Southern bog lemmings have many predators, including owls, red foxes, gray foxes, domestic dogs, badgers, and house cats.
Known Predators:
Southern bog lemmings are small voles, weighing 20 to 50 grams and measuring 110 to 140 mm in total length. The dorsal pelage ranges in color from a chestnut to dark brown that has a grizzled appearance. The venter is silver-gray. Females of this species have 6 mammae, which differentiate it from its closest relative, Synaptomys borealis, which have 8 mammae. The orange incisors are broad and longitudinally grooved. The tail is short, barely longer than the hind foot.
Range mass: 20 to 50 g.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Wild southern bog lemmings usually do not live for more than a year. In captivity, they may live up to 29 months.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 29 (high) months.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 1 (high) years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: < 1 years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 2.5 years.
Synaptomys cooperi occurs mainly in sphagnum bogs, as its common name suggests, but it may also occur in grasslands, and in Canada it occurs in coniferous or deciduous forests. In Michigan, it can be found in clear cuts, old fields, or upland woods. Occurrence within the larger geographic range is patchy--it tends to occupy isolated areas. This is thought to be due to competition with meadow voles.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest
Wetlands: bog
Southern bog lemmings are found in eastern North America, from southeast Canada to western Minnesota, down to southwest Kansas and east to northeast North Carolina.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Southern bog lemmings eat mostly vegetation such as grasses, sedges, mosses, fruits, fungi, bark and roots. Bog lemmings snip stems near the ground to get access to the upper parts. Often surrounding vegetation prohibits the stems from falling, so additional snips must be made. Some invertebrates such as slugs and snails are also taken. The jaws are powerful and thought to be used extensively for gnawing.
Animal Foods: mollusks
Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; wood, bark, or stems; fruit; bryophytes
Other Foods: fungus
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )
There is thought to be intraspecific communication in the form of scent marking from anal secretions. Vocalizations are squeaks.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Once very common, numbers seem to be declining as a result of habitat destruction and the overgrowth of bogs. One subspecies, Synaptomys cooperi helaletes, is thought endangered and possibly extinct. Other subspecies also appear to be threatened.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Southern bog lemmings have important ecosystem roles as food for a number of predators (see above) and as competitors with other small rodents, such as meadow voles.
Breeding occurs in all seasons, especially where food is not limiting. Most young are born between April and September. Females are polyestrous--one captive bore 6 litters in 22 weeks. Wild females produce 2 or 3 litters per year. Gestation lasts from 23 to 26 days. Mean litter size is 3 but can range from 1 to 8. Males can reach sexual maturity in 5 weeks.
Breeding interval: Southern bog lemmings breed two or three times each year.
Breeding season: Southern bog lemmings breed year round.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 8.
Average number of offspring: 3.
Range gestation period: 23 to 26 days.
Average weaning age: 3 weeks.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 5 weeks.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Average birth mass: 3.46 g.
Average number of offspring: 3.
Southern bog lemmings weigh 3.7 grams at birth. Young are born with no fur, closed eyes, and with the ear pinnae folded over. Claws are apparent at birth. By the end of the first week, the young are well furred. The female nurses her young for three weeks.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
Synaptomys cooperi és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. Viu al Canadà i els Estats Units, des del sud de Manitoba fins a Nova Escòcia. S'alimenta principalment de plantes herbàcies. Els seus hàbitats naturals són els herbassars, els boscos mixtos de perennifolis i coníferes, els boscos de pícees i avets i els aiguamolls. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
L'espècie fou anomenada en honor del metge i naturalista estatunidenc James Graham Cooper.[2]
Synaptomys cooperi és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. Viu al Canadà i els Estats Units, des del sud de Manitoba fins a Nova Escòcia. S'alimenta principalment de plantes herbàcies. Els seus hàbitats naturals són els herbassars, els boscos mixtos de perennifolis i coníferes, els boscos de pícees i avets i els aiguamolls. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
L'espècie fou anomenada en honor del metge i naturalista estatunidenc James Graham Cooper.
Der Südliche Moorlemming (Synaptomys cooperi), auch Südliche Lemmingmaus, ist eine der zwei Arten der Moorlemminge (Synaptomys) und lebt im östlichen Nordamerika. Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich vom südöstlichen Kanada bis in das westliche Minnesota, südlich bis in den Südwesten von Kansas und östlich bis in den Nordosten von North Carolina.
Die Kopf-Rumpf-Länge beträgt 11 bis 14 cm, hinzu kommt ein 1,5 bis 2,7 cm langer Schwanz. Das Gewicht reicht von 14 bis 42 Gramm. Die Rückenseite ist hell- bis dunkelbraun, die Bauchseite silbergrau. Die Tiere haben sechs Zitzen im Gegensatz zu ihren nächsten Verwandten, den Nördlichen Moorlemmingen (Synaptomys borealis), deren Vertreter acht Zitzen haben. Sie haben breite orange Schneidezähne.
