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Associations

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As insectivores, lesser sheath-tailed bats may regulate insect populations. Because lesser sheath-tailed bats occasionally eat fruit, they may contribute to seed dispersal.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Benefits

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Many bats, including lesser sheath-tailed bats, contribute to the control of insect pests on crops.

Positive Impacts: controls pest population

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Benefits

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No information known.

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Conservation Status

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Lesser sheath-tailed bats are declining in population but are still considered of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List because of their location. Most members of this species are currently located within protected areas, and populations are decreasing at a rate that ranks them as non-threatened. Increased deforestation from illegal logging and forest fires as well as destruction of caves due to limestone extraction are of increasing concern. Both scientific groups and retailers are promoting educational programs to raise awareness

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Behavior

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Lesser sheath-tailed bats have a very distinct echolocation call lasting 6 to 8 milliseconds. Each call consists of a short sweep up in the frequency range, then a steady constant frequency staying between 48 and 51 kHz. The call finishes with a sweep down through its frequency range. Emballonura monticola studied in Singapore were recorded as having a maximum frequency of 49.3 kHz and a minimum frequency of 46.0 kHz.

Communication Channels: acoustic

Perception Channels: tactile ; acoustic ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Untitled

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Because of continued demand for palm oil, which is used in margarine, lipstick, and detergent, deforestation is continuing in prime habitat of lesser sheath-tailed bats. Malaysia and Indonesia together contribute about 88% of the world's palm oil. Large retailers, including Migros, Switzerland's largest retail chain, have expressed their concern for the destruction of these habitats due to palm oil production. Migros has recently ensured all of their products made of palm oil will not contribute to deforestation.

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Trophic Strategy

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Lesser sheath-tailed bats primarily hunt insects in dense forests. They have also been observed during the day in dense shade foraging for insects. This species has also occasionally been observed eating fruit.

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: fruit

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Distribution

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Lesser sheath-tailed bats can be found in the Malay Peninsula and the surrounding areas, including some offshore islands.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Habitat

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Lesser sheath-tailed bats are often found in areas of lowland forest and subtropical/tropical moist areas, primarily up to 1800 m. This species roosts in caves and cave entrances, rock crevices, large tree holes, and forests. They can be found in smaller numbers hanging under tables and buttresses in lowland forest Malaysia, hanging rock in tropical lowland forests and manmade caves in Thailand.

Range elevation: 1800 (high) m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

Other Habitat Features: caves

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Life Expectancy

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Little information is available regarding the lifespan of lesser sheath-tailed bats.

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Morphology

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Lesser sheath-tailed bats have very smooth and shiny fur that ranges from dark to reddish brown. Their underside is brown and wings are black. They have triangular shaped ears, large eyes and a pointed, simple nose that has no noseleaf. A short tail protrudes from the membrane between the legs, and, when the legs are stretched, the tail is retracted in a membrane (uropatagium) and unseen. When the wings of lesser sheath-tailed bats are relaxed, they have an extra fold that distinguishes them from other bat families. This species can fly straight and fast due to the shape of their bodies, allowing them to follow gaps formed by streams or paths in the forest. The forearm is generally 43 to 45 mm in length. The dental formula is (i 2/3, c 1/1, pm 2/2, m 3/3) x 2 = 34. g. Emballonura are the only genera in the family to have two pairs of upper incisors. A "W" pattern of cusps and ridges is also found in their molars.

Range mass: 4 to 5 g.

Range length: 40 to 45 mm.

Range wingspan: 26.1 to 26.58 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Associations

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Little information is available regarding predators of lesser sheath-tailed bats.

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Reproduction

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Lesser sheath-tailed bats are believed to be polygynous, though little information is available regarding the mating systems of this species.

Mating System: polygynous

Lesser sheath-tailed bats have two breeding seasons per year, the first in February through March and the second in October through November. During each birth period, females give birth to a single offspring. The pup weighs about a quarter of the mother's weight.

