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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 15 years (captivity) Observations: One wild born specimen was at least 15 years when it died in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Conservation Status

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Since Petaurus australis is strongly tied to certain species of eucalypt trees, removal or damage to these trees results in habitat reduction. Eucalypt forests in Australia are cut for timber or cleared for agricultural purposes. It is also apparent that removal of old growth elements from unlogged forests or from previously lightly-logged forests results in a decline in density of these animals. Because the species requires a variety of trees to feed on in mixed forest over large home ranges, and because it needs hollow trees for nesting, its conservation requires the preservation of large tracts of forests.

Besides reduction of habitat from logging, there is evidence that expansion of rainforest into the wet sclerophyll forests preferred by Petaurus australis also has diminished its range. Rainforest expansion is believed to be due to a reduction in the intensity of fires along the western margins of rainforests, possibly caused by controlled burning of undergrowth by cattle ranchers. (Environment Australia Biodiversity Group; WIRES NSW; Harrington and Sanderson 1994; Lindenmayer et al., 1999)

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Ross Secord, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Ross Secord, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits

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nothing found

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Benefits

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Trophic Strategy

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The diet of Petaurus australis consists largely of nectar, pollen, and the sap of eucalypts. Sap is obtained by incising the bark on the upper branches and trunks of Eucalyptus resinifera trees and drinking the ooze. Some individual trees are clearly favored and become very heavily scarred. Its diet also includes insects, arachnids, grubs, and possibly small vertebrates. (WIRES NSW; Craig, 1985)

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Distribution

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Petaurus australis occurs in native eucalypt forests along the eastern and southeastern coasts of Australia in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria. It ranges inland as much as several hundred kilometers and has an extensive, but patchy distribution. It is generally found in low densities and considered rare throughout most of its range, although it can be locally common (e.g. as in east Gippsland). (Environment Australia Biodiversity Group, 1999)

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Habitat

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Petaurus australis lives in coastal and open foothill forest and woodland, and in wet eucalypt forests. In eastern Australia it lives only in tall, mature eucalypt forests in regions of high rainfall, with temperate to subtropical climates. The northern Queensland population lives in forests at high altitudes with lower temperatures. It occurs in greatest numbers in coastal and foothill forest and woodland, and in lesser numbers in wet eucalypt forests. Winter flowering eucalypts (e.g. Eucalyptus maculata) may be important in habitat preference in southern Queensland. High densities seen in New South Wales may correlate to a continuous supply of nectar due to a greater diversity of eucalypts. (Environment Australia Biodiversity Group; WIRES NSW)

Terrestrial Biomes: forest

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Life Expectancy

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
10.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
10.0 years.

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Morphology

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Body length in Petaurus australis ranges from 27 to 30 cm, and tail length ranges from 42 to 48 cm. Its pouch has two incompletely divided compartments divided by a well developed septum, a feature unique among marsupials. The fur is fine and silky. Its tail is prehensile and fully covered in fur. Its coloration is dusky gray-brown dorsally and creamy to yellowish-orange ventrally, with black feet and an oblique dark strip on its thigh. It has semi-naked ears and a pink nose. A gliding membrane is connected from its wrists and ankles. Males are larger than females. (WIRES NSW; Nowak, 1991)

Range mass: 435 to 710 g.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Secord, R. 2000. "Petaurus australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petaurus_australis.html
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Reproduction

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Mating has been observed while pairs were clinging to the underside of a branch. Females have two nipples in the incompletely divided pouch. Typically, females bear a single young, although twins have been observed. Breeding is limited to August through December in Victoria but occurs throughout the year in Queensland. Young are carried in the mother's pouch for about 100 days, after which time they are left in a nest for an additional 60 days. Both parents provide care for the young, which become independent after 18 to 24 months, and become sexually mature at about 2 years of age. (WIRES NSW; Nowak, 1991; Craig, 1985, Goldingay, 1992).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
725 days.

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Plaver kof melen ( Breton )

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Ar plaver kof melen (Petaurus australis) zo ur bronneg godellek a vev e reter Aostralia.

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Petaure de ventre groc ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El petaure de ventre groc (Petaurus australis) és una espècie de petaure,[1] aproximadament de la mida d'un conill. Sol tenir una esquena grisa-marró i un ventre blanc fosc a taronja, amb llargues orelles puntades i una llarga cua.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Petaure de ventre groc Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 54-55. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)
  2. Cronin, Leonard and Westmacott, Marion (il·lustradora). Key Guide to Australian Mammals. Reed Books Pty. Ltd., 1991, p. 64–65. ISBN 0-7301-0355-2.


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Petaure de ventre groc: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El petaure de ventre groc (Petaurus australis) és una espècie de petaure, aproximadament de la mida d'un conill. Sol tenir una esquena grisa-marró i un ventre blanc fosc a taronja, amb llargues orelles puntades i una llarga cua.

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Vakoveverka žlutobřichá ( Czech )

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Vakoveverka žlutobřichá (Petaurus australis) je vačnatec žijící v blahovičníkových lesích východní Austrálie, vystupuje až do nadmořské výšky 1400 m. Je největším druhem vakoveverek, dosahuje váhy až 700 gramů a délky okolo 30 cm (navíc má až půl metru dlouhý ocas). Dokáže napnout blány na bocích a snést se z větve na zem klouzavým letem dlouhým až 120 metrů. Žije společenským životem, tlupy ve dne přespávají v dutinách stromů a v noci vyrážejí za potravou. Živí se drobnými bezobratlými živočichy, oblíbenou pochoutkou vakoveverek je míza blahovičníků: vykusují do dřeva zářezy ve tvaru písmene V a zachycují stékající tekutinu. Dorozumívají se daleko slyšitelným hvízdáním. Pohlavní zralosti dosahují ve dvou letech, mládě tráví ve vaku okolo sto dní po porodu. Vakoveverka žlutobřichá se dožívá průměrně šesti let.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

Externí odkazy

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Vakoveverka žlutobřichá: Brief Summary ( Czech )

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Vakoveverka žlutobřichá (Petaurus australis) je vačnatec žijící v blahovičníkových lesích východní Austrálie, vystupuje až do nadmořské výšky 1400 m. Je největším druhem vakoveverek, dosahuje váhy až 700 gramů a délky okolo 30 cm (navíc má až půl metru dlouhý ocas). Dokáže napnout blány na bocích a snést se z větve na zem klouzavým letem dlouhým až 120 metrů. Žije společenským životem, tlupy ve dne přespávají v dutinách stromů a v noci vyrážejí za potravou. Živí se drobnými bezobratlými živočichy, oblíbenou pochoutkou vakoveverek je míza blahovičníků: vykusují do dřeva zářezy ve tvaru písmene V a zachycují stékající tekutinu. Dorozumívají se daleko slyšitelným hvízdáním. Pohlavní zralosti dosahují ve dvou letech, mládě tráví ve vaku okolo sto dní po porodu. Vakoveverka žlutobřichá se dožívá průměrně šesti let.