Südliche Moorlemminge sind überwiegend nachts aktiv und halten keinen Winterschlaf. Sie leben hauptsächlich in mit Torfmoosen bewachsenen Mooren, aber auch auf Grünland und in Kanada in Wäldern. Hauptnahrung sind Süßgräser, Sauergrasgewächse, Moose, Früchte, Pilze, sowie Baumrinden, Wurzeln und Triebe. Auch Wirbellose wie Schnecken werden gelegentlich verzehrt. In der Natur haben die Tiere eine Lebensdauer von sieben bis acht Monaten. In Gefangenschaft wurde ein weibliches Tier zwei Jahre und fünf Monate alt.
Die Paarungszeit ist über das ganze Jahr verteilt, falls genügend Futter vorhanden ist. Die meisten Nachkommen werden in der freien Natur von April bis September geboren. Nach einer Tragzeit von 23 bis 26 Tagen wirft das Weibchen ein bis acht, im Mittel drei Junge. Es kommt zu zwei bis drei Würfen pro Jahr, in Gefangenschaft wurden bis zu sechs Würfe in 22 Wochen beobachtet. Die Neugeborenen wiegen je rund 3,7 Gramm. Nach etwa einer Woche sind Fell und Schneidezähne gut ausgebildet, nach 10 bis 11 Tagen öffnen sie die Augen. Die Jungen werden drei Wochen lang gesäugt. Bereits im Alter von fünf Wochen sind die Männchen fortpflanzungsfähig.
Der Südliche Moorlemming (Synaptomys cooperi), auch Südliche Lemmingmaus, ist eine der zwei Arten der Moorlemminge (Synaptomys) und lebt im östlichen Nordamerika. Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich vom südöstlichen Kanada bis in das westliche Minnesota, südlich bis in den Südwesten von Kansas und östlich bis in den Nordosten von North Carolina.
The southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) is a small North American lemming. Its range overlaps with the other species in genus Synaptomys, the northern bog lemming, in southeastern Canada, but extends farther south.
Southern bog lemmings are covered with thick, brownish fur on their backs that ranges in color from reddish to dark brown and have a grizzled appearance. The belly is silver-gray. The shallow-grooved upper incisors and a relatively shorter tail distinguish this species from other rodents.[2] They have relatively large heads and small eyes. The ears barely show through puffy head fur. Southern bog lemmings have four toes and one small, nailed thumb on the forefeet and five toes on the hind feet. Females have six teats, which distinguishes this species from its closest relative, northern bog lemmings, which have eight.[3] They have a large head, short legs, and a short tail which is lighter underneath. Their upper incisors are grooved. They are 13 cm (5.1 in) long with a 2 cm (0.79 in) tail and weigh about 35 g (1.2 oz).
Southern bog lemmings are found in eastern North America, from southern Quebec and Manitoba in Canada to western Minnesota, to northwestern Georgia, to southwest Kansas, and east to the Atlantic Coast of the United States. This species is more common in deciduous and mixed coniferous–deciduous forests. The grassy openings and edges of these forests, especially where sedges, ferns, and shrubs grow and when the soil is loose and crumbly, are habitats the bog lemming prefers. It also inhabits wetter and drier sites when meadow voles are scarce or absent. The southern bog lemming creates a maze of interconnecting tunnels and runways and builds nests from plant fibers. Summer nests are on the surface of the ground or in a clump of sedges or grasses, but winter nests are usually underground in an enlarged tunnel. These animals are found in mixed forests, wetlands, and grasslands.[4]
Fresh vegetation, especially the leaves, stems, seeds heads, and roots of grasses and sedges is the main food of this species. Raspberries, blueberries and other fruits, insects, fungi, and bark form a lesser part of the diet. They cache grasses and sedge stems in underground chambers. They do not hibernate, and live in groups of a few to several dozen individuals.[5] Female lemmings have two or three litters of four to six young in a year. The young are born in a nest in a burrow or concealed in vegetation. Most live less than a year. The range of these animals is thought to be declining in some areas due to loss of wetland habitat.
They are active year-round, mainly at night. They make runways through the surface vegetation and also dig burrows. These animals are often found in small colonies. Lemming populations go through a 3- or 4-year cycle of boom and bust.
Breeding can occur during any time of the year if food is plentiful. The gestation period is 21–23 days. At birth, the pups are blind and without fur. They also have claws at birth. By the end of their first week, young are well furred. They open their eyes at about 12 days of age. They are weaned at 3 weeks. Male southern bog lemmings reach sexual maturity in 5 weeks. Most individuals breed before they reach their maximum size.[6]
Southern bog lemmings are thought to communicate using scent marking. They also make squeaking vocalizations. Other methods of communication include acoustic, chemical, visual, and tactile.[5]
Southern bog lemmings have many predators, including owls, hawks, red foxes, gray foxes, domestic dogs, badgers, weasels, snakes, bobcats, and house cats.