Breeding interval: Lesser sheath-tailed bats have two breeding seasons per year

Breeding season: Mating of lesser sheath-tailed bats occurs in February-March and in October-November

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average time to independence: 1 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.

Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Female lesser sheath-tailed bats scoop their pups to their body with their wings as soon as a pup is born, preventing it from falling. The pup clings to its mother's body while she forages until the pup becomes too heavy to carry. Soon after weaning, usually within a year, the pup becomes a mature adult.

Parental Investment: female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Kraemer, K. 2011. "Emballonura monticola" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Emballonura_monticola.html
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Biology

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The echolocation calls of this delicate bat are extremely distinctive, starting with a short sweep up the frequency range, followed by a steady constant frequency component between 48 and 51 kHz, and finishing with a final sweep down through the frequency range. Each call lasts just 6 – 8 milliseconds (6). The lesser sheath-tailed bat uses these calls to orientate itself in the forest, and to detect small insects to feed upon, by waiting for the returning echo of the call and building up a detailed picture of its environment. It is thought that the lesser sheath-tailed bat has two breeding seasons each year; one in February and March, and the second in October and November. However, individuals have also been found to be pregnant at other times of year (2). Each female gives birth to a single pup, which she prevents from falling to the floor of the roost by scooping it to her body with her wing. At birth, the pup weighs a quarter of its mother's weight (this is normal in bats, but extraordinary in much of the rest of the mammalian class). The mother will forage with her pup clinging to her belly until it becomes too heavy to carry. Soon afterwards the pup is weaned, and within a year it will become a mature adult (7).
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Conservation

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Deforestation of primary forest for oil palm plantations, including within protected areas, is an issue of major concern and one that relies on both governmental action and consumer concern. Some large retailers have agreed, in collaboration with the WWF, to source products containing palm oil from plantations that are not on deforested land (8). Many scientific and charitable groups contribute to bat monitoring and local education programmes that can help to reduce persecution and raise awareness of the natural assets of the land (7).
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Description

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The angular features of this small and timid bat make it easy to recognise. It has a pointy, simple nose with no noseleaf, large black eyes, and triangular ears. The fur is extremely smooth and shiny, varying in colour from reddish brown to dark brown, and fading to buffy brown on the underside. In common with other members of the Emballonuridae, or sheath-tailed bats, the lesser sheath-tailed bat has a short tail that protrudes from the interfemoral membrane between the legs, unless the legs are stretched, when the tail retracts into its sheath (3). The wings are black, and so long that when at rest, they have one more fold than those in other bat families (4). Their shape means that the bat can fly fast and straight in forest gaps, such as over streams (3).
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Habitat

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With a body and wings adapted to foraging in forest gaps, the lesser sheath-tailed bat is found above streams and around tree falls where it can take advantage of its high speed, but poor in-flight agility. It is found in primary rainforest up to 1800 m, where it roosts in groups in large tree holes, rock crevices and at cave entrances. Each bat positions itself flat against the wall of its roost, using a forearm to prop itself up (2) (3), and will remain alert when roosting (4).
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Range

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The lesser sheath-tailed bat is found in southern Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, southern Sulawesi, and many offshore islands (5).
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Status

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Classified as Lower Risk – least concern (LR/lc) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1).
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Threats

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The rapid increase in land devoted to growing oil palm has resulted in extensive loss of primary forest. Together, Malaysia and Indonesia export 88% of the world's palm oil, for use in products such as margarine, lipstick and detergent. Deforestation continues at a steady rate for conversion to agricultural land and building communities, and despite the contribution of many bats in the control of insect crop pests, persecution of bats is also a threat (8).
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Ratpenat de cua de beina petit ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El ratpenat de cua de beina petit (Emballonura monticola) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids, que viu a Indonèsia, Malàisia i Tailàndia.

Referències

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Ratpenat de cua de beina petit Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Ratpenat de cua de beina petit: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El ratpenat de cua de beina petit (Emballonura monticola) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids, que viu a Indonèsia, Malàisia i Tailàndia.