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Großer Gleithörnchenbeutler ( German )

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Der Große Gleithörnchenbeutler (Petaurus australis) ist ein auf Bäumen lebender (arboricoler) Gleithörnchenbeutler, dessen Verbreitungsgebiet sich im Osten Australiens befindet. Der Bestand ist rückläufig, aufgrund des großen Verbreitungsgebietes und des immer noch großen Bestandes stuft die IUCN den Großen Gleithörnchenbeutler aber noch als ungefährdet („least concern“) ein. Eine noch nicht bezeichnete Unterart in den Feuchttropen von Queensland gilt jedoch als gefährdet.[1]

Merkmale

Der Große Gleithörnchenbeutler ist ein Beuteltier von der Größe eines Kaninchens und die größte Art der Gattung Gleithörnchenbeutler. Er erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 25 bis 40 cm und ein Gewicht von 400 bis 750 g.[2] Das Fell ist am Rücken, über den sich ein schwarzer Aalstrich zieht, typischerweise grau-braun gefärbt und geht am Bauch in gebrochenes weiß zu orange bis gelb über. Gesicht, Arme, Füße, Schwanz und die Ränder der Gleitmembranen sind schwarz.[3] Er hat große spitze und kahle Ohren, eine rosa Nase[4] und einen bis zu 50 cm[2] langen flauschigen Schwanz.[5] Im Unterschied zu anderen Arten ist bei dem Großen Gleithörnchenbeutler der fünfte Finger länger als der vierte[6] und der Beutel ist durch eine pelzbesetzte Scheidewand zweigeteilt.[7]

Normalerweise sind die Männchen etwas schwerer als die Weibchen, ihre Kopf- und Körpergröße ist jedoch nur unwesentlich größer. Der Schwanz der Weibchen ist länger als beim Männchen.[3]

Die Art ähnelt dem Mahagoni-Gleitbeutler (Petaurus gracilis), obwohl sie ein wenig größer ist. Eine Ähnlichkeit besteht auch zum Riesengleitbeutler, eine Art, die eine nähere Verwandtschaft zum Lemurenringbeutler (Hemibelideus lemuroides) aufweist als zu den anderen Gattungen der Petauren.[8]

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Großen Gleithörnchenbeutlers nach IUCN.

Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Großen Gleithörnchenbeutlers sind gemäßigte bis subtropische, von Eukalyptus dominierte Hartlaubwälder im Osten Australiens. Entlang der Ostküste, vom Norden von Queensland, durch New South Wales, über Victoria bis zum Südosten von South Australia ist die Art weit- jedoch lückenhaft verbreitet. An den Grenzen ihres Verbreitungsgebietes, im Norden von Queensland und an der Grenze von Victoria und South Australia gibt es isolierte Populationen.[9][6] Der Große Gleithörnchenbeutler findet sich in offenen Küstenwäldern und in Vorgebirgswäldern mit alten und hohen Bäumen.[6][10]

Die Vorkommen der noch nicht bezeichneten Unterart der Wet Tropics sind auf ein schmales Band von feuchten, offenen Eukalyptuswäldern beschränkt. Der Bereich in dem drei Hauptpopulationen existieren, befindet sich zwischen dem Yamanie Creek Einzugsgebiet, 70 km westlich von Cardwell, und dem Mount Windsor Tableland. Das Gebiet ist ein Ökoton zwischen Regenwald und trockenerem Wald in dem zwei Schlüsselressourcen für die Art, Eucalyptus grandis zum Anlegen der Nisthöhle und Eucalyptus resinifera als Nahrungsgrundlage, vorkommen.[1]

Lebensweise

Der Große Gleithörnchenbeutler kann durch seine Gleitmembranen bis zu 150 m[11] durch die Luft gleiten. Er lebt gewöhnlich in Familiengruppen von 4 bis 5 Tieren, auch wenn vom hohen Norden von Queensland größere Ansammlungen bekannt sind.[2] Die Tiere sind nachtaktiv und verbringen den Tag in einer mit Blättern ausgekleideten Baumhöhle, welche typischerweise mit Artgenossen geteilt wird. Erst in der Dämmerung wird die Futtersuche, typischerweise alleine, begonnen.

Außerdem ist er einer der lautesten Gleithörnchenbeutler. Die Rufe mit denen er anderen Gruppen seine Anwesenheit anzeigt können bis zu einem halben Kilometer weit zu hören sein.[12] Die Art erzeugt etwa 17 verschiedene Lautäußerungen wie lautes Gekreische, lange gurgelnde Rufe und weiches, bukkales Klicken.[6]

Fortpflanzung und Lebenserwartung

Die Fortpflanzung findet im Süden im Frühling statt, im Norden von Queensland ganzjährig. Im Alter von ungefähr zwei Jahren tritt die Geschlechtsreife ein, zu diesem Zeitpunkt findet auch die erste Paarung statt.[4] Die Tiere leben normalerweise in einer monogamen Partnerschaft und paaren sich von August bis Dezember.[4] Der Nachwuchs wird in der Regel zwischen Mai und September zur Welt gebracht. Dieser bleibt dann für rund 100 Tage im Beutel (Marsupium) der Mutter. Die Jungen verbringen dann zwei bis drei Monate in der Höhle, bevor sie von der Mutter entwöhnt werden und ihr Leben eigenständig führen.[4] In der Höhle findet geteilte Brutpflege zwischen Mutter und Vater statt.[4] Die Höhlen befinden sich meist in Eukalyptusbäumen (Eucalyptus grandis) und werden mit Blättern ausgelegt.