Two subspecies have become extinct: Kansas bog lemming (S. c. paludis), and Nebraska bog lemming (S. c. relictus).
The southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) is a small North American lemming. Its range overlaps with the other species in genus Synaptomys, the northern bog lemming, in southeastern Canada, but extends farther south.
Synaptomys cooperi Synaptomys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Arvicolinae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Synaptomys cooperi Synaptomys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Arvicolinae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Le Campagnol-lemming de Cooper (Synaptomys cooperi) est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés.
Il vit au Canada et aux États-Unis. On le trouve dans une grande variété d'habitat, notamment dans les forêts mixtes et dans les forêts de sapins et épicéas[1].
Le Campagnol-lemming de Cooper (Synaptomys cooperi) est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés.
De zuidelijke lemmingmuis (Synaptomys cooperi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Baird in 1858.
De soort komt voor in Canada en de Verenigde Staten.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe zuidelijke lemmingmuis (Synaptomys cooperi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Baird in 1858.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Moczarnik południowy[4] (Synaptomys cooperi) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny chomikowatych[2].
Występuje na torfowiskach i nadbrzeżnych łąkach północno-wschodniej części USA i południowo-wschodniej Kanady.
Moczarniki południowe żyją w koloniach liczących około 30 osobników. Kopią nory biegnące tuż pod powierzchnią ziemi, a na powierzchni wygryzają i wydeptują rozgałęzioną sieć ścieżek, które znakują niewielkimi stosikami ułożonymi z powyrywanej trawy. S. cooperisą aktywne zarówno nocą, jak i w dzień. Mają silne szczęki i zęby. Żywią się głównie pokarmem roślinnym.
Rozmnażają się przez całą wiosnę i lato. Samica rocznie wydaje na świat 2 lub 3 mioty liczące od 1 do 4 młodych.
Moczarnik południowy (Synaptomys cooperi) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny chomikowatych.
Synaptomys cooperi[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Baird 1858. Synaptomys cooperi ingår i släktet myrlämlar och familjen hamsterartade gnagare.[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[8]
Arten liknar de äkta lämlar (Lemmus) i utseende men den tillhör ett annat släkte. Den har en mörkbrun till kastanjebrun päls på ryggen och buken har en gråaktig färg. I djurets orange framtänder finns en ränna. Individerna blir 11 till 14 cm långa med svansen och vikten varierar mellan 20 och 50 gram. Svansen är bara något längre än de bakre extremiteterna.[10]
Synaptomys cooperi förekommer i sydöstra Kanada och nordöstra USA. Utbredningsområdets norra gräns sträcker sig från södra delen av Winnipegsjön till centrala Québec. Södra gränsen går ungefär från södra Kansas över norra Arkansas och norra Georgia till centrala Virginia. En avskild population finns i sydöstra Virginia och nordöstra North Carolina.[1]
Arten hittas i nästan alla habitat som finns i utbredningsområdet som ängar, skogar, buskskogar och träskmarker.[1]
Synaptomys cooperi bygger underjordiska tunnelsystem som ligger några centimeter under markytan.[1] Individerna vilar även i självbyggda bon av gräs som göms under rötter eller andra växtdelar. Ibland förekommer många individer i samma region men det är inte helt utrett om de har ett socialt beteende förutom parningen.[10]
Denna lämmel kan vara aktiv på dagen och på natten och den håller ingen vinterdvala. Födan utgörs av örter, frön, rötter och små frukter.[10]
Honor kan para sig hela året och de flesta ungar föds mellan april och september. I södra delar av utbredningsområdet har honan vanligen flera kullar per år. Dräktigheten varar 21 till 23 dagar och sedan föds oftast 2 till 5 ungar, ibland upp till 8 ungar. Könsmognaden uppnås efter cirka två månader.[1] I naturen blir Synaptomys cooperi sällan äldre än ett år.[10]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Synaptomys cooperi.
Wikispecies har information om Synaptomys cooperi.
Synaptomys cooperi är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Baird 1858. Synaptomys cooperi ingår i släktet myrlämlar och familjen hamsterartade gnagare. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.
Synaptomys cooperi là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Baird mô tả năm 1857.[2]
Bài viết liên quan đến họ gặm nhấm Cricetidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Synaptomys cooperi là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Baird mô tả năm 1857.
남부늪레밍(Synaptomys cooperi)은 비단털쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다. 작은 북아메리카 레밍이다. 늪레밍속에 속하는 다른 종 북부늪레밍의 분포 지역과 겹치고 캐나다 남동부 지역에서 발견되지만 좀더 남쪽에 분포한다.[1]
