend unerforscht.
Der Schwarzrückenducker hat eine Schulterhöhe von 56 Zentimeter und ein Körpergewicht von 20 Kilogramm. Diese kräftige, rötliche Antilope hat dunkelbraune bis schwarze Beine. Ein schwarzer Streifen zieht sich über den Rücken und den Bauch.
Wälder und Dickicht sind sein Lebensraum. Die Ernährung besteht neben Beeren auch aus Vögeln und anderen Tieren. Er erreicht ein Lebensalter von bis zu 12 Jahren.[1]
Der Schwarzrückenducker (Cephalophus dorsalis) gehört zur Tribus der Ducker (Cephalophini) und lebt in West- und Zentralafrika. Er kommt unter anderem in den Naturschutzgebieten Salonga, Virunga und Maiko vor. Es werden insgesamt sieben Unterarten beschrieben. Die Art ist bislang weitgehend unerforscht.
Der Schwarzrückenducker hat eine Schulterhöhe von 56 Zentimeter und ein Körpergewicht von 20 Kilogramm. Diese kräftige, rötliche Antilope hat dunkelbraune bis schwarze Beine. Ein schwarzer Streifen zieht sich über den Rücken und den Bauch.
Wälder und Dickicht sind sein Lebensraum. Die Ernährung besteht neben Beeren auch aus Vögeln und anderen Tieren. Er erreicht ein Lebensalter von bis zu 12 Jahren.
The bay duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis), also known as the black-striped duiker and the black-backed duiker, is a forest-dwelling duiker native to western and southern Africa. It was first described by British zoologist John Edward Gray in 1846. Two subspecies are identified. The bay duiker is reddish-brown and has a moderate size. Both sexes reach 44–49 cm (17–19 in) at the shoulder. The sexes do not vary considerably in their weights, either; the typical weight range for this duiker is 18–23 kg (40–51 lb). Both sexes have a pair of spiky horns, measuring 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in). A notable feature of this duiker is the well-pronounced solid stripe of black extending from the back of the head to the tail.
The bay duiker is a nocturnal animal. It tends to remain solitary, but pairs can also be observed. The leopard is the main predator of this duiker. It mainly prefers fruits, but may also feed on animal matter such as bird eggs. Females may conceive by the age of 18 months. Breeding occurs throughout the year. Gestation lasts about 240 days, following which generally a single offspring is born. The lifespan of the bay duiker is typically 17 to 18 years.
The bay duiker prefers old-growth or primary forests. It has been historically overhunted across its range for bushmeat. The survival of the bay duiker is also threatened by human settlement and agricultural expansion due to this duiker's preference for old-growth forests, and habitat degradation. The bay duiker is, however, still a common duiker species, and is classified as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Bay duiker
Phylogenetic relationships of the bay duiker (Johnston et.al. 2012)The bay duiker was first described by British zoologist John Edward Gray in 1846.[3] The generic name probably comes from the combination of the New Latin word cephal, meaning head, and the Greek word lophos, meaning crest.[4] The specific name dorsalis is a Latin word referring to the back surface of an object.[5] The common name "duiker" comes from the Afrikaans word duik, or Dutch dūken (both mean "diver")[6] owing to the tendency of this antelope to seek cover in bushes.[7] The bay duiker is also known as the black-striped duiker and the black-backed duiker.[8]
A 2001 phylogenetic study divided Cephalophus into three distinct lineages: the giant duikers, east African red duikers and west African red duikers. The bay duiker was classified as a giant duiker along with the yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor), Abbott's duiker (C. spadix), and Jentink's duiker (C. jentinki).[9] In 2012, Anne R. Johnston (of the University of Orleans) and colleagues constructed a cladogram of the subfamily Cephalophinae (duiker) based on mitochondrial analysis. They showed that within the "giant duiker" group, the bay duiker formed a clade with Jentink's duiker, and the zebra duiker is sister to this clade. Similarly, Abbott's duiker and the yellow-backed duiker form a clade sister to Sylvicapra. The bay duiker and Jentink's duiker probably evolved during the Pleistocene, less than 2.5 million years ago.[10]
Although the species may be monotypic, a 2003 paper identified two subspecies of the bay duiker:[11][12]