Vom Großen Gleithörnchenbeutler ist bekannt, dass er in freier Natur eine Lebenserwartung von mindestens sechs Jahren hat. In Gefangenschaftshaltung wird er bis zu zehn Jahre alt.[7]

Ernährung

Die Nahrung besteht aus Nektar, Honigtau, Insekten, Pollen und verschiedenen Baumsäften von Arten der Gattungen Eukalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora und Laphostemon.[9] Der Große Gleithörnchenbeutler gelangt an den Baumsaft, indem er eine „V“-förmige Kerbe in die Baumrinde beißt. Gewöhnlicherweise ritzt er den Baumstamm oder höhere Zweige ein.

Systematik

Es gibt, die noch nicht bezeichnete Unterart im Norden von Queensland[6] eingerechnet, drei Unterarten:

  • P. a. australis – im Süden, tritt lokal häufiger auf.
  • P. a. reginae Thomas, 1923 – Reliktpopulation im Norden von Queensland. Eher selten und bedroht durch Abholzung, das Fell an der Bauchseite ist heller.[13]
  • Petaurus australis unnamed subsp., der Yellow-bellied Glider (Wet Tropics) – Wet Tropics Bioregion von Queensland. Kleinere und leichtere Unterart, kann am Rücken dunkler gefärbt sein.[1]

Bestand, Gefährdung und Schutz

Hauptgefährdung ist die Lebensraumzerstörung durch Abholzung und Umwandlung in landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen. Der Bestand ist rückläufig, aufgrund des großen und fragmentierten Verbreitungsgebietes. Die IUCN stuft den Großen Gleithörnchenbeutler aber noch als ungefährdet (“least concern”) ein, da naturschützende Maßnahmen in Bezug auf Forstwirtschaft und Feuer-Management angestrebt werden.[10]

Eine noch nicht bezeichnete Unterart in den Feuchttropen von Queensland, der Yellow-bellied Glider (Wet Tropics), gilt jedoch als gefährdet und ist im Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 und im Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 gelistet. Sie ist hauptsächlich durch eine sich verändernde Vegetation wegen einer sich ändernden Feueraktivität (Feuerregime) und anderen Faktoren, sowie durch Verlust und Fragmentierung ihres Lebensraumes bedroht. Ein Plan zum Schutz der Art sieht ein Brandmanagement, den Schutz des Lebensraumes und die Untersuchung weiterer Einflüsse auf den Bestand vor.[1]

Literatur

  • Leonard Cronin: Key Guide to Australian Mammals. Reed Books, Sydney 1991, ISBN 0-7301-0355-2.
  • John van der Beld: Nature of Australia – A portrait of the island continent. William Collins / ABC Enterprises for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Sydney 1988, ISBN 0-7333-0241-6.
  • Rupert Russell: Spotlight on Possums. University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, Queensland 1980, ISBN 0-7022-1478-7.
  • Ellis Troughton: Furred Animals of Australia. Angus and Robertson, Sydney 1941. (überarbeitete Nachauflage: 1973, ISBN 0-207-12256-3)
  • Michael und Irene Morcombe: Mammals of Australia. Australian Universities Press, Sydney 1974, ISBN 0-7249-0017-9.
  • W. D. L. Ride: A Guide to the Native Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, Melbourne 1970, ISBN 0-19-550252-3.
  • Vincent Serventy: Wildlife of Australia. Thomas Nelson, Melbourne 1968. (überarbeitete Nachauflage: 1977, ISBN 0-17-005168-4)
  • Vincent Serventy (Hrsg.): Australia’s Wildlife Heritage. Paul Hamlyn, Sydney 1975.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d National recovery plan for the yellow-bellied glider (Wet Tropics) Petaurus australis unnamed subspecies. (Memento vom 22. März 2012 im Internet Archive) (PDF; 456 kB) Queensland Department of Environment and Ressource Management, 2010
  2. a b c David Lindenmayer: Gliders of Australia: A Natural History. University of New South Wales Press, 2003, ISBN 0-86840-523-X, S. 7.
  3. a b Lee Curtis: Queensland’s Threatened Animals. Csiro Publishing, 2012, ISBN 978-0-643-09614-1, S. 370.
  4. a b c d e Ross Secord: Petaurus australisyellow-bellied glider. animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
  5. Leonard Cronin, Marion Westmacott (Ill.): Key Guide to Australian Mammals. Reed Books, 1991, ISBN 0-7301-0355-2, S. 64–65.
  6. a b c d e Stephen Jackson: Gliding Mammals of the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2012, ISBN 978-0-643-09260-0, S. 34.
  7. a b Ronald M. Nowak: Walker’s Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9, S. 139.
  8. Peter Menkhorst, Frank Knight: A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-19-550870-X, S. 94–95.
  9. a b Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger: Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 2: Wirbel- oder Schädeltiere. Spektrum, 2004, ISBN 3-8274-0900-4, S. 497.
  10. a b Großer Gleithörnchenbeutler auf der Red List der IUCN
  11. Cath Jones, Steve Parish: Field Guide to Australian Mammals. Steve Parish Publishing, ISBN 1-74021-743-8, S. 86, 88.
  12. Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe: Life of Marsupials. Csiro Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-643-06257-2, S. 213–218.
  13. Meredeth Brown: Socioecology and phylogeography of the Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis). Dissertation (Ph.D.), University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006.
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Großer Gleithörnchenbeutler: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Große Gleithörnchenbeutler (Petaurus australis) ist ein auf Bäumen lebender (arboricoler) Gleithörnchenbeutler, dessen Verbreitungsgebiet sich im Osten Australiens befindet. Der Bestand ist rückläufig, aufgrund des großen Verbreitungsgebietes und des immer noch großen Bestandes stuft die IUCN den Großen Gleithörnchenbeutler aber noch als ungefährdet („least concern“) ein. Eine noch nicht bezeichnete Unterart in den Feuchttropen von Queensland gilt jedoch als gefährdet.