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Malaiische Freischwanzfledermaus ( German )

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Die Malaiische Freischwanzfledermaus (Emballonura monticola) ist eine Art der Fledermäuse innerhalb der Familie Glattnasen-Freischwänze (Emballonuridae).

Sie wird oft mit der Kleinen Asiatischen Freischwanzfledermaus (Emballonura alecto) verwechselt, da beide Arten nebeneinander auf der Insel Borneo vorkommen.

Merkmale

Die Art erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 40 bis 60 mm und eine Schwanzlänge von 10 mm. Die Flügelspannweite liegt bei 160 bis 180 mm. Das Fell dieser Fledermäuse ist am Rücken braun, auf der Bauchseite heller gefärbt in braun oder grau-braun, bis cremefarben. Oft kommen rötliche Schattierungen vor. Die für die Familie typischen sackartigen Drüsen kommen bei allen Arten vor.

Zusätzlich haben alle Arten der Familie zwischen den Hinterpfoten eine Flughaut. Der Schwanz ragt durch ein kleines Loch in der Flughaut der Hinterpfoten hervor. Die Fledermaus kann durch Bewegungen der Hinterpfoten die bewegliche Schwanzflughaut (Uropatagium) während des Flugs hin und her bewegen. Möglicherweise verbessert dies ihr Flugverhalten.

Verbreitung und Habitat

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet

Die Malaiische Freischwanzfledermaus kommt von Thailand, über Java, Sumatra und Borneo bis nach Malaysia vor. Sie sind in vielen Habitaten, wie Wäldern oder offenen Landschaften zu finden, im Besonderen jedoch in Regenwäldern. Als Ruheplätze werden vorzugsweise Höhlen, Felsspalten und Hohlräume umgefallener Bäume genutzt.

Lebensweise

Wie die meisten Fledermäuse sind Malaiische Freischwanzfledermäuse nachtaktiv. Bei Einbruch der Dämmerung machen sich alle Tiere einer Gruppe (ca. zwölf Tiere) gleichzeitig auf die Nahrungssuche und kehren gegen Sonnenaufgang wieder zurück.

Sie jagen in den Baumwipfeln meist kleinere Insekten und verzehren außerdem Früchte und Blüten, wobei sie eine Bestäuberrolle übernehmen. Später in der Nacht fliegen sie niedriger. Die Arten kommunizieren mit schrillen Rufen und stoßen Klicklaute aus.

Fortpflanzung

Das Fortpflanzungsverhalten ist für diese Tiere wenig bekannt und variiert zwischen den Arten. Wahrscheinlich haben Malaiische Freischwanzfledermäuse keine feste Paarungszeit und die Fortpflanzung ist ganzjährig möglich. Das Weibchen wirft jeweils nur ein Junges, was nach etwa vier Monaten Tragzeit geboren wird.

Status

Allgemein kommen Malaiische Freischwanzfledermäuse häufig vor. Die Weltnaturschutzunion (IUCN) listet Emballonura monticola als nicht gefährdet (LC), ein. Jedoch ist durch den Verlust des Lebensraums Regenwald eine abnehmende Tendenz festzustellen (Decreasing).[1]

Literatur

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker’s Mammals of the World. Band 1. 6. Auflage. 1999.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Emballonuridae in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN.
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Malaiische Freischwanzfledermaus: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Malaiische Freischwanzfledermaus (Emballonura monticola) ist eine Art der Fledermäuse innerhalb der Familie Glattnasen-Freischwänze (Emballonuridae).

Sie wird oft mit der Kleinen Asiatischen Freischwanzfledermaus (Emballonura alecto) verwechselt, da beide Arten nebeneinander auf der Insel Borneo vorkommen.