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The bay duiker is a moderately sized antelope; the typical head-and-body length is 76–103 centimetres (30–41 in).[8] Both sexes reach 44–49 centimetres (17–19 in) at the shoulder. The sexes do not vary considerably in their weights either; the typical weight range for this duiker is 18–23 kilograms (40–51 lb).[13] Hence, sexual dimorphism in this species is not as remarkable as in other bovids, though females are often larger than males.[8] The tail, black on the outside but white in the inner parts, is 9–11 centimetres (3.5–4.3 in) long.[13] The tail of the eastern bay duiker terminates in a white tuft.[8] Both sexes possess a pair of spiky horns, measuring 5–8 centimetres (2.0–3.1 in). Rowland Ward, however, recorded a maximum horn length of 12.3 centimetres (4.8 in) from Yokadouma (Cameroon).[13] The horns of females are generally narrower.[8]
Both sexes have a bright reddish-brown coat. The ventral parts and the flanks are all reddish-brown, and the legs dark brown. A notable feature of this duiker is the well-pronounced solid stripe of black extending from the back of the head to the tail. This stripe is narrower in females.[8] Due to its nocturnal nature, the bay duiker has large conspicuous eyes. Whiskers can be observed above the eyes and around the nostrils. The patches of white fur around the whiskers are in sharp contrast to the dark reddish face.[13] Juveniles have a dark coat, that develops the stripes and chestnut to reddish-brown color gradually. The face is marked by a dark region from the nose to the forehead, separated from the rest of the face by two light brown furrows extending above or circling its eyes. Above the eyes and on the lips and chin white spots can be seen. The head has a diminutive crest (a tuft of hair), and is dark brown.[8] The eastern bay duiker is larger and heavier than the western bay duiker, with larger ears and darker coloration. The dorsal stripe is wider and lighter in color in the eastern bay duiker.[8]
The bay duiker is similar to several other duikers. The red duiker can not be readily distinguished from the bay duiker. Though Ogilby's duiker resembles the bay duiker in size and pelage color, the ventral side is paler and the dorsal stripe starts from the shoulders instead of the back of the head.[8] Additionally, the body posture and horn characteristics of the two species differ to a large extent.[14] The bay duiker, as well as the Ogilby's duiker, are remarkably similar to the black duiker, except for the pelage coloration.[15] The dorsal stripe of Peters's duiker also begins at the shoulders but widens to cover the whole of the rump, as does the fainter stripe on the white-bellied duiker. The bay duiker can be easily told apart from the black-fronted duiker and Weyns's duiker, that lack stripes.[8]
The bay duiker is a nocturnal animal, and consequently little is known of its behavioral patterns. During the day, the bay duiker rests against trees or in thickets. It tends to remain solitary, but pairs can also be observed. The bay duiker exhibits remarkable alertness. It depends heavily on its sense of smell for foraging and detecting potential danger. Individuals communicate through preorbital gland secretions and excrement. The leopard is the main predator of this duiker.[8][13] Eagles,[7] bonobos and mandrills[16] may also prey on the bay duiker. An alarmed individual becomes motionless, and might leap to flee.[8]
The bay duiker mainly prefers fruits. It feeds on the large fruits of Irvingia species (wild mango), Detarium macrocarpum and the spherical fruits of Mammea africana. Other fruits the duiker may eat are those of Ricinodendron heudelotii and oil-palms, the orange ones of Chrysophyllum beguei, the olive-like ones of Pseudospondias longifolia, the green plums of Panda oleosa and those of Cola rostrata, that resemble cocoa pods. The bay duiker extracts the pulp from the seeds, making a grating sound. If the seeds are large, the duiker spits them out. Smaller seeds such as those of Antrocaryon species may be ingested.[13] A 1989 study found that the soft seeds of plants such as Drypetes gossweileri, Staudtia gabonensis, Dacryoides buettneri, Ongokea gore, Santiria trimera, Annonidium mannii and Pentaclethra macrophylla are preferred.[17] There have been reports of the bay duiker preying on birds (without feeding on the legs and wings) and the embryo of unhatched eggs, carrion, remains of African porcupines and kusimanses, termites, beetles and ants.[7][13] Dog food may serve as supplement for captive individuals.[18]
Females may conceive by the age of eighteen months. Breeding occurs throughout the year, and no clear peaks are known.[13] A study in Gabon recorded birth peaks before or during maximum abundance of fruits.[19] In central Africa, births peak in January and February.[8] Oestrus lasts for just eighteen hours.[13] The rutting male pursues a female in oestrus continuously. The male might be humming and may move its foreleg outward. If receptive, the female will allow the male to mount by shifting her tail to a side.[13]