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Yellow-bellied glider

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The yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis), also known as the fluffy glider, is an arboreal and nocturnal gliding possum that lives in native eucalypt forests in eastern Australia, from northern Queensland south to Victoria.[3][4][5][6]

Habitat

The yellow-bellied glider inhabits forests and woodlands in eastern Australia and is found at a range of altitudes from sea level to 1400 metres.[7][8]

In North Queensland, the sub-species occurs at altitudes over 700 m above sea level.[9] With natural discontinuities and habitat clearings, there are 13 different populations in three distinct places to find this glider in North Queensland. One population resides on Mount Windsor Tableland, another on Mount Carbine Tableland, and the third lives in a linear habitat going from Atherton to Kirrama on the Atherton Tableland. These three populations together are estimated to contain around 6000 individual gliders.[9] With their habitat in danger, the yellow-bellied glider is classified as uncommon to rare and is named vulnerable to the tropics. This species is more widespread in southern Queensland, NSW and Victoria.

Appearance and behaviour

The yellow-bellied glider is a marsupial about the size of a rabbit. It typically has grey-brown fur on its back and has an off-white to orange or yellow belly. It has large pointed ears and a long tail that can grow to reach 48 cm in length.[9][10] Its body length is smaller reaching to about 30 cm long and the marsupial weighs a total of 700 g.[9] The males are usually bigger than the females.[6]

There are two subspecies:

  • P. a. australis in the south (which is locally common)
  • P. a. reginae in northern Queensland (which is rare and threatened with logging)

The yellow-bellied glider is the largest species of Petaurus, the wrist-winged gliders, a group of arboreal marsupials, and can glide up to 150 m.[11] The yellow-bellied glider has been observed to jump up to 100 m[12] or 114 m.[6]

It is similar in appearance to the mahogany glider, although slightly larger in size. It is also similar in appearance to the greater glider, a species that is more closely related to the lemur-like ringtail possum than to the other members of the genus Petaurus.[13]

The yellow-bellied glider is gregarious and spends the day in a leaf-lined tree hole, which is usually shared with other members of the same family. It is also one of the most vocal possum gliders. It has a distinctive growling call that it uses as means of communication.[14] It has been recorded to have been heard up to 500m away.[12]

A recording of the distinctive call can be heard online.[15]

Reproduction

Yellow-bellied Glider

Breeding occurs in spring in the south, but throughout the year in Queensland in the north. Sexual maturity for the glider is around two years of age when the glider will then[6] pair up with another glider, usually in a monogamous relationship and mate August to December.[6] The offspring are normally born between May and September. They then stay in the marsupium for about 100 days. The young are then left in the den for 2–3 months before they are weaned from the mother and go off on their own.[6][12] While in the dens both parents will care for the offspring.[6]

In North Queensland the dens are made in Eucalyptus grandis trees[12] and are lined with leaves. Their total life expectancy is about six years.[12]

Diet

Yellow-bellied Glider

The yellow-bellied glider's diet consists of nectar, honeydew, insects, pollen and a wide spread of tree sap including different Eucalyptus sap, Corymbia sap, some Angophora sap, and Lophostemon sap.[3] It shows a strong preference for trees with a smooth bark, possibly relating to the volume of sap flow.[16] It obtains the tree sap by biting a 'V' shape wedge/notch into the bark to promote the flow of gum and sap.[14][17] It usually incises the bark on the trunks or upper branches of the trees.[6]

Conservation

Habitat loss and fragmentation due to timber-harvesting and agriculture are the main threats to this species. The previous felling of old nest trees together with regular proscribed fire regimes and general timber removal have led to a degradation of the remaining habitats.[2][18] Previously it had been listed as a species of "Least Concern" because of a wide distribution, including several protected areas. This listing was changed to "Near Threatened" in the 2016 IUCN Red List publication because of a population decrease of 30% over three generations.[2]

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 54–55. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c Woinarski, J.; Burbidge, A.A.; Johnson, C.N. (2016). "Petaurus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16730A21959641. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T16730A21959641.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Yellow-Bellied Glider" (PDF). Environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  4. ^ "Yellow-bellied glider – Petaurus australis facts". thewebsiteofeverything.com. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  5. ^ Gliding Possums – Environment, New South Wales Government
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Ross Secord. "ADW: Petaurus australis: INFORMATION". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  7. ^ Kavanagh, R.P.; Stanton, M.A. (1998). "Nocturnal forest birds and arboreal marsupials of the southwestern slopes, New South Wales". Australian Zoologist. 30 (4): 449–466. doi:10.7882/az.1998.012.
  8. ^ Kavanagh, Rodney P.; Bamkin, Khia L. (1995). "Distribution of nocturnal forest birds and mammals in relation to the logging mosaic in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia". Biological Conservation. 71: 41–53. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00019-M.
  9. ^ a b c d "Approved Conservation Advice for Petaurus australis unnamed subsp. (Fluffy Glider)" (PDF). Environment.gov.au. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  10. ^ Cronin, Leonard & Westmacott, Marion (illustrator) (1991). Key Guide to Australian Mammals. Reed Books Pty. Ltd. pp. 64–65. ISBN 0-7301-0355-2.
  11. ^ Jones, Cath & Parish, Steve (2006). Field Guide to Australian Mammals. Steve Parish Publishing Pty. Ltd. pp. 86, 88. ISBN 1-74021-743-8.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Fluffy Glider". australianfauna.com. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  13. ^ Menkhorst, Peter & Knight, Frank (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 0-19-550870-X.
  14. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ "Yellow Bellied Glider call - Sherbrooke Forest". Retrieved 15 March 2022 – via YouTube.
  16. ^ Bennett, Andrew F. (2016). "Eucalypts, wildlife and nature conservation: from individual trees to landscape patterns". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 128 (1): 71–86. doi:10.1071/RS16007.
  17. ^ Strahan, Ronald (1995). A Photographic Guide to Mammals of Australia. The Australian Museum, New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. p. 58. ISBN 1-85368-583-6.
  18. ^ Ryan, Michelle (General); Burwell, Chris (Scientific), eds. (June 2000). Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland. Queensland Museum. p. 338. ISBN 0-7242-9349-3.
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Yellow-bellied glider: Brief Summary

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The yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis), also known as the fluffy glider, is an arboreal and nocturnal gliding possum that lives in native eucalypt forests in eastern Australia, from northern Queensland south to Victoria.