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Lesser sheath-tailed bat

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The lesser sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura monticola) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae.[2] It is found in the Malay Peninsula (including Myanmar and Thailand), Borneo, and many other parts of the Indonesian Archipelago including Sulawesi, Java, and Sumatra.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Bates, P.J.J.; Francis, C.M.; Kingston, T. (2021). "Emballonura monticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7674A22134864. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T7674A22134864.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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Lesser sheath-tailed bat: Brief Summary

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The lesser sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura monticola) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. It is found in the Malay Peninsula (including Myanmar and Thailand), Borneo, and many other parts of the Indonesian Archipelago including Sulawesi, Java, and Sumatra.

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Emballonura monticola ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Emballonura monticola es una especie de murciélago de la familia Emballonuridae.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en Indonesia, Malasia y Tailandia.

Referencias

  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.

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Emballonura monticola: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Emballonura monticola es una especie de murciélago de la familia Emballonuridae.

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Emballonura monticola ( Basque )

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Emballonura monticola Emballonura generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Emballonurinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Temminck (1838) 5 Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. 25. or..

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

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Emballonura monticola: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Emballonura monticola Emballonura generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Emballonurinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago

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Emballonura monticola ( Italian )

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Emballonura monticola (Temminck, 1838) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi diffuso nell'Ecozona orientale.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 43 e 45 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 11 e 14 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 12 e 13 mm e un peso fino a 5,5 g.[3]

Aspetto

La pelliccia è liscia e brillante. Le parti dorsali variano dal bruno-rossastro al marrone scuro, mentre le parti ventrali sono marroni. Il muso è appuntito, con il labbro superiore che si estende leggermente oltre quello inferiore, le narici sono ravvicinate, si aprono frontalmente e sono separate da un piccolo cuscinetto triangolare. Gli occhi sono piccoli. Le orecchie sono corte, separate tra loro, triangolari, rivolte posteriormente e con una concavità sul bordo esterno appena sotto la punta. Il trago è stretto e con l'estremità arrotondata. Le membrane alari sono nerastre e attaccate posteriormente alla base dei piedi. I piedi sono piccoli. La coda è lunga e fuoriesce dall'uropatagio a circa metà della sua lunghezza. Il calcar è molto lungo.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si rifugia in gruppi fino a 100 individui nelle grotte calcaree, fenditure rocciose e sotto tronchi abbattuti.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di insetti catturati nella foresta. Occasionalmente è stata osservata nutrirsi anche di piccoli frutti..

Riproduzione

Danno alla luce un piccolo due volte l'anno tra febbraio e marzo e da ottobre a novembre. Alla nascita pesano circa un quarto del peso della madre.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa nel Myanmar meridionale, Thailandia peninsulare, Penisola malese, Sumatra, Isole Riau, Bangka, Belitung, Enggano; isole lungo le coste sud-orientali della penisola malese: Pulau Redang, Pulau Perhentian Besar, Pulau Tioman Babi Besar; Isole Batu, Nias, Giava, Sulawesi, Buton e Borneo.

Vive nelle foreste secondarie fino a 330 metri di altitudine.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa e la presenza in diverse aree protette, classifica E.monticola come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Bates, P., Francis, C. & Kingston, T. 2008, Emballonura monticola, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Emballonura monticola, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Francis, 2008.

Bibliografia

  • B. Lekagul & J.A. McNeely, Mammals of Thailand, Bangkok, 1977, ISBN 9748680614.
  • Charles M.Francis & Junaidi Payne, A Field guide to the Mammals of Borneo, Sabah Society, Malaysia, 1985, ISBN 9789679994711.
  • Charles M.Francis, A Guide to the Mammals of Southeast Asia, Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 9780691135519.

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Emballonura monticola: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Emballonura monticola (Temminck, 1838) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi diffuso nell'Ecozona orientale.

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Emballonura monticola ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Emballonura monticola is een zoogdier uit de familie van de schedestaartvleermuizen (Emballonuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Temminck in 1838.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
06-08-2012
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Upiór górski ( Polish )

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Upiór górski[3] (Emballonura monticola) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny upiorowatych (Emballonuridae)[4].