Gestation lasts for about 240 days, following which generally a single offspring is born. The infant weighs nearly 1,600–1,690 grams (56–60 oz), and its coat is dark reddish-brown. The brighter reddish-brown to chestnut color develops by five to six months. For the first few weeks after its birth, the infant is kept concealed in dense vegetation when the mother is away. The offspring can start taking solid food within a few weeks. Weaning occurs at around three-and-a-half months. The lifespan of the bay duiker averages 17 to 18 years.[8][13]
The bay duiker prefers old-growth or primary forests.[14] Home ranges of females are around 0.2–0.4 square kilometres (0.077–0.154 sq mi) large, and those of males are twice the size of those of females.[8] This duiker formerly occurred in the lowland forested areas (warm, moist rainforests) of Guinea. Nowadays, the bay duiker can be found in moist forested islands and riparian forests in the savannas of Guinea and northeastern Sudan.[14] The bay duiker is native to several countries in western and southern Africa: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo. It is feared to be extinct in Uganda.[1]
The bay duiker has been historically overhunted across its range for bushmeat. A 2007 study of the extinction of the bay duiker in the Ipassa Makokou Biosphere Reserve (Gabon) held overhunting responsible for the elimination of the species from the reserve.[20] The survival of the bay duiker is also threatened by human settlement and agricultural expansion due to this duiker's preference for old-growth forests, and habitat degradation.[1][14]
The habitat of the bay duiker has depleted to a large extent due to deforestation.[14] The bay duiker, unlike the other duiker species, is still found in significant numbers,[14] and is classified as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).[1] The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) enlists the species in Appendix II.[3] In 1999, Rod East of the IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group estimated the total population at 725,000.[1] The most significant population occurs only in the Taï National Park (Côte d'Ivoire).[14] Protected areas where bay duikers occur include: Sapo National Park (Liberia); Kakum National Park (Ghana); Campo Ma'an National Park, Dja Faunal Reserve and Lobéké National Park (Cameroon); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve and Bangassou (Central African Republic); Monte Alén National Park (Equatorial Guinea); Lopé National Park and Minkébé National Park (Gabon); Odzala National Park and Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park (Congo-Brazzaville); Ituri Rainforest, Kahuzi-Biéga, Maiko and Salonga National Parks (Congo-Kinshasa).[1]
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) The bay duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis), also known as the black-striped duiker and the black-backed duiker, is a forest-dwelling duiker native to western and southern Africa. It was first described by British zoologist John Edward Gray in 1846. Two subspecies are identified. The bay duiker is reddish-brown and has a moderate size. Both sexes reach 44–49 cm (17–19 in) at the shoulder. The sexes do not vary considerably in their weights, either; the typical weight range for this duiker is 18–23 kg (40–51 lb). Both sexes have a pair of spiky horns, measuring 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in). A notable feature of this duiker is the well-pronounced solid stripe of black extending from the back of the head to the tail.
The bay duiker is a nocturnal animal. It tends to remain solitary, but pairs can also be observed. The leopard is the main predator of this duiker. It mainly prefers fruits, but may also feed on animal matter such as bird eggs. Females may conceive by the age of 18 months. Breeding occurs throughout the year. Gestation lasts about 240 days, following which generally a single offspring is born. The lifespan of the bay duiker is typically 17 to 18 years.
The bay duiker prefers old-growth or primary forests. It has been historically overhunted across its range for bushmeat. The survival of the bay duiker is also threatened by human settlement and agricultural expansion due to this duiker's preference for old-growth forests, and habitat degradation. The bay duiker is, however, still a common duiker species, and is classified as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
El duiker bayo (Cephalophus dorsalis) que vive en las selvas de Gabón, Sierra Leona, Liberia, Ghana, Benín, sur de Camerún y norte del Congo.
Mide entre 50 y 55 cm de altura y 80 cm de longitud, más una cola de 9 cm. Pesa en promedio 20 kg. El manto es castaño rojizo obscuro con una banda negra de la cabeza a la cola y manchas obscuras bajo los ojos. Los cuernos son cónicos, dirigidos hacia atrás, de 5 a 10 cm de largo.