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Petaurus australis ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El planeador de panza amarilla (Petaurus australis) es un marsupial nocturno de la familia de los petáuridos que vive en los bosques nativos de eucalipto en el este de Australia, en una gama de altitudes desde el nivel del mar hasta 1.400 metros, desde el norte de Queensland al sur de Victoria.[2][3][4][5]​ Suele tener una espalda gris-marrón y un vientre blanco oscuro a naranja, con largas orejas puntiagudas y una larga cola.[6]

Referencias

  1. Woinarski, J. «Petaurus australis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2016.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235.
  2. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/pnf/07355ybglider.pdf
  3. «Yellow-bellied glider - Petaurus australis facts». thewebsiteofeverything.com. Consultado el 13 de junio de 2015.
  4. Gliding Possums – Environment, New South Wales Government
  5. Ross Secord. «ADW: Petaurus australis: INFORMATION». Animal Diversity Web. Consultado el 13 de junio de 2015.
  6. Cronin, Leonard and Westmacott, Marion (ilustradora) (1991). Key Guide to Australian Mammals. Reed Books Pty. Ltd. pp. 64–65. ISBN 0-7301-0355-2.

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Petaurus australis: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El planeador de panza amarilla (Petaurus australis) es un marsupial nocturno de la familia de los petáuridos que vive en los bosques nativos de eucalipto en el este de Australia, en una gama de altitudes desde el nivel del mar hasta 1.400 metros, desde el norte de Queensland al sur de Victoria.​​​​ Suele tener una espalda gris-marrón y un vientre blanco oscuro a naranja, con largas orejas puntiagudas y una larga cola.​

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Petaurus australis ( Basque )

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Petaurus australis Petaurus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Petauridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Shaw (1791) 2 Nat. Misc. pl. 6. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Petaurus australis: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Petaurus australis Petaurus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Petauridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Petaurus australis ( French )

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Le Petaurus australis; en anglais : The Yellow-bellied Glider ou the Fluffy Glider est la plus grande espèce du genre Petaurus et la deuxième des planeurs.

Sous-espèces

  • Petaurus australis australis est commun dans le Sud de l'Australie
  • Petaurus australis reginae est rare et se trouve dans le Nord du Queensland

Description

Il a une longueur de 30 cm pour la tête et le corps alors que la queue mesure 45 cm. Il pèse 450 à 700 g. Il a un pelage gris ou brun avec un ventre crème virant à l'orange lorsque l'animal vieillit. Il a de grandes oreilles pointues, dénudées, d'un gris rose et une raie noire proéminente depuis le front jusqu'au dos. Il a une membrane de peau s'étendant depuis le poignet jusqu'à la cheville qui lui permet de planer. Il n'y a pas d'accord pour savoir si sa queue est préhensile ou non. Il émet plusieurs cris dont un cri rauque, caractéristique [1].

Répartition et habitat

On le trouve depuis la côte Est de l'Australie jusqu'à l'Ouest de la Great Dividing Range, depuis le Sud du Queensland au Nord jusqu'à l'État de Victoria, au Sud. Il vit surtout dans les forêts d'eucalyptus des régions humides mais peut se trouver dans des régions plus sèches. ⁷

Mode de vie

C'est un animal nocturne, arboricole qui vit en couple ou en petites bandes de 2 à 6 individus. Il est très mobile et se déplace beaucoup selon les saisons. Il peut planer sur 150 m.

Alimentation

Il se nourrit de miel, de nectar, de la sève des eucalyptus et autres arbres qu'il recueille en entaillant l'écorce avec ses incisives, laissant une trace en V indélébile très reconnaissable.

Reproduction

Il fait son nid dans la cime des arbres. Quoique la femelle ait une poche marsupiale double, séparée par un septum, elle n'a généralement qu'un petit par portée et par an.

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Petaurus australis: Brief Summary ( French )

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Le Petaurus australis; en anglais : The Yellow-bellied Glider ou the Fluffy Glider est la plus grande espèce du genre Petaurus et la deuxième des planeurs.

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Petaurus australis ( Italian )

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Il petauro dal ventre giallo (Petaurus australis), noto anche come petauro dello zucchero dal ventre giallo, è un piccolo mammifero notturno che vive nelle foreste di eucalipti. È autoctono dell'Australia orientale.[1][2][3][4]

Habitat

Abita nelle foreste e nei boschi dell'Australia orientale e si trova a diverse altitudini: dal livello del mare fino a 1400 metri.[5][6]

Nel Queensland settentrionale, la sottospecie si trova ad altitudini superiori a 700 metri sul livello del mare.[7] Ne esistono 13 diverse popolazioni in tre luoghi distinti nel Queensland settentrionale, una risiede sull'altopiano del Monte Windsor, un'altra sull'altopiano del Monte Carbine e la terza vive in un habitat lineare che va da Atherton a Kirrama sull'altopiano di Atherton. Si stima che queste tre popolazioni insieme contino un totale di circa 6000 esemplari.[7] Con il loro habitat in pericolo, il petauro dal ventre giallo è classificato "raro" ed è particolarmente vulnerabile ai tropici. Il petauro è più diffuso nel Queensland meridionale, Nuovo Galles del Sud e Victoria.

Aspetto e comportamento

Il petauro dal ventre giallo è un marsupiale delle dimensioni di un coniglio. In genere ha una pelliccia grigio-marrone sul dorso ed un ventre che può essere bianco sporco, arancione o giallo. Ha grandi orecchie appuntite ed una lunga coda che può crescere fino a raggiungere i 48 cm.[7][8] La lunghezza del corpo è inferiore rispetto la coda, arrivando a circa 30 cm. Il peso medio è di circa 700 grammi[7] e i maschi sono generalmente più grandi delle femmine.[4]

Esistono due sottospecie:

  • Petaurus australis australis nel sud (che è localmente comune)
  • Petaurus australis reginae nel Queensland settentrionale (che è raro e minacciato dal disboscamento)

Il petauro dal ventre giallo è la specie più grande dei Petaurus, appartiene a un gruppo di marsupiali arboricoli e può planare fino a 150 metri.[9] Questo marsupiale è stato osservato saltare fino a 100 m[10] e talvolta anche 114 metri.[4]