Średnie wymiary

  • Długość ciała - 4-6 cm
  • Rozpiętość skrzydeł - 16-18 cm
  • Długość ogona - 1 cm

Występowanie

Występuje w wilgotnych lasach równikowych Azji, Tajlandii do Malezji, oraz na wyspach Borneo, Jawa, Sumatra i Celebes.

Tryb życia

Upiór górski przysypia dzień w dziuplach lub szczelinach skalnych, zwykle w zwartych grupach liczących około 12 osobników. O zmroku wszystkie jednocześnie wyruszają w poszukiwaniu pokarmu, i mniej więcej wraz ze wschodem słońca powracają na ich obyte miejsce. Polują na owady w koronach drzew, a ponadto zjadają również owoce i kwiaty.

Rozmnażanie

O rozrodzie tych zwierząt wiadomo niewiele, ale prawdopodobnie nie mają żadnego stałego okresu godowego. Samica zawsze rodzi 1 młode.

Przypisy

  1. Emballonura monticola, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Bates, P., Francis, C. & Kingston, T. 2008, Emballonura monticola [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2015-3 [dostęp 2015-10-01] (ang.).
  3. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 99. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Emballonura monticola. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2013-07-11]
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Upiór górski: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Upiór górski (Emballonura monticola) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny upiorowatych (Emballonuridae).

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Emballonura monticola ( Portuguese )

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Emballonura monticola é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Pode ser encontrada na Indonésia, Malásia e Tailândia.

Referências

  1. Bates, P.J.J.; Francis, C.M.; Kingston, T. (2021). «Emballonura monticola». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2021: e.T7674A22134864. doi:. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2021
  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
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Emballonura monticola: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Emballonura monticola é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Pode ser encontrada na Indonésia, Malásia e Tailândia.

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Emballonura monticola ( Swedish )

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Emballonura monticola[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Coenraad Jacob Temminck 1838. Emballonura monticola ingår i släktet Emballonura och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]

Arten är med en längd av 40 till 45 mm och en vikt av 4 till 5 g en av de mindre medlemmarna av sitt släkte. Den når en vingspann av 260 till 265 mm. Fladdermusens päls är på ovansidan rödbrun till mörkbrun och vid buken ljusare brun. Flygmembranen har en svart färg. Huvudet kännetecknas av trekantiga öron, ganska stora ögon samt avsaknaden av en hudflik (blad) vid näsan. Svansen är delvis gömd i den del av flygmembranen som ligger mellan bakbenen. Liksom andra arter av samma släkte har Emballonura monticola fyra övre framtänder och knölarna på molarerna bildar ett W.[6]

Enligt en annan källa blir arten betydlig större med en vikt mellan 30 och 40 g.[7]

Denna fladdermus förekommer i SydostasienMalackahalvön, på Sumatra, på Borneo, på Java, på Sulawesi och på flera mindre öar i regionen. Arten lever i låglandet och i kulliga områden. Habitatet utgörs av olika slags skogar.[1]

Individerna vilar i kalkstensgrottor, i bergssprickor under omkullkastade träd och i hålrum som skapades av människor (gruvor, tunnlar). Där bildas kolonier med 50 till 100 medlemmar.[1]

Arten jagar olika insekter under natten eller sällan på dagen (i skuggiga skogsområden). Den hittar sina byten med hjälp av ekolokalisering. I viss mån ingår frukter i födan. Hos de flesta populationer förekommer två parningstider, en i februari och mars och den andra i oktober och november. Honan föder allmänt en unge per kull. Ungen håller sig fast i moderns päls och följer med under flyget. Ungefär efter ett år blir ungen självständig.[6]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Emballonura monticola Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Emballonura monticola
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (27 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/emballonura+monticola/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ [a b] K. Kraemer (27 april 2011). ”Lesser sheath-tailed bat” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Emballonura_monticola/. Läst 23 april 2016.
  7. ^ Ronald M. Nowak, red (1999). ”Old World Sheat-tailed Bats” (på engelska). Walker’s Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press. sid. 310-312. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9