Viven en bosques húmedos muy densos, en los cuales se alimentan de las plantas y también de insectos y huevos. Es de hábitos nocturnos y vive solo o en pareja.
Datos: Q843594
Multimedia:
Especies: Cephalophus dorsalis
El duiker bayo (Cephalophus dorsalis) que vive en las selvas de Gabón, Sierra Leona, Liberia, Ghana, Benín, sur de Camerún y norte del Congo.
Mide entre 50 y 55 cm de altura y 80 cm de longitud, más una cola de 9 cm. Pesa en promedio 20 kg. El manto es castaño rojizo obscuro con una banda negra de la cabeza a la cola y manchas obscuras bajo los ojos. Los cuernos son cónicos, dirigidos hacia atrás, de 5 a 10 cm de largo.
Viven en bosques húmedos muy densos, en los cuales se alimentan de las plantas y también de insectos y huevos. Es de hábitos nocturnos y vive solo o en pareja.
Cephalophus dorsalis Cephalophus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Cephalophinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Cephalophus dorsalis Cephalophus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Cephalophinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppi (Cephalophus dorsalis) on Afrikassa elävä onttosarvisten heimoon kuuluva sorkkaeläin. Se elää metsissä ja liikkuu öisin. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi oli "mustaselkäpuikkija".[3]
Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antiloopin ruumiin pituus on 70–100 senttiä, säkäkorkeus 40–55 senttiä ja hännän pituus on 8–15 senttiä.[4] Paino on 15–24 kiloa. Laji on melko raskasrakenteinen.[5] Karkeakarvaisen turkin pääväri on yleensä punaruskea tai kellertävänruskea. Jalkojen alaosat ovat mustat tai tummanruskeat.[4][5] Selkää pitkin kulkee myös päästä häntään ulottuva lajille ominainen musta juova. Juova on keskimäärin 5–7 senttiä leveä, ja se paksunee takaruumiin kohdalla.[4] Myös vatsan keskellä voi olla tumma juova.[5] Häntä on päältä musta, mutta tuuhea alapuoli on valkoinen. Poikaset ovat syntyessään suklaanruskeita. Ne saavat selkäjuovan vasta neljän kuukauden ikäisinä. Aikuisen värityksen ne saavat noin vuoden vanhoina. Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antiloopilla on suippeneva pää ja voimakkaat poskilihakset.[4] Silmien alla on suuret naamarauhaset. Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antiloopin pää on leveämpi ja litteämpi kuin muilla sukeltaja-antiloopeilla. Sen kuono on myös lyhyt, ja silmät ovat suhteellisen korkealla, mikä on seurausta lajin suurista poskilihaksista, jotka mahdollistavat tehokkaan pureskelun.[5] Molemmilla sukupuolilla 5,5–10,5 senttiä pitkät, sileät, lähes suorat ja kiilanmuotoiset sarvet. Ne ovat verraten pitkät muiden sukeltaja-antilooppilajien sarviin verrattuna.[4]
Mustaselkä-sukeltaja-antilooppia tavataan Keski- ja Länsi-Afrikassa. Se levinneisyysalue ulottuu Guinea-Bissausta Ruwenzorivuorille, Ison hautavajoaman länsihaaraan ja Tanganjikajärvelle. Etelässä sen levinneisyys ulottuu Angolan koillisosiin saakka. Laji on ilmeisesti hävinnyt Ugandasta. Kannan kooksi arvioitiin vuonna 1999 olevan 725 000 yksilöä. Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppien määrä on laskussa elinympäristöjen vähenemisen ja liiallisen metsästyksen vuoksi, ja se on määritelty silmälläpidettäväksi lajiksi. Sitä tavataan useilla suojelualueilla.[1] Kannan tiheys on melko alhainen. 12–20 hehtaarin laajuista metsää asuttaa keskimäärin 2–3 mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppia.[4]
Lajin pääasiallista elinympäristöä ovat alavien maiden sademetsät, erityisesti koskemattomat metsäalueet. Metsien lisäksi lajia tavataan myös maatalousalueiden pensaikoissa ja vanhentuneissa uudismetsissä sekä alueilla, joilla metsä ja savanni vuorottelevat.[1][5]
Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppi elää yksin tai pareittain. Se liikkuu vain yöllä ja kulkee enimmäkseen vakituisesti käyttämiään polkuja pitkin. Polut kulkevat usein niin tiheän kasvillisuuden läpi, että ne näyttävät enemmän tunneleilta kuin poluilta.[4] Päivällä mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppi lepää yleensä ontossa puussa, kaatuneen puunrungon alla tai tiheän kasvillisuuden seassa.[5]