È simile per morfologia sia al petuaro del mogano, anche se di dimensioni leggermente maggiori, sia al petauro maggiore. Una specie a cui è più strettamente correlato è il "lemure a coda rigata" piuttosto che ad altri membri del genere Petaurus.[11]

Il petauro dal ventre giallo è gregario, difatti insieme al petauro dello zucchero è l'unico petauro socievole, trascorre la giornata in una zona alberata e bordata di foglie che di solito è condivisa con altri membri della sua stessa famiglia. Ha un caratteristico richiamo ringhiante che usa come mezzo di comunicazione[12] che può essere udito fino a 500 metri di distanza.[10]

Riproduzione

La riproduzione avviene in primavera nel sud, mentre in tutto l'anno nel Queensland, a nord. La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta all'età di circa due anni, quando avviene l'accoppiamento.[4] Solitamente è monogamo ed il periodo di accoppiamento va da agosto a dicembre.[4] La prole nasce normalmente tra maggio e settembre, e rimane poi nel marsupio per circa 100 giorni. I piccoli vengono quindi lasciati nella tana per 2-3 mesi prima di essere svezzati dalla madre.[4][10] Prima di essere svezzati totalmente permangono nella tana ed entrambi i genitori si prendono cura di loro.[4]

Nel Queensland settentrionale le tane sono realizzate su alberi di Eucalyptus grandis[10] e sono rivestite di foglie. La loro aspettativa di vita (allo stato brado) è di circa sei anni.[10]

Dieta

La dieta del petauro dal ventre giallo consiste in nettare, melata, insetti, polline e linfa degli alberi, tra cui linfa di eucalipto, di Corymbia, di Angophora e di Lophostemon.[1] Mostra una forte preferenza per alberi con corteccia liscia, possibilmente in relazione al volume del flusso di linfa.[13] Ottiene la linfa dell'albero mordendo la corteccia per creare un cuneo/tacca a forma di "V" per favorire il flusso di gomma e linfa.[12][14] Di solito incide la corteccia nella parte alta dei tronchi o sui rami superiori degli alberi.[4]

L'incisione sarà poi sfruttata anche dal petauro dello zucchero, il quale non ha la forza necessaria per rompere la corteccia con i denti.

Conservazione

La perdita e la frammentazione del suo habitat, dovuta prevalentemente alla raccolta di legname e all'agricoltura, è la principale minaccia per questa specie. Il disboscamento di vecchi alberi dove i petauri nidificano, insieme all'assenza di regolari regimi antincendio e alla rimozione generale del legname, ha portato ad un degrado degli habitat rimanenti.[15] In precedenza era stato classificato come una specie a "rischio minimo" per causa di un'ampia distribuzione con l'ulteriore presenza di diverse aree protette. Questo elenco è stato successivamente modificato in "prossimo alla minaccia" nella pubblicazione sulla Lista Rossa IUCN del 2016 a causa di una diminuzione della popolazione del 30% in tre generazioni.

Note

  1. ^ a b Yellow-Bellied Glider
  2. ^ Petaurus australis, su thewebsiteofeverything.com. URL consultato il 13 giugno 2015.
  3. ^ Gliding Possums – Environment, New South Wales Government
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Ross Secord, Petaurus australis, su animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu. URL consultato il 13 giugno 2015.
  5. ^ Nocturnal forest birds and arboreal marsupials of the southwestern slopes, New South Wales, vol. 30, 1998, DOI:10.7882/az.1998.012.
  6. ^ Distribution of nocturnal forest birds and mammals in relation to the logging mosaic in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia, vol. 71, 1995, DOI:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00019-M.
  7. ^ a b c d Conservation advice
  8. ^ Cronin, Leonard e Westmacott, Marion (illustrator), Key Guide to Australian Mammals, Reed Books Pty. Ltd., 1991, pp. 64–65, ISBN 0-7301-0355-2.
  9. ^ Jones, Cath e Parish, Steve, Field Guide to Australian Mammals, Steve Parish Publishing Pty. Ltd., 2006, pp. 86, 88, ISBN 1-74021-743-8.
  10. ^ a b c d e Fluffy Glider, su australianfauna.com. URL consultato il 13 giugno 2015.
  11. ^ Menkhorst, Peter e Knight, Frank, A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 94–95, ISBN 0-19-550870-X.
  12. ^ a b Gliders (PDF), su environment.sa.gov.au. URL consultato il 12 maggio 2010.
  13. ^ Eucalypts, wildlife and nature conservation: from individual trees to landscape patterns, vol. 128, DOI:10.1071/RS16007.
  14. ^ Strahan, Ronald, A Photographic Guide to Mammals of Australia, The Australian Museum, New Holland (Publishers) Ltd., 1995, p. 58, ISBN 1-85368-583-6.
  15. ^ Ryan, Michelle (General) (a cura di), Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland, Queensland Museum, giugno 2000, p. 338, ISBN 0-7242-9349-3.
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Petaurus australis: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il petauro dal ventre giallo (Petaurus australis), noto anche come petauro dello zucchero dal ventre giallo, è un piccolo mammifero notturno che vive nelle foreste di eucalipti. È autoctono dell'Australia orientale.

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Grote suikereekhoorn ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De grote of geelbuiksuikereekhoorn (Petaurus australis) is een klimbuideldier uit het geslacht der suikereekhoorns (Petaurus).

Kenmerken

Net als andere suikereekhoorns is deze soort een eekhoornachtig buideldier dat in staat is tot zweven. De bovenkant van het lichaam is grijs, de onderkant geelachtig. De ledematen en de achterste helft van de staart zijn zwart. De staart is lang en harig. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 270 tot 320 mm, de staartlengte 430 tot 480 mm, de oorlengte 52 tot 63 mm en het gewicht 450 tot 700 g.

Leefwijze

De grote suikereekhoorn is een sociale soort; het dier leeft in groepen, waarvan de leden communiceren door te roepen. Hij eet insecten en plantaardig voedsel (onder andere nectar, stuifmeel). Het dier komt aan eucalyptussap door met de voortanden een karakteristieke indruk te maken in de bast van de boom.