Externa länkar

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wikipedia SV

Emballonura monticola: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV


Emballonura monticola är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Coenraad Jacob Temminck 1838. Emballonura monticola ingår i släktet Emballonura och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Arten är med en längd av 40 till 45 mm och en vikt av 4 till 5 g en av de mindre medlemmarna av sitt släkte. Den når en vingspann av 260 till 265 mm. Fladdermusens päls är på ovansidan rödbrun till mörkbrun och vid buken ljusare brun. Flygmembranen har en svart färg. Huvudet kännetecknas av trekantiga öron, ganska stora ögon samt avsaknaden av en hudflik (blad) vid näsan. Svansen är delvis gömd i den del av flygmembranen som ligger mellan bakbenen. Liksom andra arter av samma släkte har Emballonura monticola fyra övre framtänder och knölarna på molarerna bildar ett W.

Enligt en annan källa blir arten betydlig större med en vikt mellan 30 och 40 g.

Denna fladdermus förekommer i SydostasienMalackahalvön, på Sumatra, på Borneo, på Java, på Sulawesi och på flera mindre öar i regionen. Arten lever i låglandet och i kulliga områden. Habitatet utgörs av olika slags skogar.

Individerna vilar i kalkstensgrottor, i bergssprickor under omkullkastade träd och i hålrum som skapades av människor (gruvor, tunnlar). Där bildas kolonier med 50 till 100 medlemmar.

Arten jagar olika insekter under natten eller sällan på dagen (i skuggiga skogsområden). Den hittar sina byten med hjälp av ekolokalisering. I viss mån ingår frukter i födan. Hos de flesta populationer förekommer två parningstider, en i februari och mars och den andra i oktober och november. Honan föder allmänt en unge per kull. Ungen håller sig fast i moderns päls och följer med under flyget. Ungefär efter ett år blir ungen självständig.

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Emballonura monticola ( Ukrainian )

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Emballonura monticola — є одним з видів мішкокрилих кажанів родини Emballonuridae.

Поширення

Країни поширення: Індонезія, Малайзія, М'янма, Таїланд. Цей вид був записана від рівня моря до 330 м над рівнем моря. Лаштує сідала в вапнякових печерах, невеликих щілинах, під нависаючими скелями й деревами, що впали. Колонії можуть налічувати до 100 осіб.

Загрози та охорона

Немає серйозних загроз для цього виду. Локальними загрозами є руйнування печер через видобуток вапняку й вирубка лісів. Цей вид зустрічається в охоронних районах по всьому ареалу.

Посилання


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Emballonura monticola: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Emballonura monticola — є одним з видів мішкокрилих кажанів родини Emballonuridae.

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Emballonura monticola ( Vietnamese )

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Emballonura monticola là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Temminck mô tả năm 1838.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Emballonura monticola”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết dơi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Emballonura monticola: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Emballonura monticola là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Temminck mô tả năm 1838.

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작은대꼬리박쥐 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

작은대꼬리박쥐 또는 작은칼집꼬리박쥐(Emballonura monticola)는 대꼬리박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 말레이반도(미얀마타이 포함)와 보르네오섬(인도네시아말레이시아) 그리고 다수의 인도네시아 군도(술라웨시섬자와섬, 수마트라섬 등)에서 발견된다.[2][1] 현지에서 서식지 감소로 멸종 위협을 받고 있다.[2]

각주

  1. Simmons, N.B. (2005). 〈Order Chiroptera〉 [박쥐목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 312–529쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Bates, P., Francis, C. & Kingston, T. (2008). Emballonura monticola. 《IUCN 적색 목록》 (IUCN) 2008: e.T7674A12842797. 2016년 6월 8일에 확인함.
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