Tärkeimmät lajia saalistavat pedot ihmisen lisäksi ovat leopardi, pienet kissaeläimet, sivettieläimet, kotkat, suuret pöllöt, pytonit, krokotiilit ja varaanit.[4]
Vaikka mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppi on pääosin kasvinsyöjä, sen tiedetään tappavan ja syövän myös pikkueläimiä, etenkin pikkulintuja. Ravinto koostuu suurimmaksi osaksi hedelmistä, kuten villeistä mangoista ja leipäpuun hedelmistä.[5] Se syö myös lehtiä, versoja, silmuja, ruohoja, munia ja satunnaisesti raatoja.[4]
Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antiloopin kantoajan arvellaan kestävän noin 8,5–9 kuukautta. Naaras synnyttää yhden, harvoin kaksi vasaa.[4] Vasa pysyttelee ensimmäiset elinviikkonsa kasvillisuuden kätköissä ja viettää emonsa kanssa hyvin vähän aikaa. Emo imettää sitä viiden kuukauden ajan.[5] Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppinaaraasta tulee sukukypsä 9–12 kuukauden ja uroksesta 12–18 kuukauden ikäisenä. Elinikä voi olla jopa 10–12 vuotta.[4]
Mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppi (Cephalophus dorsalis) on Afrikassa elävä onttosarvisten heimoon kuuluva sorkkaeläin. Se elää metsissä ja liikkuu öisin. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi oli "mustaselkäpuikkija".
Il cefalofo baio (Cephalophus dorsalis Gray, 1846), noto anche come cefalofo dal dorso nero, è una specie di cefalofo originaria delle foreste dell'Africa occidentale e centrale. Così come altri suoi simili, questa piccola e timida antilope, seppure faccia del suo meglio per evitare l'uomo, è molto minacciata dall'insostenibile commercio del cosiddetto bushmeat. Il nome afrikaans duiker, con cui vengono indicati i cefalofi, significa «tuffatore» e si riferisce all'abitudine propria di questi animali di tuffarsi nel fitto della vegetazione se disturbati[3].
Attualmente, gli studiosi riconoscono due sottospecie di cefalofo baio[1]:
Lungo 70-100 cm e pesante 15-24 kg, il cefalofo baio ha una costituzione piuttosto robusta, con un mantello di colore rosso o marrone-giallastro spruzzato di bianco. Lungo il dorso, dal naso alla radice della coda, corre una linea scura, e talvolta sul ventre è presente un'altra linea mediana dello stesso colore[4][5][6]. Le brevi zampe anteriori e le lunghe zampe posteriori sono di colore nero o marrone scuro[6]. La testa, più larga e appiattita di quella di altri cefalofi, presenta muso breve e occhi situati piuttosto in alto. Quest'ultima peculiarità è dovuta a un ingrossamento dei muscoli delle guance, come adattamento ad un'azione masticatoria più efficiente[4]. Il cefalofo baio possiede corna coniche, molto brevi, e grandi ghiandole odorifere poste sotto agli occhi, che si pensa vengano utilizzate per marcare il territorio[6].
Il cefalofo baio vive nella cintura di foreste equatoriali di pianura che cinge l'Africa, dal Senegal al Lago Tanganica[4].
Generalmente abita nelle foreste pluviali, dove può trovare riparo nelle cavità degli alberi, sotto tronchi caduti e nel fitto della boscaglia[4]. Sembra avere una particolare preferenza per le foreste pluviali primarie, e in apparenza è più comune nelle aree dove la foresta non è mai stata abbattuta[6].
I cefalofi bai sono animali notturni[6] che trascorrono le ore diurne nascosti tra la fitta vegetazione, nelle cavità degli alberi o sotto tronchi caduti[4], il che fa di loro animali particolarmente difficili da studiare[3]. Si nutrono prevalentemente di frutta[7], come manghi selvatici e frutti del pane africani[4], e per questo motivo giocano un ruolo importante nella dispersione dei semi degli alberi della foresta[8]. Brucano frequentemente anche foglie[7] e, stranamente, è noto che all'occasione queste timide antilopi seguano, uccidano e mangino uccelli[4].