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor langs de oostkust van Australië van Mackay (Queensland) tot Melbourne (Victoria), met geïsoleerde populaties tussen Mount Windsor en Cardwel in Noordoost-Queensland (de ondersoort reginae Thomas, 1923) in de Otway Range en in het zuidwesten van Victoria.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Diprotodontia. Pp. 43-70 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
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Grote suikereekhoorn: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De grote of geelbuiksuikereekhoorn (Petaurus australis) is een klimbuideldier uit het geslacht der suikereekhoorns (Petaurus).

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Petaurus australis ( Portuguese )

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Petaurus australis é uma espécie de marsupial da família Petauridae. Endêmica da Austrália.

Referências

  • GROVES, C. P. Order Diprotodontia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 43-70.
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Petaurus australis: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Petaurus australis é uma espécie de marsupial da família Petauridae. Endêmica da Austrália.

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Petaurus australis ( Swedish )

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Petaurus australis[2][3][4] är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av George Shaw 1791. Petaurus australis ingår i släktet Petaurus och familjen flygpungekorrar.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Utseende

Arten är med en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 27 till 30 cm, en svanslängd av 42 till 48 cm och en vikt av 435 till 710 g en av de större medlemmarna i släktet Petaurus. Den har liksom andra flygpungekorrar en flygmembran för att sväva i luften. Honans pung har en skiljande vägg (septum) i pungen (marsupium) men väggen sträcker sig inte över hela pungens längd. Den lena pälsen har på ovansidan en mörk gråbrun färg och undersidan är krämvit till gulorange. På ryggens mitt finns en mörk längsgående linje. Svansen kan användas som gripverktyg men den är helt täckt med hår. Petaurus australis har svarta händer och fötter samt en rosa nos.[7]

Utbredning och habitat

Pungdjuret förekommer i östra Australien. Arten vistas i öppna skogar och i annan fuktig vegetation med hårda blad. Honor föder en unge per kull.[1]

Ekologi

Petaurus australis är aktiv på natten och den vistas huvudsakligen i träd. Med hjälp av flygmembranen kan den glidflyga upp till 114 meter. På dagen vilar djuret i en hålighet i trädet som fodras med löv. Ofta bildar en vuxen hane, en eller två honor och deras ungar en liten flock. Arten äter främst nektar, pollen och trädens vätskor (vanligen från eukalyptusträd). För att komma åt vätskan skrapar flygpungekorren med framtänderna på trädet. I mindre mått ingår insekter och deras larver, spindeldjur och kanske små ryggradsdjur i födan.[7]

Parningen sker i Victoria mellan augusti och december och i Queensland hela året. Efter en kort dräktighet föds vanligen en och sällan två ungar. Ungen lever sedan cirka 100 dagar i moderns pung. De följande 60 dagar stannar ungen i boet. Efter att ungen lämnade pungen deltar även fadern i uppfostringen. Ungen blir efter 18 till 24 månader självständig och ungefär samtidig könsmogen.[7]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[5]

  • P. a. australis
  • P. a. reginae

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Petaurus australis Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ (1998) , website Petaurus australis, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
  5. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (14 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  7. ^ [a b c] R. Secord (14 april 2000). ”Yellow-bellied glider” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Petaurus_australis/. Läst 4 november 2015.

Externa länkar

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Petaurus australis: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Petaurus australis är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av George Shaw 1791. Petaurus australis ingår i släktet Petaurus och familjen flygpungekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Petaurus australis ( Ukrainian )

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Поширення

Живе у вузькому діапазоні евкаліптових лісів на низовинах Східної Австралії у штатах Квінсленд, Новий Південний Уельс та Вікторія .

Опис

Довжина тіла з головою досягає 45 см, а вага перевищує 1 кг, літальна перетинка доходить тільки до ліктя. Коли ширяє, передні лапи зігнуті, а кисті з кігтями стирчать назовні.

Спосіб життя

Цей кагуан є одинаком і харчується майже виключно листям евкаліпта, які потрапляють в дуже довгу сліпу кишку. Як і коала, він практично не п'є. Іноді спускається на землю, де рухається дуже незграбно і стає легкою здобиччю для лисиць або дінго.

Посилання


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Petaurus australis ( Vietnamese )

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Petaurus australis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Petauridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Shaw mô tả năm 1791.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Menkhorst, P., Winter, J., Elis, M., Denny, M., Burnett, S. & Lunney, D. (2008). Petaurus australis. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2008.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Petaurus australis”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Petaurus australis: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Petaurus australis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Petauridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Shaw mô tả năm 1791.

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Большая сумчатая летяга ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Сумчатые
Подотряд: Phalangeriformes
Надсемейство: Petauroidea
Семейство: Сумчатые летяги
Вид: Большая сумчатая летяга
Международное научное название

Petaurus australis Shaw, 1791

Подвиды[1]
  • P. a. australis Shaw, 1791
  • P. a. reginae Thomas, 1923
Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
на Викивидах
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ITIS 609840NCBI 282342EOL 323824

Большая сумчатая летяга[2], или гигантская сумчатая летяга[3] (лат. Petaurus australis) — сумчатое млекопитающие семейства сумчатых летяг.

Описание

Вид обитает в узком диапазоне эвкалиптовых лесов на низменностях Восточной Австралии в штатах Квинсленд, Новый Южный Уэльс и Виктория.

Длина тела достигает от 25 до 45 см, а масса от 400 до 750 г[4]. Окраска меха на спине серо-коричневого цвета, вдоль хребта тянется чёрная полоса. Брюхо светлое, белое или оранжевое. Морда, передние и задние конечности, хвост и края летательной перепонки чёрные. Самцы немного крупнее самок. Хвост самок длиннее, чем у самцов[5]. Летательная перепонка доходит только до локтя. Когда планирует, передние лапы согнуты, а кисти с когтями торчат наружу. Способна планировать на расстояние до 150 м[6].

Обычно живёт семейными группами по 4—5 особей. Ведёт ночной образ жизни, укрываясь днём в дупле дерева с другими сородичами. Поиски корма начинаются в сумерки, обычно в одиночку. Связь с сородичами поддерживает при помощи громких криков, которых насчитывается 17 различных видов[7].

