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Description

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This is a small frog, with males reaching 19.2 mm and females 24.2 mm. Characters which have been identified for this species, following Meinhardt and Parmelee (1996), include: (1) small size; (2) disc on finger III wider than diameter of finger; (3) finger I shorter than finger II; (4) fringe present on finger II; (5) disc on fourth toe wider than diameter of toe; (6) fringe present on fourth toe; (7) outer tarsal fold absent; (8) toe webbing formula is I1-2II1-2III2-3.5IV4-2V; (9) dorsolateral stripe absent; (11) ventrolateral stripe absent; (12) discrete dark markings absent on chest; (13) discrete markings absent on belly; (14) no sexual dimorphism in ventral pattern; (15) finger III of male not swollen. In addition, the skin is smooth and the cloacal opening is directed posteroventrally at the upper level of the thighs. The cloacal sheath is short. Teeth are present on maxillary arch. Testes are small (about one third length of kidneys) and white. Anomaloglossus parkerae differs from its congeners in having an orange-yellow throat in life and by lacking both pale longitudinal stripes and distinct dark markings on the chest or belly. Its dorsum is grayish tan with olive brown markings and the iris is pale bronze.

References

  • Meinhardt, D. J., and Parmelee, J. R. (1996). ''A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Venezuela.'' Herpetologica, 52(1), 70-77.
  • Pough, F. H., and Taigen, T.L. (1990). ''Metabolic correlates of the foraging and social behaviour of dart-poison frogs.'' Animal Behavior, 39, 145-155.

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Distribution and Habitat

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Occurs in the Guiana Highlands of southeastern Venezuela. Known from two localities: (1) Paso de El Danto (considered to be the rainiest place in Venezuela by Rivero, 1968). The habitat here is low montane rainforest without a canopy, with few palms, a few bromeliads, and many ferns, with sandy soil. (2) 5-7 km from the type locality; this also is lower montane rainforest with many terrestrial and some arboreal bromeliads and moderately thick growths of mosses on limbs, stream banks, and rocks.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Stomach contents were examined and found to include whole ants, termite heads, beetles, isopods and flies, indicating that this species is a generalist feeder (Pough and Taigen 1990; Toft 1981).
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Anomaloglossus parkerae

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Anomaloglossus parkerae is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. As currently known, it is endemic to Venezuela and is only known from near its type locality in the La Escalera, the Bolívar state, Venezuela, near the Guyanese border.[3][4] However, its range is expected to extend southward to the Gran Sabana[4] as well as into the adjacent Guyana.[3] The specific name parkerae honors Dr. Nancy Parker, undergraduate adviser of one of the scientists who described the species.[2]

Description

Adult males, based on the holotype that is the only male specimen in the type series, measure about 19 mm (0.7 in) and adult females 23–24 mm (0.9–0.9 in) in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is robust. The snout is bluntly rounded in dorsal view and posteroventrally inclined in profile. The tympanum is not visible in the male but is visible in the females. Supra-tympanic fold is absent. Forelimbs are long and slender. The finger tips have expanded discs; no webbing is present. The hind limbs are robust. The toes are webbed and bear lateral fringes as well as terminal discs. Skin is smooth. The dorsum is grayish tan with olive brown markings. The throat is orange yellow while the rest of the venter is creamy yellow. The iris is pale bronze.[2]

Habitat and conservation

Anomaloglossus parkerae occurs in the tropical montane forests of Sierra de Lema at elevations of 860–1,300 m (2,820–4,270 ft) above sea level.[1] It is diurnal. Specimens have been found in a muddy roadside ditch and on the rocky banks of rivers.[1][2] Tadpoles believed to be of this species have been found in shallow puddles (5–10 cm (2–4 in) deep) and in small streams and under rocks in small pools in a roadside ditch.[1] Adults forage on insects such as ants, beetles, termites, and dipterans, and on isopods.[2]

Anomaloglossus parkerae is potentially threatened by habitat loss caused by construction of power lines and the associated access roads that results in deforestation, and by tourism. Its population status is unknown but it is thought to be common and protected by Canaima National Park.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Anomaloglossus parkerae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T55127A109533203. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T55127A109533203.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Meinhardt, Daniel J. & Parmelee, Jeffrey R. (1996). "A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Venezuela". Herpetologica. 52 (1): 70–77. JSTOR 3892958.
  3. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Anomaloglossus parkerae (Meinhardt and Parmalee, 1996)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  4. ^ a b Barrio-Amorós, C. L.; Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M. & Señaris, J. C. (2019). "Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation" (PDF). Amphibian and Reptile Conservation. 13 (Special Section): 1–198.
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Anomaloglossus parkerae: Brief Summary

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Anomaloglossus parkerae is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. As currently known, it is endemic to Venezuela and is only known from near its type locality in the La Escalera, the Bolívar state, Venezuela, near the Guyanese border. However, its range is expected to extend southward to the Gran Sabana as well as into the adjacent Guyana. The specific name parkerae honors Dr. Nancy Parker, undergraduate adviser of one of the scientists who described the species.

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