I cefalofi, così come evitano l'uomo, cercano generalmente di evitarsi anche tra loro. La loro densità di popolazione è molto bassa[4], e generalmente vivono da soli, sebbene talvolta vengano visti in coppia[3], e si ritiene siano monogami[3]. La femmina partorisce solamente un unico piccolo; questo resta nascosto tra la vegetazione per le prime settimane di vita e trascorre pochissimo tempo con la madre[3]. I cefalofi bai vengono svezzati a cinque mesi di età, raggiungono la maturità sessuale a circa un anno e possono vivere fino a 10-12 anni[9].
Il cefalofo baio occupa un areale molto vasto, ma la sua popolarità presso i cacciatori e i commercianti di bushmeat lo ha spinto verso il declino in molti Paesi dell'Africa occidentale. Attualmente è divenuto molto raro in Nigeria e Sierra Leone, mentre in Uganda è scomparso del tutto[4]. I cefalofi sono prede facili da abbattere sia con armi da fuoco che con lacci, si possono facilmente trasportare a piedi, e da essi si ricava abbastanza carne da renderne proficua la cattura: tutti questi fattori ne fanno uno dei bersagli principali della caccia sia di sussistenza che commerciale[8]. Sfortunatamente, quasi ovunque la caccia data a questi animali è divenuta insostenibile con la loro sopravvivenza[8]. Inoltre, la predilezione del cefalofo baio per le foreste indisturbate lo rende vulnerabile al degrado dell'habitat, provocato da attività umane come l'agricoltura. In Togo, ad esempio, la popolazione di questa specie sta diminuendo sempre più a causa della distruzione dell'habitat e della caccia[6].
Il cefalofo baio (Cephalophus dorsalis Gray, 1846), noto anche come cefalofo dal dorso nero, è una specie di cefalofo originaria delle foreste dell'Africa occidentale e centrale. Così come altri suoi simili, questa piccola e timida antilope, seppure faccia del suo meglio per evitare l'uomo, è molto minacciata dall'insostenibile commercio del cosiddetto bushmeat. Il nome afrikaans duiker, con cui vengono indicati i cefalofi, significa «tuffatore» e si riferisce all'abitudine propria di questi animali di tuffarsi nel fitto della vegetazione se disturbati.
De zwartrugduiker (Cephalophus dorsalis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de holhoornigen (Bovidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Gray in 1846.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Dujker czarnopręgi[3] (Cephalophus dorsalis) – gatunek ssaka parzystokopytnego z rodziny wołowatych, zaliczany do grupy dujkerów.
Obecny zasięg występowania gatunku obejmuje obszary Afryki równikowej. Jego siedliskiem są gęste lasy.
Ubarwienie czerwonobrązowe, wzdłuż grzbietu ciągnie się ciemny pas. Rogi o długości 5–10 cm występują u przedstawicieli obydwu płci.
Prowadzą nocny tryb życia, samotnie lub w parach. Są wszystkożerne. Dujker czarnopręgi żyje 10–12 lat.
Samice osiągają dojrzałość płciową pomiędzy 9-12, natomiast samce pomiędzy 12-18 miesiącem życia. Ciąża u tego gatunku trwa 8,5 do 9 miesięcy, na świat przychodzi zwykle jedno, rzadko dwa młode. Młode rodzą się ubarwione jednolicie w kolorze czekoladowobrązowym, charakterystyczny pas wzdłuż grzbietu pojawia się około czwartego miesiąca życia. Ubarwienie osobników dorosłych uzyskują około 1 roku.
Gatunek jest objęty konwencją waszyngtońską CITES (załącznik II)[4].
W Czerwonej księdze gatunków zagrożonych Międzynarodowej Unii Ochrony Przyrody został zaliczony do kategorii NT (bliski zagrożenia). Od 2008 do 2016 r. był uznawany za gatunek najmniejszej troski (LC)[2].
Dujker czarnopręgi (Cephalophus dorsalis) – gatunek ssaka parzystokopytnego z rodziny wołowatych, zaliczany do grupy dujkerów.
O bâmbi-castanho ou cabrito-castanho (Cephalophus dorsalis)[3] é um pequeno antílope encontrado da Serra Leoa ao Togo; e do sudoeste da Nigéria à República Centro Africana e República Democrática do Congo ao norte de Angola.