Половая зрелость наступает в возрасте примерно 2 лет. Животные создают моногамную пару и спариваются с августа по декабрь. Потомство появляется с мая по сентябрь. 100 дней детёныши проводят в сумке матери. Затем 2—3 месяца они проводят в укрытии, пока не будут отлучены от матери и не начнут вести самостоятельную жизнь. В укрытии и самец и самка делят между собой заботу о потомстве[8]. Часто укрытием являются дупла эвкалиптов (Eucalyptus grandis), выстланные листьями.

Продолжительность жизни в природе составляет 6 лет, в неволе — 10 лет[9].

Питается нектаром, медвяной падью, насекомыми, пыльцой и разными соками деревьев из родов эвкалипт, Corymbia, ангофора и Laphostemon[10].

Примечания

  1. Wilson D. E. & Reeder D. M. (eds). Mammal Species of the World. — 3rd ed. — Johns Hopkins University Press[en], 2005. — Vol. 1. — P. 743. — ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 436. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
  3. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 20. — 10 000 экз.
  4. David Lindenmayer: Gliders of Australia: A Natural History. University of New South Wales Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-86840-523-0, S. 7.
  5. Lee Curtis: Queensland’s Threatened Animals. Csiro Publishing, 2012, ISBN 978-0-643-09614-1, S. 370.
  6. Cath Jones, Steve Parish: Field Guide to Australian Mammals. Steve Parish Publishing, ISBN 1-74021-743-8, S. 86, 88.
  7. Stephen Jackson: Gliding Mammals of the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2012, ISBN 978-0-643-09260-0, S. 34.
  8. Ross Secord: Petaurus australisyellow-bellied glider
  9. Ronald M. Nowak: Walker’s Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8, S. 139.
  10. Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger: Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 2: Wirbel- oder Schädeltiere. Spektrum, 2004, ISBN 3-8274-0900-4, S. 497
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Большая сумчатая летяга: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Большая сумчатая летяга, или гигантская сумчатая летяга (лат. Petaurus australis) — сумчатое млекопитающие семейства сумчатых летяг.

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큰유대하늘다람쥐 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

큰유대하늘다람쥐(Petaurus abidi)는 주머니하늘다람쥐과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 나무 위에서 생활하는 수상성 동물이고,[3] 야행성[4] 유대하늘다람쥐의 일종으로[5] 퀸즐랜드 주 북부 지역부터 빅토리아 주에 이르는 오스트레일리아 동부 지역 유칼립투스 숲의 좁은 분포 지역 안에서 서식한다.[6]

서식지

큰유대하늘다람쥐는 오스트레일리아 동부 지역의 숲과 산림에서 서식하며, 해수면부터 해발 1,400m 높이 사이의 지역에서 발견된다.[7][8]

퀸즐랜드 주 북부 지역의 아종은 해발 700m 이상의 고도에서 발견된다.[9] 자연적인 분포 지역 단절과 서식지 감소때문에 퀸즐랜드 북부의 세 군데 지역에 13개 개체군만이 남아 있다. 한 군데 개체군은 윈저 테이블랜드 산에서 살며, 또 한 곳은 카빈 테이블랜드 산에서 살고 나머지 세 번째는 애서튼 테이블랜드의 애서튼부터 키래마까지의 길쭉한 선 모양의 분포 지역에서 산다. 이 세 개체군 전체는 약 6000마리 정도로 추산하고 있다.[9] 서식지가 위험에 노출되어 있고, 희귀종으로 흔하지 않은 종을 분류되고 열대 지역에서는 취약종으로 분류된다. 퀸즐랜드 주와 뉴사우스웨일스 주, 빅토리아 주에서 좀더 널리 분포한다.

아종

2종의 아종이 알려져 있다.

  • P. a. australis - 남부 지역(현지에서 흔한 종)
  • P. a. reginae - 퀸즐랜드 주 북부 지역(산림 남벌로 서식지 위험, 희귀종)

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 54–55쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Petaurus australis”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 12월 28일에 확인함.
  3. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/pnf/07355ybglider.pdf
  4. “Yellow-bellied glider - Petaurus australis facts”. 《thewebsiteofeverything.com》. 2015년 6월 13일에 확인함.
  5. Gliding Possums – Environment, New South Wales Government
  6. Ross Secord. “ADW: Petaurus australis: INFORMATION”. 《Animal Diversity Web》. 2015년 6월 13일에 확인함.
  7. Kavanagh, R.P.; Stanton, M.A. (1998). “Nocturnal forest birds and arboreal marsupials of the southwestern slopes, New South Wales”. 《Australian Zoologist》 30: 449–466. doi:10.7882/az.1998.012.
  8. “Distribution of nocturnal forest birds and mammals in relation to the logging mosaic in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia”. 《Biological Conservation》 71: 41–53. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00019-M. 2015년 6월 13일에 확인함.
  9. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/66668-conservation-advice.pdf
  • Cronin, Leonard – "Key Guide to Australian Mammals", published by Reed Books Pty. Ltd., Sydney, 1991 ISBN 0-7301-0355-2
  • van der Beld, John – "Nature of Australia – A portrait of the island continent", co-published by William Collins Pty. Ltd. and ABC Enterprises for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Sydney, 1988 (revised edition 1992), ISBN 0-7333-0241-6
  • Russell, Rupert – "Spotlight on Possums", published by University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, Queensland, 1980, ISBN 0-7022-1478-7
  • Troughton, Ellis – "Furred Animals of Australia", published by Angus and Robertson (Publishers) Pty. Ltd, Sydney, in 1941 (revised edition 1973), ISBN 0-207-12256-3
  • Morcombe, Michael & Irene – "Mammals of Australia", published by Australian Universities Press Pty. Ltd, Sydney, 1974, ISBN 0-7249-0017-9
  • Ride, W. D. L. – "A Guide to the Native Mammals of Australia", published by Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1970, ISBN 0 19 550252 3
  • Serventy, Vincent – "Wildlife of Australia", published by Thomas Nelson (Australia) Ltd., Melbourne, 1968 (revised edition 1977), ISBN 0-17-005168-4
  • Serventy, Vincent (editor) – "Australia's Wildlife Heritage", published by Paul Hamlyn Pty. Ltd., Sydney, 1975 of the marsupial Petauridae.
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