Duas subespécies são descritas:
O bâmbi-castanho ou cabrito-castanho (Cephalophus dorsalis) é um pequeno antílope encontrado da Serra Leoa ao Togo; e do sudoeste da Nigéria à República Centro Africana e República Democrática do Congo ao norte de Angola.
Duas subespécies são descritas:
Cephalophus dorsalis dorsalis Gray, 1846 Cephalophus dorsalis castaneus Thomas, 1892Svartryggad dykare[2] (Cephalophus dorsalis) är en skogslevande antilopdykare som återfinns i norra delarna av Kongo-Brazzaville, Liberia, Sierra Leone och Ghana.
Svartryggad dykare har en mankhöjd på runt 50 centimeter och kan väga ungefär 20 kilogram. Pälsen är mörkbrun med ljus undersida. Den har en svart linje som går ifrån nosen, över ryggen till svansen och den har fläckar över ögonen.
Dykaren lever i tät regnskog där den nattetid kommer ut för att leta föda. Den svartryggade dykarens föda innefattar växter, insekter, fåglar och ägg. De lever ensamma eller i par i ett område långt ifrån andra svartryggade dykare.
Svartryggad dykare (Cephalophus dorsalis) är en skogslevande antilopdykare som återfinns i norra delarna av Kongo-Brazzaville, Liberia, Sierra Leone och Ghana.
Svartryggad dykare har en mankhöjd på runt 50 centimeter och kan väga ungefär 20 kilogram. Pälsen är mörkbrun med ljus undersida. Den har en svart linje som går ifrån nosen, över ryggen till svansen och den har fläckar över ögonen.
Dykaren lever i tät regnskog där den nattetid kommer ut för att leta föda. Den svartryggade dykarens föda innefattar växter, insekter, fåglar och ägg. De lever ensamma eller i par i ett område långt ifrån andra svartryggade dykare.
Linh dương nam Phi[2] (danh pháp hai phần: Cephalophus dorsalis) là một loài linh dương trong phân họ Cephalophinae, họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này sinh sống tại rừng rậm trải dài từ Gabon, miền nam Cameroon đến miền bắc Congo, cũng như các nước Sierra Leone, Liberia, và nhiều nơi phía nam Bờ Biển Ngà, Ghana và Bénin. Loài này cũng từng được xem là phân loài của Linh dương trung Phi.
Linh dương nam Phi khi đứng, bờ vai cao khoảng 50 cm (20 in) còn cân nặng đạt 20 kg (44 lb). Linh dương nam Phi có bộ lông nâu sẫm ửng đỏ, sọc đen chạy dọc lưng, từ mũi đến chóp đuôi, dưới bụng trắng và đốm nhỏ trên mắt. Sừng nhỏ, hình nón, dài 5 đến 10 cm (2,0 đến 3,9 in).
Linh dương nam Phi sinh trưởng trong rừng mưa rậm rạp, nơi chúng ăn chủ yếu là thực vật, nhưng cũng ăn côn trùng, trứng, và chim nhỏ. Linh dương nam Phi hoạt động về đêm, ban ngày nghỉ ngơi dưới bụi cây, rễ trụ, hoặc thậm chí trong thân cây rỗng.
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Bài viết về chủ đề Bộ Guốc chẵn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Linh dương nam Phi (danh pháp hai phần: Cephalophus dorsalis) là một loài linh dương trong phân họ Cephalophinae, họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này sinh sống tại rừng rậm trải dài từ Gabon, miền nam Cameroon đến miền bắc Congo, cũng như các nước Sierra Leone, Liberia, và nhiều nơi phía nam Bờ Biển Ngà, Ghana và Bénin. Loài này cũng từng được xem là phân loài của Linh dương trung Phi.
Linh dương nam Phi khi đứng, bờ vai cao khoảng 50 cm (20 in) còn cân nặng đạt 20 kg (44 lb). Linh dương nam Phi có bộ lông nâu sẫm ửng đỏ, sọc đen chạy dọc lưng, từ mũi đến chóp đuôi, dưới bụng trắng và đốm nhỏ trên mắt. Sừng nhỏ, hình nón, dài 5 đến 10 cm (2,0 đến 3,9 in).
Linh dương nam Phi sinh trưởng trong rừng mưa rậm rạp, nơi chúng ăn chủ yếu là thực vật, nhưng cũng ăn côn trùng, trứng, và chim nhỏ. Linh dương nam Phi hoạt động về đêm, ban ngày nghỉ ngơi dưới bụi cây, rễ trụ, hoặc thậm chí trong thân cây rỗng.
騮毛小羚羊（Cephalophus dorsalis），又名黑背麂羚或海灣遁羚，是一種分佈在加蓬、喀麥隆南部、剛果北部、塞拉里昂、利比里亞、科特迪瓦南部、加納及貝寧的麂羚。有些學者認為牠們是奧氏小羚羊的亞種。
騮毛小羚羊肩高50厘米，重20公斤。牠們呈深褐色，由鼻子經背部至尾巴有一道黑色斑紋，腹部白色。眼睛上有斑點。
騮毛小羚羊棲息在茂密的雨林，主要吃植物、昆蟲、蛋及細小的鳥類。牠們是夜間活動的，日間會在草叢或樹孔內休息。牠們是獨居或一對生活的，與其他騮毛小羚羊很少接觸。
騮毛小羚羊（Cephalophus dorsalis），又名黑背麂羚或海灣遁羚，是一種分佈在加蓬、喀麥隆南部、剛果北部、塞拉里昂、利比里亞、科特迪瓦南部、加納及貝寧的麂羚。有些學者認為牠們是奧氏小羚羊的亞種。
騮毛小羚羊肩高50厘米，重20公斤。牠們呈深褐色，由鼻子經背部至尾巴有一道黑色斑紋，腹部白色。眼睛上有斑點。
騮毛小羚羊棲息在茂密的雨林，主要吃植物、昆蟲、蛋及細小的鳥類。牠們是夜間活動的，日間會在草叢或樹孔內休息。牠們是獨居或一對生活的，與其他騮毛小羚羊很少接觸。
베이다이커 또는 검은등다이커(Cephalophus dorsalis)는 숲에서 사는 다이커의 일종으로 가봉과 카메룬 남부, 콩고 북부 지역 그리고 시에라리온과 라이베리아, 코트디부아르 남부의 일부 지역, 가나, 베냉에서 발견된다. 오길비다이커의 아종으로 추측하기도 한다.
베이다이커의 어깨 높이는 5cm, 몸무게는 약 20kg 정도이다. 어두운 갈색 털에 검은 줄무늬가 등쪽을 따라 코부터 꼬리까지 이어지며, 배 아래쪽은 희고 눈 위에 힌 반점이 있다. 나선형의 작은 뿔이 5~10cm 정도 자란다.
울창한 열대 우림에서 살며, 주식은 식물이지만 곤충과 알 그리고 작은 새도 먹는다. 야행성 동물로 낮에는 덤불과 땅 위로 올라온 나무 뿌리 위 또는 나무 구멍 속에서 휴식을 취한다. 울창한 밀림 속에서 정해진 이동 경로를 따라 규칙적으로 움직인다. 베이다이커는 다른 베이다이커와는 떨어져서 혼자 또는 둘이 짝을 지어 산다.
베이다이커 또는 검은등다이커(Cephalophus dorsalis)는 숲에서 사는 다이커의 일종으로 가봉과 카메룬 남부, 콩고 북부 지역 그리고 시에라리온과 라이베리아, 코트디부아르 남부의 일부 지역, 가나, 베냉에서 발견된다. 오길비다이커의 아종으로 추측하기도 한다.
베이다이커의 어깨 높이는 5cm, 몸무게는 약 20kg 정도이다. 어두운 갈색 털에 검은 줄무늬가 등쪽을 따라 코부터 꼬리까지 이어지며, 배 아래쪽은 희고 눈 위에 힌 반점이 있다. 나선형의 작은 뿔이 5~10cm 정도 자란다.
울창한 열대 우림에서 살며, 주식은 식물이지만 곤충과 알 그리고 작은 새도 먹는다. 야행성 동물로 낮에는 덤불과 땅 위로 올라온 나무 뿌리 위 또는 나무 구멍 속에서 휴식을 취한다. 울창한 밀림 속에서 정해진 이동 경로를 따라 규칙적으로 움직인다. 베이다이커는 다른 베이다이커와는 떨어져서 혼자 또는 둘이 짝을 지어 산다.
